midterm review - fallacies

Question 1

fallacy

Answer 1

arguments with illogical or incomplete reasoning

Question 2

ad hominem

Answer 2

attacking an arguer instead of their argument
argument by sign

Question 3

ad hominem example

Answer 3

Trump wants to lower taxes, WOOOW! He’s rich.

Question 4

ad populum

Answer 4

an argument is strong because it is popular
argument by sign

Question 5

ad populum example

Answer 5

the US should nationalize healthcare bc most other western nations have

Question 6

dicto simpliciter

Answer 6

attempts to generalize with few examples
argument by example

Question 7

dicto simpliciter example

Answer 7

senior citizens should not be allowed to drive because my old aunt is a bad driver

Question 8

ad metum

Answer 8

use fear to generate audience adherence
argument by sign

Question 9

ad metum example

Answer 9

we should invade X country before they invade us

Question 10

ad misericordiam

Answer 10

appeal to pity
argument by sign

Question 11

ad misericordiam example

Answer 11

give me an A, a B will affect my transferability

Question 12

ad baculum

Answer 12

using threats of force/coercion to achieve adherence, rater than logic

Question 13

post hoc

Answer 13

cause/effect relationship based solely on order of occurrence
argument by cause

Question 14

post hoc example

Answer 14

Manson’s music causes violence bc a shooter listened to it before a massacre

Question 15

ad antiquitatum

Answer 15

appeal to tradition/old
argument by sign

Question 16

ad antiquitatum example

Answer 16

we shouldn’t get rid of the death penalty because we’ve always had it

Question 17

non sequitor

Answer 17

doesn’t follow/doesn’t belong

Question 18

ad novitatum

Answer 18

appeal to the new; something is good/bad bc it’s new
argument by sign

Question 19

ad novitatum example

Answer 19

take prof torres, she was just hired

Question 20

ad verecundium

Answer 20

use experts in one field to support claims in another field
argument by authority

Question 21

ad vericundium example

Answer 21

i’m a dog trainer. puppy mills should be illegal

Question 22

slippery slope

Answer 22

one action will lead to an unstoppable chain of events/effects
argument by cause

Question 23

slippery slope example

Answer 23

legalize marijuana –> legalize all drugs –> addiction

Question 24

strawman fallacy

Answer 24

opponent misquotes you to refute/make you unpopular

Question 25

strawman fallacy example

Answer 25

going easy on 3 strikes law = going soft on crime

Question 26

false dichotomy

Answer 26

presenting 2 choices, even though there are likely more

Question 27

false dichotomy example

Answer 27

either with us on war on crime or with terrorists

Question 28

shifting the burden of proof

Answer 28

saying a claim is true unless others can dispute it

Question 29

shifting the burden of proof example

Answer 29

im close to an A, bump it up no why don't i deserve an a?

Question 30

genetic fallacy

Answer 30

history/origin is more important than current meaning/context

Question 31

genetic fallacy example

Answer 31

don't use the phrase "rule of thumb" bc it used to mean how thick of a stock you could use to beat your wife

Question 32

tu quoque

Answer 32

discredit opponent's argument by asserting their failure to act in accordance with it's conclusions

Question 33

tu quoque example

Answer 33

parent who drinks/does drugs tells their kid not to "but you do it too!"

Question 34

sharpshooter fallacy

Answer 34

cherry picking examples argument by example

Question 35

begging the question

Answer 35

requiring the audience to accept the claim before evaluating the grounds

Question 36

association fallacy

Answer 36

being associated with something means you share their negative traits argument by sign

Question 37

sharpshooter fallacy example

Answer 37

claiming that power lines cause cancer bc some patients live near them

Question 38

begging the question example

Answer 38

1. believe there are aliens first 2. bc an alien abducted me

Question 39

association fallacy example

Answer 39

if you hang out with known gang members you are guilty of their crimes