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Social Science Research 2270 > Midterm Reveiw > Flashcards

Midterm Reveiw Flashcards

1
Q

Moving from particular to general is

A

Inductive reasoning

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2
Q

Moving from general to particular is

A

Being involved in deductive reasoning

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3
Q

What do you need to have a correctly stated hypothesis?

A

Causality AND casual direction

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4
Q

Which of the following defines causality ?

A

The statement that indicates one factor and has a impact on the other

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5
Q

Medical cannabis causality

A

Impacted by Age -> impacts

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6
Q

Causal direction

A

The statement that indicates the way in which one factor impacts the other factor

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7
Q

Levels of specificity, which is the most abstract leave

A

Theory

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8
Q

Levels of specificity which is the most Specific level ?

A

Operationalization

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9
Q

Hypothesis level occurs during ..

A

The conceptualization stage

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10
Q

Minimal risk definition

A

The research subject will face no greater harm than in normal life

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11
Q

Informed convent definition

A

Voluntary convent given only after full info is provided

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12
Q

Confidentiality and anonymity definition

A

Promise of secrecy and systematic gaurentee

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13
Q

Voluntary convent that is given only after the full description of info is given

A

Informed concent

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14
Q

Promise of secrecy

A

Confidentiality and anonymity

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15
Q

No greater than risk than in normal life

A

Minimal risk

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16
Q

Anonymity is

A

A systematic guarantee, nobody can find them once we create the data set

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17
Q

Define deception

A

Unethical unless research requires deception

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18
Q

What is unethical unless research requires it

A

Deception

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19
Q

Harm definition

A

Awareness of potential and steps taken to mitigate

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20
Q

Voluntary participation

A

Full info required and no coercion

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21
Q

Access to results

A

Participants are entitled to access results

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22
Q

Milgrams shocking study

A

Had potential to cause harm - great psychological stress or pain to the research subjects

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23
Q

Humphreys research was

A

An invasion of privacy, in conducting a presentation observation study without consent (invasion of privacy)

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24
Q

Ethical status of STS 2270

A

Full disclosure, minimal risks

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25
Q

Which of the following best describes anonymity?

A

That guarantee that researcher nor others that read about the research can identify the subject

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26
Q

Informed consent

A

Participation is brought upon, based on the full understanding of the risks involved

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27
Q

Which of the following best describes voluntary participation

A

Participants must be informed fully about the research and there can be no courosion

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28
Q

Which best describes confidentiality

A

It’s a promise that the researcher will not identify any research subject even though they could if they wanted too and where unethical

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29
Q

Harm principle

A

That the researcher must’ve aware of any potential harm and possible risks for patients and built in processors dealing with those rare circumstances

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30
Q

Purposes of research- describing

A

Tells us how much of the phenomenon exists, or where it exists

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31
Q

Purposes of research- explanation

A

The most developed purpose of research,

It answers the question of what something exists

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32
Q

Ideographic explanations are used..

A

To explain virtually everything or to know the full story

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33
Q

Ideographic explanations are appropriate for

A

Historical studies, criminal justice process

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34
Q

Nomothetic explanations

A

Provide a partial explanation

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35
Q

Nomothetic explanations are appropriate for

A

Probabilistic social science

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36
Q

Probabilistic social science is particularly..

A

Nomothetic causation

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37
Q

Probabilistic social science

A

Actual and observed associations

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38
Q

Criterial for correlation and causation

A

There must be a actual observed relationship

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39
Q

The criteria for time order of causation

A

The cause must proceed the effect

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40
Q

NON Spuriousness

A

An observed empirical correlation between two variables can NOT be explained by another variable

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41
Q

Someone is responsible for something when there is no possible way they even had the authority or the ability to be responsible or it because they weren’t in the position to be responsible at that time, IS:

A

Time order of causation

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42
Q

Direct positive study of marijuana showed

A

Correlation of higher GPAs

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43
Q

Ecological fallacy

A

Exists when one assumes that because one knows something about a group that one knows something similar about individuals or vice versa

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44
Q

A necessary cause is

A

Required for the result to happen

Ex if you don’t write your exam you will not pass

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45
Q

Sufficient cause

A

If it is present it guarantees the result

46
Q

At which stage do be engage in survey research

A

Choice of methods

47
Q

At which stage do we test our hypothesis?

A

Conceptualization

48
Q

When we decide to look for a representative group

A

Population and sampling

49
Q

When we engage in data collection

A

Observation

50
Q

When we test our hypothesis

A

Analysis

51
Q

Phenomenon is discussed at the ________ stage

A

Theory

52
Q

We chose our specific variables at

A

Operationalization stage

53
Q

At which stage do we define our purpose of the study including conducting a literature review

A

Theory

54
Q

When do we determine for which people the material is appropriate?

A

Population and sample stage

55
Q

Hypothesize the relationship and we define our variable

A

Conceptualization

56
Q

Ethics there is that we don’t bury results that we don’t like

A

Data analysis stage

57
Q

Nominal variable is a

A

NON quantitative measure , gives a name for a case according to a class. (Ex sex is male or female. Not more or less of something)

58
Q

Ordinal

A

Is a measure that allows us to rank observations according to some order

59
Q

Interval

A

Based on common and known units that allow us to measure precisely how much more or less

60
Q

Ratio

A

Essentially interval but has a fixed 0 point

61
Q

What is achieved by interval level variables ?

A

With interval level variables we can group cases into categories where a order is evident the precise difference between the amount of the order is known but there is no true zero point

62
Q

What is achieved with Nominal variables?

A

Group cases together into categories but there is no order applied

63
Q

Nominal examples

A

Sex, religious denomination, area in a city …

64
Q

Ordinal examples

A

Likert, likert-like, strongly agree - strongly disagree

65
Q

Interval examples

A

Temperatures, IQ scores

66
Q

Ratio examples

A

Year born, income, age

-Fixed zero point-

67
Q

Reliability

A

Being able to use the techniques over and over again , seeing the same results

68
Q

Validity

A

Specificity concern with our measures that is the extent which some empirical measure adequately reflex the meaning of the concept under consideration
Ex. employment rates

69
Q

Population

A

Group being studied

70
Q

Sample

A

Subgroup behind studied

71
Q

Parameters

A

Characteristics of populations and of samples

72
Q

sampling error

A

Confidence interval- the probability that a parameter falls within stated sampling error measure (+ some percentage point)

73
Q

Confidence levels

A

Likelihood of sampling error (19 times out of 20 or 95% of the time)

74
Q

Some of the best samples you can get are

A

Simple Random Sample allowed everyone equal opportunity at participation

75
Q

Polls gone wrong : literary digest US president election poll 1936 LANDON

A

Large sample size but sample not representative

76
Q

GALLUPS prediction of dewy victory over Truman 1948

A

Quota sampling with outdated quotas and stopped data collection too early

77
Q

Quota sampling failed to account for the shift of poor rule voters out of the south in particular but within the industrial cities during and after the World War Two and they stopped collecting data two weeks early

A

Gallup’s prediction

78
Q

Be if it’s of open questions benefit

A

Let’s the respondents provide Unrestricted answers

usually used for qualitative studies

79
Q

Benefits of closed questions

A

They have restricted answers which makes them more cost effective and easier to administer

80
Q

Extremely beneficial to data collection and analysis (open or closed questions)

A

Closed

81
Q

Question air design ____ answers are best

A

Short

82
Q

_____ topic at a time

A

One

83
Q

Pretests

A

To make sure all of our fraising is correct and we have valid questions so we can correct for any bias we have introduced

84
Q

Example of participant observation

A

Humphreys - incognito- going undercover to observe the research subjects without them knowing

85
Q

Experimental

A

Two groups , only one gets stimulus , other is a controlled group

86
Q

Quasi experimental

A

Two groups , neither get different stimulus - observe organic differences

87
Q

Francis Bacon

A

Is responsible for developing the scientific method upon the social science and positivism based research

88
Q

Comte

A

Said sight is developed from a theological staged - a metaphysical stage - to a scientific stage

89
Q

Comte

A

3 stages of scientific inquiry

90
Q

Bacon

A

Development of positivism

91
Q

No spirits, No god, No aliens, other worldly explanations

A

All behaviour is Naturally Determined

92
Q

We seek natural explanations and causes of behaviour

A

All behaviour is naturally determined

93
Q

Use same method onto study humans as all other natural phenomenon

A

Humans are part of the natural world

94
Q

Scientific method is dependent on this.. particularly, replicability

A

Nature is orderly and regular

95
Q

… if we continue applying method

A

All objective phenomena are eventually knowable

96
Q

Must have evidence, without evidence we never assume to know

A

Nothing is self evident

97
Q

Value neutral - objective not normative - record all data as observed

A

Truth is relative

98
Q

Lockes Tabula Rasa

A

Knowledge comes from experience

99
Q

Sum total of scientific inquiry- sum total of human experience

A

Knowledge comes from experience

100
Q

Which of the following is accurate concerning scientific public opinion surveys?

A

To be considered scientific researchers must interview a randomly selected subset of the larger group they want to know things about

101
Q

Which of the following best describes a population?

A

A group of people being studied or explained

102
Q

Which of the following best describes a sample ?

A

A subgroup of some larger group of people where the subgroup is actually studied observed or interviewed

103
Q

Which of the following are potential uses of scientific public opinion research?

A

Analyzing elections, analyzing customer satisfaction, marketing, academic research (all of the above)

104
Q

Which of the following is correct concerning randomness in scientific public opinion polling?

A

Everyone in the population must have an equal opportunity to participate

105
Q

Which of the following best defines margin of error?

A

An expression of how representative (accurate) a survey is

106
Q

Which of the following are considered scientific public opinion polls?

A

Random sample public opinion polls

107
Q

What is the sample size used in the city of Lethbridge 2014 satisfaction survey?

A

400

108
Q

What is the margin of error in the city of Lethbridge 2014 satisfaction survey?

A

+-4.9 percent points, 19 times out of 20

109
Q

What is the sample size for 2012 CSRL Alberta opinion study?

A

1067

110
Q

What is the margin of error for the 2012 CSRL Alberta opinion study?

A

+-3.0 percent points , 19 times out of 20

111
Q

Which of the following is a disadvantage of mail out questionnaires

A

They tend to have low response rates

Social Science Research 2270 (2 decks)

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