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Honors World History II > Midterm Review > Flashcards

Midterm Review Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

The Enlightenment

A

an era of thinking and reason above everything else

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2
Q

What’s another name for the Enlightenment?

A

The Age of Reason

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3
Q

The Enlightenment promoted _______

A

philosophy

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4
Q

What did Mary Wollstonecraft argue for?

A

education and rights for women

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5
Q

What did Mary Wollstonecraft write?

A

The Vindication of the Rights of Women

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6
Q

If a teacher took her students on a field trip, this is an example of…

A

empiricism

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7
Q

Empiricism

A

learning through experiences

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8
Q

What did John Locke belief about human rights?

A

All men are born with the rights to life, liberty, and property

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9
Q

Which philosopher influenced the US Declaration of Independence?

A

John Locke

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10
Q

Which philosopher supported religious toleration?

A

John Locke

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11
Q

Which philosopher believed you could not force religion through violence?

A

John Locke

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12
Q

Which philosopher wrote Spirit of the Laws?

A

Montesquieu

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13
Q

Which philosopher described the three branches of government?

A

Montesquieu

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14
Q

Which philosopher wrote the Discourse of Inequality?

A

Rousseau

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15
Q

Which philosophers believed in that the people of a nation decide who rules?

A

Montesquieu, Hobbes, and Rousseau

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16
Q

Which philosopher believed in the natural rights of men?

A

Rousseau

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17
Q

Which philosopher believed society made people evil?

A

Rousseau

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18
Q

Which philosopher believed in absolute monarchy? Why?

A

Hobbes, it was the only way to achieve peace in a chaotic world

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19
Q

What was Hobbes’ major contribution to society?

A

The Leviathan

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20
Q

What does laissez faire mean?

A

government should not become involved in society, let it be

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21
Q

Who created specialization?

A

Adam Smith

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22
Q

Specialization

A

workers must specify labor in one area so that work is completed more efficiently

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23
Q

Which philosopher discussed Consumer Capitalism?

A

Adam Smith

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24
Q

Educate Consumers

A

when businesses teach the consumers how to use their product

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25
Which philosopher supported the good treatment of the rich?
Adam Smith
26
What was Adam Smith's major contribution to society?
Wealth of Nations
27
Capitalism
privately owned businesses compete with each other, rather than ownership by the state
28
Three major technologies created during the Explorer and Expansion Era are...
the compass, astrolabe, and ship building
29
What was the Renaissance Spirit?
truth, beauty and wisdom
30
What was the purpose of Exploration during the Renaissance?
God, gold, and glory
31
Indian Ocean Trade
trade between Africa and Asia, taking place in the Indian Ocean
32
What is a notable characteristic of Indian Ocean trade?
the predictability of monsoon winds on the trade routes
33
Ferdinand Magellan
circumnavigated the globe, yet never made it back
34
Hernan Cortes
conquered the Aztecs
35
Francisco Pizarro
conquered the Incas
36
What was the difference between the Spanish and Portuguese explorers?
The Spanish wanted land and gold in the Americas and the Portuguese wanted control of the Indian Ocean trade
37
Henry the Navigator
sponsored Portuguese exploration
38
Vasco de Gama
found a route to Asia by going around the southern tip of Africa
39
Bartolome De Las Casas
a friar who fought for the rights of the Native people
40
Columbian Exchange
the exchange of animals, plants and disease between the old world and the new world
41
Atlantic Slave Trade
the route used to transport Africans to use them as slaves
42
What was the major port of incoming slaves in the Americas?
Brazil
43
What caused the spread of the Renaissance to take so long?
The Black Death
44
What were the two types of Renaissances?
The Italian Renaissance and the Northern Renaissance
45
Where did the Renaissance originate?
Germany
46
What did Brunelleschi do?
construct the dome for the Santa Maria Di Fuori
47
Michelangelo
artist who created the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, La Pieta, and David
48
What were two key characteristics of Renaissance Literature
Vernacular and Humanism
49
Leonardo di Vinci
known as Renaissance Man
50
Raphael
created the painting the School of Athens
51
Golden Ratio
an irregular number when used in architecture and art is pleasing to the eye
52
Cervantes
Spanish Renaissance writer, wrote Don Quixotes
53
Erasmus
wrote The Prince of Folly
54
Machiavelli
supported the ends justifying the means
55
Who wrote the Divine Comedy?
Dante Alighieri
56
Petrach
one of the first writers in the Renaissance to write poems using vernacular
57
Castiglione
wrote the Book of Courtier: 1. spezzatura 2. warrior spirit 3. grace 4. knowledge of humanity
58
Lorenzo de Medici
banker who ruled Florence and sponsored Renaissance art
59
Spezzatura
acting as if things come easily to you
60
Bartolomeu Dias
first European to sail around the southern tip of Africa
61
Peace of Augsburg
leaders could choose the religion of the area they ruled
62
Martin Luther
opposed the Catholic Churches abuses, especially the selling of indulgences, and incited the Protestant Reformation
63
95 Theses
written by Martin Luther to outline the belief that the Bible is the true authority, and combat Catholic abuses
64
Which two religions believed in the ultimate authority of the Bible?
Calvanism and Anglicanism
65
Which religion relies on church leaders to interpret Scripture?
Catholicism
66
What are the 4 characteristics of a revolution?
dissident elite, mass frustration, shared motivation, and state crises
67
Dissident Elite
wealthy people who actively oppose a political or religious system
68
Mass Frustration
many people sharing a feeling of upset and frustration towards a specific cause
69
Shared Motivation
the unity of many people to achieve something such as freedom or change
70
State Crises
any events that either will or might lead to an unstable and dangerous situation affecting society
71
What are some causes of the French Revolution?
inequality within the estates system, tax burden on the third estate, the rise of the bourgeoisie, and general financial crisis
72
Louis XVI
the last king of France before the fall of the monarchy, tried to escape France to gain foreign allies but was caught and distrusted by the people
73
Who persuaded King Louis XVI to return to Paris?
The Women
74
If a teacher uses reading and worksheets to help students learn, this is an example of...
rationalism
75
Rationalism
the belief that humans come to knowledge through the use of logic
76
What was the National Assembly?
a revolutionary assembly formed by the representatives of the Third Estate
77
Why was the Bastille taken over?
The people believed the Bastille contained large amounts of gunpowder and arms, which they needed
78
Which family ruled Florence for the longest amount of time?
the Medici family

Honors World History II (1 decks)

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