midterm review- georeferencing

Question 1

list the 5 steps of map making

Answer 1

Selection
Simplification
exaggeration and displacement 
classification 
symbolization

Question 2

What is a topographic map and what is a thematic map?

Answer 2

Topographic map shows many natural and cultural geographic features
Thematic map has one interest

Question 3

List and the three types of thematic maps

Answer 3

Choropleth map
Area class map
Isoline map

Question 4

What are the 3 types of map scales?

Answer 4

Verbal statement
representative fraction
graphic scale

Question 5

Which scale shows area in greater detail? small or large?

Answer 5

large

Question 6

How many ft is in 1 second?

Answer 6

100

Question 7

How to convert minutes and seconds into decimal degrees and how many decimal digits of DD should we keep?

Answer 7

dd=Degree+ m’/60+s”/3600

keep 6 decimals.

Question 8

What is a geoid?

Answer 8

A mathematical figure of the earth’s surface.

Question 9

What is an ellipsoid?

Answer 9

3D model used to approximate the geoid.

Question 10

What is the latest global datum?

Answer 10

World Geodetic System 1984

Question 11

Name for deviation between geoid and reference ellipsoid.

Answer 11

geoid undulation

Question 12

Map projections are a system in which _on the _ _ of the Earth are displayed on a _ _ or surface according to some sets of rules

Answer 12

locations
curved surface
flat sheet

Question 13

Who created the Tissot’s Indicatrix

Answer 13

Nicolas Tissot

Question 14

What are the 3 map projection properties?

Answer 14

Equivalence
equidistance
conformality

Question 15

what are the 3 physical classes of map projection?

Answer 15

Cylindrical
Conic
Azimuthal/planar

Question 16

What are the 3 aspects of map projections?

Answer 16

Normal (parallel)
Transverse (perpendicular)
Oblique (other)

Question 17

Is it possible for equidistant maps to have the correct distance both along the meridians and the parallels?

Answer 17

No

Question 18

What does an equivalent map represent correctly?

Answer 18

area sizes

Question 19

Which map projection is good for navigation?

Answer 19

Conformal

Question 20

Which projection have right angel intersections for meridians and parallels?

Answer 20

Conformal.

Question 21

What are great circle paths? and on what projection are they shown are straight lines?

Answer 21

Shortest routes between points on a sphere. Gnomonic.

Question 22

What are rhumb lines? and what projection has them?

Answer 22

Lines of constant direction. Mercator.

Question 23

What’s the term for when a projection surface is tangent or secant at the equator? what about at the pole?

Answer 23

Equatorial. Polar.

Question 24

what are the 3 criteria for choosing a map projection?

Answer 24

shape and size of area
position of the area
purpose of the map

Question 25

Physical class should be based on what? To minimise distortion, what physical class would you choose for a small circular area? what about a large rectangular area? and a triangular area?

Answer 25

based on shape and size of geographical area mapped. | azimuthal. cylindrical. conic.

Question 26

When selecting aspect, it is optimal for the projection centre to coincide with the _ of the area, or when the _ _ is located along the _ _ of the area to be mapped.

Answer 26

centre projection plane main axis

Question 27

The property of the projection is selected based on the _ of the map

Answer 27

purpose

Question 28

The cylindrical projections can either be _ to the globe along a _ circle, or _ to the globe along 2 _ circles.

Answer 28

tangent, great. | secant, small

Question 29

for cylindrical projections, distortion _ with distance from _ _

Answer 29

increases | standard lines

Question 30

_ _ is useful for projections of mid-latitude regions.

Answer 30

Conic projection

Question 31

Cone _ to globe along 1 small circle or _ along 2.

Answer 31

tangent | secant

Question 32

_ _ is useful for polar regions or small areas with equal N-S and E-W extent

Answer 32

azimuthal projections

Question 33

Give an example of a conic conformal projection, a cylinder conformal projection, a conic equivalent projection, and an azimuthal equivalent projection

Answer 33

Lambert conformal- used in north america because of distortion below the equator Mercator- distortion in north and south poles. Albers equal area- scale true along standard parallels. Lambert equivalent

Question 34

_ _ _ projection is widely accepted for topographic mapping purposes

Answer 34

Universal Transverse Mercator