Midterm Review

Question 1

which species of Vitis is most important in grape production

Answer 1

vinifera

Question 2

what is phylloxera

Answer 2

Aphid like pest
chews roots

Question 3

how did phylloxera effect the world

Answer 3

originated from NA
accidentally brought to Europe and destroyed many vinyards
many cultivars must be grafted now

Question 4

why is vitas vinifera difficult to grow?

Answer 4

not cold hardy
needs specific climate
susceptible to phylloxera

Question 5

purpose behind French hybrids

Answer 5

cold tolerant
disease tolerant
variety
phylloxera resistant

Question 6

Cane

Answer 6

1 year old shoot

Question 7

Shoot

Answer 7

Annual growth
can be off arm, cordon, cane, trunk

Question 8

cordon

Answer 8

horozontal extension of trunk
source of new shoot

Question 9

tendril

Answer 9

modified leaf
allows plant to climb

Question 10

veraison

Answer 10

point of maturity, ripening, colour change

Question 11

heat unit

Answer 11

measurement of heat accumulation within a climate
base unit 10

Question 12

summer lateral

Answer 12

off of shoot, grows at s node, lateral

Question 13

calyptra

Answer 13

cap on flower, made from flower petals

Question 14

shatter stage

Answer 14

flowers that aren’t pollinated drop off

Question 15

rootstock

Answer 15

uptake of nutrients, graph plant

Question 16

bull wood

Answer 16

large diameter cane, not necessarily fruitful, high vigor

Question 17

why are buds on grape vine “perfect”

Answer 17

multiple growing points, 3 components prim, sec, terch

Question 18

when did the fruit buds of this years grape crop begin to develop

Answer 18

last season, July- June

Question 19

average ideal annual temp range of a vineyard

Answer 19

10-20C

Question 20

what can go wrong if avg daily temp falls

Answer 20

delayed maturity, winter injury, not long enough growth

Question 21

T/F vitas labrusca was the main native NA species

Answer 21

F

Question 22

T/F vinifera grapes have tendrils opposite every leaf

Answer 22

F

Question 23

T/F French H grapes tend to be more cold tolerant

Answer 23

T

Question 24

T/F secondary buds can be fruitful

Answer 24

T

Question 25

T/F grapes usually have perfect flowers

Answer 25

T

Question 26

T/F spur is the name of the 2nd trunk

Answer 26

F

Question 27

cool climate district gen has less than 200HU

Answer 27

F

Question 28

T/F the leafs suck

Answer 28

T

Question 29

T/Fall the rain grapes are from labrusca

Answer 29

T

Question 30

T/F generally, temp below -15 will kill vinifera

Answer 30

T

Question 31

Characteristics of an ideal soil type

Answer 31

Sandy loam, deep, moisture, well aerated

Question 32

why are highly fertile soils not suitable?

Answer 32

too much growth, shading, low spray penetration, late maturing, too vegetative

Question 33

why are gentle slopes beneficial to have in a vineyard?

Answer 33

air drainage, if properly faced they can create a micro climate

Question 34

micro climate of southerly slopes

Answer 34

warmer, early growth, sunlight exposure, longer growing season

Question 35

micro climate of northerly slopes

Answer 35

cooler, late growing, shorter growing season

Question 36

why are windbreaks bad

Answer 36

frost pockets

Question 37

lake effect on grape growing

Answer 37

warmer winters, cooler summers, more precipitation

Question 38

3 major reasons for rootstock use

Answer 38

phylloxera resistant, nematode resistant, soil

Question 39

what is the minimum headland

Answer 39

9m

Question 40

what would you consider when planting row direction

Answer 40

direction fields are already facing, slopes, preferably n-s, end posts are expensive so the less needed the better

Question 41

why are mechanical grape plants laser guided

Answer 41

mechanical leaf/ harness removal, uniformity

Question 42

Advantages to steel posts

Answer 42

notches, last longer, easier to put in

Question 43

why are sturdy end posts important

Answer 43

so it won't fall over, they are expensive so if you do it right once you won't have to do it again (hopefully)

Question 44

How deep can vine roots go?

Answer 44

3m or more

Question 45

how steep is too steep

Answer 45

7d

Question 46

Scion

Answer 46

fruiting portion grafted onto rootstock

Question 47

420A

Answer 47

best on moist dry soils, can tolerate dry conditions, ripens fruit early, poor rooting.

Question 48

Break Crop

Answer 48

deter pests, herbicide residue

Question 49

Allyway

Answer 49

at least 8m wide

Question 50

in row spacing

Answer 50

1.25-2.8

Question 51

end post

Answer 51

slanted so they don't move, expensive

Question 52

spur prune

Answer 52

cane that has been tried, 2-3 buds

Question 53

wire guage

Answer 53

12 thicker than 16

Question 54

catch wire

Answer 54

safety wire

Question 55

T/F soils with low fertility can produce better quality wines

Answer 55

T