Midterm Review Flashcards by Adelia Jackson

Medical language comes mostly from two ancient languages

Greek and Latin

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Eponyms

Named after a PERSON (ex. Lou Gehrig’s disease)

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Acronyms

Combination of first letters/syllables (ex. MRI)

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Modern languages for medical terminology

German, French, English

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Ultima

the last syllable

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Penult

the second to last syllable

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Antepenult

the third to last syllable

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When pronouncing, emphasis usually falls on the

third-to-last syllable (antepenult)

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Root

foundation or subject of the term

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Suffix

ending that gives essential meaning to the term

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Prefix

added to the beginning of a term when needed to further modify the root

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Common roots

Function like nouns in the language of medicine.
Are often followed by a combining vowel
Ex:
Arthr/o.
Cardi/o.
Enter/o.

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Some meanings have more than one root

Ex: Hem/o and hemat/o both mean blood

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Angi/o, vas/o, and vascul/o

all mean vessel

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gen/o

creation, cause (ex. pathogenic)

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hydr/o

water

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morph/o

change

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myc/o

fungus (ex. dermatomycosis)

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necr/o

death (ex. necrophilia) - gross but memorable

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orth/o

straight (ex. orthodontist)

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path/o

suffering, disease (ex. pathology)

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phag/o

eat (ex. aphagia, the inability to swallow)

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plas/o

formation (ex. hyperplasia)

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py/o

pus (ex. pyorrhea, pyemia)

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scler/o

hard

troph/o

nourishment, development (trophology, hypertrophy)

xen/o

foreign (ex. xenograft)

Adjective

often mean pertaining to

Noun

turn the root into a noun

Diminutive

transform a term’ s meaning to a smaller version.

-ia

condition (pneumonia)

-ism

condition (autism)

-ium

tissue, structure (pericardium)

-y

condition, procedure (hypertrophy)

icle, ole, ule, ula (all diminutive)

small (ex. ventricle, arteriole, pustule, uvula)

Complex suffixes are formed with

other suffixes, roots, and prefixes.

The suffix –tomy is formed by the combination of two word parts:

-y is a suffix meaning condition or procedure tom/o is a root meaning to cut -tomy is a suffix meaning a cutting procedure

Complex suffixes

Combinations of suffixes.

Categories of complex suffixes

-Professional terms. -Symptoms, diseases, or conditions. -Tests and treatments performed by healthcare professionals.

-iatrics

medical science (pediatrics)

-iatry

medical science (psychiatry)

-iatrist

specialist in medicine of (psychiatrist)

-ist

specialist (dentist)

-logist

specialist in the study of (psychologist)

-logy

study of (psychology)

-algia

Pain (myalgia)

-dynia

pain (gastrodynia)

-celehernia

hernia (a bulging of tissue into an area where it doesn’t belong) (ex. hydrocele)

-emia

blood condition (leukemia)

-iasis

presence of (lithiasis)

-itis

inflammation (arthritis)

-lysis

loosen, break down (hemolysis)

-malacia

abnormal softening

-megaly

enlargement (hepatomegaly)

-oid

resembling (keloid)

-oma

tumor (ex melanoma)

-osis

condition

-pathy

disease

-penia

deficiency (ex. leukopenia)

-ptosis

drooping (nephroptosis)

-rrhage

excessive flow (hemorrhage)

-rrhagia

excessive flow (

-rrhea

flow (ex. DIARRHEA LOLLLLL)

-rrhexis

rupture (metrorrhexis)

-spasm

involuntary contraction

-centesis

puncture

-gram

written record

-graph

cardiograph

-graphy

process of recording

-meter

instrument used to measure

-metry

process of measuring

-scope

instrument used to look

-scopy

process of looking

-desis

binding, fixation

-ectomy

removal

-pexy

surgical fixation

-plasty

reconstruction

-rrhaphy

suture

-stomy

creation of an opening

-tomy

incision

-ma in plural is???

mata

-y in plural is??

ies

Prefix

word part placed at the beginning of a word

a- -ay

NOT

an- an

not (ex. you are ANEMIC YOU LOSER)

de-

down, away from (ex. dehydration)

pro- proh

before, on behalf of (ex. prohbotic)

brady-

slow

tachy-

fast

ab-

away (ex. abhor)

ad-

toward

dia-

through (ex. diagnostic)

trans-

through

-e, ec, and ex

OUT.

ecto exo and extra

OUTSIDE

en endo and intra

INSIDE

epi

UPON

sub

beneath

inter

between

hemi and semi

half

hyper

over, too much

hypo

under, not enough

oligo

few

con

with together

dys

bad

good

sym and syn

together

The combining vowel is added to

more easily combine the root with other word parts.

The combining form is

the root + the combining vowel.

study of the heart: cardiology

root: cardi combining vowel: o suffix: logy

Combining vowels are used to

Join a root to any suffix beginning with a consonant. Join two roots together. Joint two roots together even when the second root begins with a vowel.

peri/card/ium

suffix: -ium means tissue prefix: peri- means around root: card means heart

Midterm Review Flashcards

(112 cards)