Midterm review Flashcards
1
Q
How do you identify an amino acid?
A
- Central carbon atom
- Carboxyl group (COOH)
- Amino group (NH2)
- Hydrogen atom (H)
- Side chain (R)
2
Q
What are the three binding sites?
A
A site: incoming aminoacyl-tRNAs
P site: peptidyl tRNA
E site: empty tRNAs exit
3
Q
Differences between types of RNA.
A
mRNA: messenger of coding sequences.
tRNA: carry amino acids to ribosomes.
rRNA: form the core of a cell’s ribosomes.
4
Q
Summarize the process of transcription.
A
Ex) Take a photo of a recipe with your phone.
- Initiation: promoter signals where and when transcription takes place.
- Elongation: appropriate nucleotides are brought together.
- Termination: reaches the terminator sequence.
5
Q
Summarize the process of translation.
A
Ex) Process of making the cookies using the image of the recipe on your phone.
- RNA attaches to a ribosome.
- Amino acids are brought to the ribosome by tRNA and linked together to form the polypeptide chain.
- AUG start codon.
- Ribosome reads 3 proteins at a time.
- 3 stop codons: UAA, UAG, UGA
6
Q
Cellular respiration
A
How cells break up sugars into energy they can use.
Glucose + oxygen = CO2 + water + ATP
7
Q
CR products
A
Glycolysis: 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, NADH, CO2
Citric aid cycle: 2 carbon, 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 ATP
Electron transport chain: water, ATP
