Midterm Review

Question 1

How do cells capture the energy released by cell respiration?

Answer 1

They produce ATP

Question 2

Products of cell respiration are:

Answer 2

energy to make ATP and carbon dioxide

Question 3

During photosynthesis and cellular respiration, some energy is lost:

Answer 3

in the form of heat

Question 4

What is important of the digestion of lipids?

Answer 4

Bile salts

Question 5

What is the correct order of the digestive system?

Answer 5

oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

Question 6

Smooth muscle propels food through the alimentary canal by:

Answer 6

Peristalsis

Question 7

In the digestive system, most nutrient absorption occurs in the:

Answer 7

small intestine

Question 8

During cell respiration, most of the energy in glucose is. . .

Answer 8

carried by electrons

Question 9

During cell respiration, NADH. . .

Answer 9

delivers its electron load to the electron transport chain

Question 10

What is the main digestive function of the pancreas?

Answer 10

to produce digestive enzymes and a bicarbonate buffer

Question 11

What is the best explanation for what happens to nutrient macromolecules in the animal’s digestive tract?

Answer 11

Nutrient macromolecules are digested into monomers before absorption

Question 12

The hydrogen atoms of a water molecule are bonded to the oxygen atom by _____ bonds, whereas neighboring water molecules are held together by _____

Answer 12

polar covalent. . .hydrogen

Question 13

The tendency of water molecules to stick together is known as. . .

Answer 13

cohesion

Question 14

Water’s surface tension and heat storage capacity is accounted for by its. . .

Answer 14

hydrogen bonds

Question 15

A buffer

Answer 15

donates H+ ions when conditions become too basic and accepts H+ ions who conditions become to acidic

Question 16

Lactose intolerance is the inability to. . .

Answer 16

digest lactose

Question 17

During which of the following phases does substrate level phosphorylation occur in cellular respiration

Answer 17

glycolysis and the citric acid cycle

Question 18

What is a result of glycolysis?

Answer 18

conversion of glucose to 2 three-carbon compounds

Question 19

The end products of glycolysis include. . .

Answer 19

2 ATP and NADH

Question 20

An enzyme catalyzes a reaction by. . .

Answer 20

lowering the activation energy of the reaction

Question 21

Child is brought to the doctor with a temp of 107*. . . What offers to most logical explanation for this action?

Answer 21

Elevated body temperature may denature enzymes. This would interfere with the cell’s abilities to catalyze various reactions

Question 22

Heating inactivates enzymes by. . .

Answer 22

changing the enzymes three-dimensional shape

Question 23

How does inhibition of an enzyme catalyzed reaction by a competitive inhibitor differ from inhibition by an noncompetitive inhibitor?

Answer 23

Competitive inhibitors bind to the active site of an enzyme; noncompetitive inhibitors bind to a different site

Question 24

Why do oil and water not mix?

Answer 24

water exhibits polarity and oil does not

Question 25

Which of the following contains a carboxyl and an amino group?

Answer 25

amino acids

Question 26

The molecular formula of most monosaccharides represents a multiple of. . .

Answer 26

CH2 0 | C(water)

Question 27

A disaccharide forms when. . .

Answer 27

2 monosaccharides come together in dehydration synthesis

Question 28

The storage form of carbs is ____ in animals and ____ in plants

Answer 28

glycogen. . . starch

Question 29

Are fatty acids hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

Answer 29

hydrophobic

Question 30

Amino acids can be distinguished from one another by. . .

Answer 30

the chemical properties of their R groups

Question 31

Proteins differ from one another because. . .

Answer 31

the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain differs from protein to protein.

Question 32

What is an example of secondary structure in a protein?

Answer 32

an alpha helix

Question 33

The tertiary structure of a polypeptide refers to . . .

Answer 33

the overall 3-D structure

Question 34

Which nutrient is digested only after it reaches the small intestine?

Answer 34

fats

Question 35

Bile produced in the liver is stored in the ______ before entering the intestine

Answer 35

gallbladder

Question 36

Some protozoans have special organelles called contractile vacuoles that continually eliminate excess waste from the cell. The presence of these organelles tells you that the environment. . .

Answer 36

is hypotonic to the protozoan

Question 37

The balloon is filled with a solution 20% sucrose and 80% water and is immersed on a beaker containing a solution of 40% sucrose and 60% water. What will happen?

Answer 37

Water will leave the balloon

Question 38

What is a typical feature of an ATP-driven active transport mechanism?

Answer 38

The solute moves against the concentration gradient

Question 39

Which structure is responsible for increasing turgor pressure, which aids in the stiffness of plant cells?

Answer 39

central vacuole

Question 40

The antibiotics streptomycin, neomycin and others are thought to bind irreversibly with the ribosomes of bacteria and thus disrupt their normal functioning. Which process do these antibiotics stop?

Answer 40

prevent the synthesis of proteins

Question 41

What is the effect of CO2 on the rate of photosynthesis (graph-wise)

Answer 41

increases steadily, then flatlines

Question 42

Effect of temperature on rate of photosynthesis (graph-wise)

Answer 42

Up, peaks and then curves down back to x-axis

Question 43

Plasma membranes are selectively permeable. This means that. . .

Answer 43

the plasma membrane allows some substances to enter or leave the cell more easily than others

Question 44

When physicians offer an organ transplant, they choose a donor whose tissues match those of the recipient as closely as possible. Which of the cell components are being matched?

Answer 44

glycoproteins and glycolipids

Question 45

If placed in tap water, an animal cell will lyse, whereas plant cell will not. What accounts for this difference?

Answer 45

strength of the plant cell wall

Question 46

Which organelle is not part of the endomembrane system within cells?

Answer 46

mitochondrion

Question 47

What is the difference between free and attached ribosomes?

Answer 47

Free ribosomes produce proteins that will stay in the cell whereas attached ribosomes will produce proteins that are exported from the cell.

Question 48

Proteins that are produced by ribosomes attached to the E.R are released into the. . .

Answer 48

interior of the endomembrane system

Question 49

What is the long structure that provides tracks for vesicle support and is present in cilia and flagella?

Answer 49

microtubule

Question 50

The role of the reaction center chlorophyll of a Photosystem is to . . .

Answer 50

lose electrons to the Electron Transport Chain

Question 51

In most green plants, chloroplasts are. . .

Answer 51

concentrated in the mesophyll cells

Question 52

Why doesn't yeast directly secrete the pyruvate?

Answer 52

The conversion is needed to regenerate NAD+ consumed during glycolysis

Question 53

A child is born with a rare disease in which the mitochondria are missing from skeletal muscle cells. However, the muscles still function. Physicians find that. . .

Answer 53

the muscles contain large amounts of lactate following even mild physical exercise

Question 54

Most functions of a cell membrane are performed by. . .

Answer 54

proteins

Question 55

During chemiosmosis. . .

Answer 55

ATP is synthesized when H+ ions move through a protein port provided by ATP synthase

Question 56

In a hypotonic solution, an animal cell will

Answer 56

lyse (burst)

Question 57

What does rubisco do?

Answer 57

adds CO2 to RuBP in the carbon fixation stage