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Musculoskeletal > Midterm Review > Flashcards

Midterm Review Flashcards

1
Q

motor neuron and all of the muscle cells/fibers it causes to contract

A

motor unit

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2
Q

muscle innervated by long thoracic nerve SUPERFICIALLY, and protracts scapula

A

serratus anterior m.

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3
Q

posterior portion of neurocranium is derived from?

A

mesodermal cells

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4
Q

flat bones often develop through what process?

A

intramembranous ossification

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5
Q

receptor protein on the t tubule that senses membrane depolarization

A

DHP

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6
Q

important AER signal molecule for limb outgrowth.

A

FGF8

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7
Q

Ventral ectoderm expresses ________ which inhibits Wnt7a and ________.

A

Engrailed-1, r-Fng

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8
Q

the __________ is used for proximo-distal patterning of limbs.

A

hox code

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9
Q

this nerve innervates the coracobrachialis, brachialis, and biceps brachii, and afferently innervates the skin of the lateral side of forearm

A

musculocutaneous n

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10
Q

superficial veins of upper limb?

A

cephalic, basilic, medial cubital

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11
Q

shoulder dislocations happen between what two structures?

A

glenoid fossa and the head of the humerus

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12
Q

tension constant, change in muscle length

A

isotonic

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13
Q

complete transverse fracture of the distal 2cm of the radius?

A

colles fracture

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14
Q

force = _______ and ______ relationship

A

velocity and frequency

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15
Q

lateral/medial rotation?

A

horizontal/transverse plane

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16
Q

tubelike bursae that wrap around tendons as they pass through fibro-osseous tunnels, protects tendons from all sides

A

tendon sheaths

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17
Q

musculoskeletal system comes from what two mesoderm lines?

A

lateral plate mesoderm and paraxial mesoderm

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18
Q

In formation of digits, what allows digits to form, and what causes cell death at interdigital regions?

A

AER causes digits to form, areas where AER regresses is where interdigital regions… happen

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19
Q

attachment of clavicle in scapula?

A

acromion process

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20
Q

attachment of ulna is _______ of the ________

A

trochlea of the humerus

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21
Q

digit IDENTITY (specificity) is patterned by what molecule? and how does it work?

A

SHH

highest concentration at pinky and less and less as it gets to thumb

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22
Q

first branchial arch derivatives?

A

LOTS OF MMMMMMMs

maxilla, mandible, meckels cartilage, muscles of mastication, mandibular n., maxillary n., maxillary artery

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23
Q

at the tip of the limb bud, this structure signals mesenchyme to proliferate and the limb grows:

A

apical ectodermal ridge (AER)

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24
Q

abduction and adduction is what plane?

A

frontal plane

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25
limbs develop at _______ week.
4th
26
genes that act as switches and control pattern formation during development
homeotic genes (HOX)
27
time when primary centers of ossification expand in diaphyses.
10 weeks
28
the less load means your muscles will have _______ velocity
faster
29
this nerve innervates most forearm flexors, and afferently innervates the radial half of palm and palmar side of lateral 3 digits
median nerve
30
force generated insufficient to over come resistance, fibers lengthen as they contract
eccentric isotonic
31
three parts of paraxial mesdoerm:
myotomes, sclerotomes, dermatomes
32
sac like structure similar to joint capsules, filled with fluid
bursae
33
extra digits usually caused by auto dominant inheritance...
polydactyly
34
sternocleidomastoid m. is too short. name?
torticollis (wry neck)
35
length at which fiber generates maximal isometric active tension is termed _____
optimal length/ L0
36
cross bridge activity will continue as long as _______ levels are elevated.
calcium
37
attachment of humerus in scapula?
glenoid fossa
38
membranous ossification in the neurocranium starts when? (and what is the entire time period?)
9th weeks (months 3-9)
39
muscle tension remains develops but muscle does not shorten, cross bridges bind to same actin molecule and sarcomere does not shorten
isometric
40
frontal portion of the neurocranium is derived from?
neural crest cells
41
narrowing of carpal tunnel
carpal tunnel syndrome
42
most common place for fractures to occur in the humerus?
anatomical neck
43
receptor on lateral sac of reticulum alters its conformation after DHP activation, and allows release of Ca2+
RyR
44
only rotator cuff muscle that is in the anteriorly placed?
subscapularis m
45
What day in development do somites appear in the mature gastrula?
19
46
synovial joints composed of ?
synovial membrane, synovial cavity with fluid, fibrous membrane
47
anterior concave space formed by the pisiform and hamate (ulnar side) and the scaphoid and trapezium (radial side).
carpal tunnel
48
four muscles of the rotator cuff muscles?
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis
49
time for Mesenchymal condensation for appendicular skeleton bones.
6 weeks
50
part of the lateral mesoderm that becomes limb skeleton:
somatic mesoderm
51
limb buds develop (what days?)
day 31-32
52
fetal alcohol syndrome causes?
cleft lip and palate
53
knock out of _______ results in no radius or ulna.
Hox11d
54
______ is required for detachment step of cross-bridge cycle.
ATP
55
the proximal radio-ulnar joint can undergo _______ ___ ______ _______ in young children.
subluxation of radial head
56
flexion/extension plane?
sagittal plane
57
upper arm nerves?
musculocutaneous, axillary, radial, median, ulnar (MARMU)
58
when is polydactyly NOT auto dominant, but is auto recessive instead
Ellis van Creveld syndrome
59
what does somatic mesoderm become?
limb skeleton
60
no relaxation between contractions, maximal tension, 3-5x greater than twitch
fused tetanus
61
most common site of carpal fracture?
scaphoid bone
62
Dorsal ectoderm expresses _______ and _______ which induces _______ for dorso-ventral patterning of limb.
Wnt7a and r-Fng, LMX1
63
rooflike covering of the flexor retinaculum, MEDIAN nerve passes through this
carpal tunnel
64
AC joint dislocation due to hard falls on shoulder or outstretched limb is also known as?
shoulder separation
65
if apoptosis doesnt proceed normally at the digits (at interdigit area), then they may be fused. name for this condition?
syndactyly
66
path of upper arm arteries?
subclavian, axillary, brachial, radius/ulna
67
what nerve passes through carpal tunnel?
median nerve
68
most stability in the elbow comes from the ____ _____ _____
ulnar collateral ligament
69
First part of development is 3-d polarity, followed by segmentation (somitogenesis), then _________ which is what Hox genes actually do work on.
segment IDENTITY
70
organogenesis period is at _______ week.
4th
71
force generated sufficient to overcome resistance
concentric isotonic
72
long bones often develop through what process?
endochondral ossification
73
length = ______ relationship
tension

Musculoskeletal (6 decks)

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