Midterm Review Flashcards

Question

Risk factor of hypertension

Answer 1

1) 45 years of age and above 2) Family history 3) Smokers – double the risk 4) Diabetics 5) Darker races 6) Men > women until women hit menopause then it is equal 7) Pregnancy – affects 10%, referred to as “pre-eclampsia” or “eclampsia”, usually resolves after the birth 8) People with high stress levelshigh sodium intake high alcohol intake 9) People taking oral contraceptives 10) Obesity and/or physical inactivity

Answer 2

1) Diuretics 2) Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors 3) Beta-Blockers 4) Calcium Channel Blockers 5) Vasodilator Drugs

Answer 3

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

Answer 4

1) Myocardial infarctions; Ischemic heart disease 2) Cardiomyopathy 3) Hypertension 4) Cigarette smoking; Obesity 5) Diabetes 6) Exacerbating factors

Answer 5

1) Class I: no limitation is experienced in activities; there are no symptoms from ordinary activities. 2) Class II: slight, mild limitation of activity; the patient is comfortable at rest or with mild exertion. 3) Class III: marked limitation of any activity; the patient is comfortable only at rest. 4) Class IV: any physical activity brings on discomfort and symptoms occur at rest.

Answer 6

Left ventricular failure: Pulmonary congestion and edema. Dyspnea or Orthopnea Right ventricular failure: Generalized edema distal to heart, including the lower limbs (beginning with the ankles, sacral area and posterior thighs), liver, peritoneal cavity (ascites) – chronic and pitted edema develop

Answer 7

1) Increased heart rate 2) Rapid pulse 3) Labored breathing 4) Sweating or clamminess of the skin 5) Extreme facial flushing (red or purple) 6) Tissue bogginess and edema post massage

Answer 8

1) Prolonged painful techniques avoided because they increase the sympathetic nervous system firing therefore increase blood pressure 2) Avoid vigorous stimulation techniques – cupping, hacking & pounding 3) Avoid prolonged rotation of the neck during neck treatments as it could occlude BF 4) Avoid simultaneous bilateral neck treatment (treat one side at a time) 5) Avoid using repetitive long broad techniques (ex. Effleurage) 6) Avoid repetitive full ROM, especially involving the limbs 7) Avoid full body MLD 8) Avoid prolonged elevation of arms or legs above the heart (careful of pillow use) 9) Be careful of prone position because heart is lower than body part being treated and has to work harder 10) Avoid full-body or extreme hydrotherapy applications 11) Avoid Hydrotherapy applications to the chest, back and neck 12) Some essential oils: Hypertensive oils – rosemary, sage, thyme, camphor & hyssop. Vasoconstricting oils – cypress, geranium & rosemary.

Answer 9

- Always take blood pressure prior to treatment - Positioning in prone should be limited (10min max) - Avoid abdominal pillowing as compresses abdominal aorta - Avoid stimulation, painful treatment of large limb - Avoid deep massage or raising limb above heart - 2 or more pillow under head and shoulders when client is supine or side lying - Always check with client on their heart rate, blood pressure – look for dizziness, shallow breathing, sweating and skin color – be very observant and attentive. Explain to your client the importance of informing you of any changes in their condition during the treatment as well as between sessions

Answer 10

1) Relaxation techniques (slow relaxed breathing, yoga, meditation) 2) Gentle modified exercising- walking, swimming. Stretch and strengthen regime 3) Improve diet, address other risk factors as necessary 4) Essential oils – Marjoram, Ylang ylang, Lavender, Lemon

Answer 11

1) Be prepared to assist client off table to prevent injury 2) Encourage gradual movement to a standing position 3) Have a client sit at edge of table and move legs to normalize blood flow 4) Educate re: excessive use of diuretics 5) Educate re: excessive loss of fluids 6) Educate re: situations that encourage vasodilation

Answer 12

The great saphenous vein is most commonly affected.

Answer 13

1) Primary: varicosities which originate in the superficial veins 2) Secondary: varicosities resulting from impaired flow in the deep venous channels

Answer 14

1) Increase in venous pressure 2) Impaired function of venous valves 3) Standing for prolonged periods 4) Secondary: Blocked blood flow from DVT 5) Vitamin C deficiency 6) Sitting with legs crossed

Answer 15

1) Deep, specific techniques over varicosities 2) Deep specific techniques on any local tissue that appears dystrophic 3) Do not massage directly over swollen, torturous or painful veins as you run the risk 4) Local massage to varicosities and after 24 hours after medical treatment of saline injections 5) Open wounds 6) Anticoagulant medication

Answer 16

1) Enlarged and bulging veins 2) Bluish veins, that appear lumpy 3) Can become tortuous (knotted and twisted) 4) Become more prominent when standing 5) Can be asymptomatic or cause dull achy pain 6) Edema around ankles and lower legs 7) Itchiness on or around affected veins 8) Heavy, fatigued feeling of legs (may make walking difficult); Weakening of calf muscles 9) Nocturnal leg cramps in calf muscles 10) Skin over varicosities may appear shiny, bluish brown

Answer 17

1) Elevate legs (prone supine) 2) Cool hydro 3) MLD 4) Redirect fluid to heart NOT feet 5) Decrease pain with relaxing GSM 6) Light pressure (shaving, vibrations) 7) Decrease fibrosis from edema/scare tissue adhesions through fascial and friction 8) Increase ROM

Answer 18

1) Check with MD for support stockings 2) Educate client on: Loose clothing, Avoid prolonged period of sitting/standing, heavy lifting 3) Not scratch skin over varicosities 4) Maintain good foot care 5) Cold foot bath 6) Self massage to legs 7) AF ROM 8) Elevate legs 3 times a day for 10 mins

Answer 19

THIS IS NOT SOMETHING WE TREAT, RATHER A CONDITION WE MUST BE AWARE OF TO DETECT AND REFER OUT

Answer 20

Inflammation of a superficial or deep vein that leads to the formation of a thrombus (blood clot which is attached to the wall of a blood vessel)