Midterm reviewer Flashcards
(50 cards)
1
Q
- Who established the first psychological clinic in 1896?
a) Sigmund Freud
b) Wilhelm Wundt
c) Lightner Witmer
d) Carl Jung
A
- Who established the first psychological clinic in 1896?
a) Sigmund Freud
b) Wilhelm Wundt
c) Lightner Witmer
d) Carl Jung
2
Q
- Which model of clinical psychology emphasizes research more than practice and requires a Ph.D.?
a) Practitioner-Scholar Model
b) Scientist-Practitioner Model
c) Eclectic Approach
d) Psychiatrist Model
A
Answer: b) Scientist-Practitioner Model
3
Q
- A clinical psychologist uses techniques from cognitive-behavioral therapy and psychodynamic therapy to treat a patient. This approach is best described as:
a) Eclectic Approach
b) Scientist-Practitioner Approach
c) Psychoanalytic Approach
d) Humanistic Approach
A
Answer: a) Eclectic Approach
4
Q
- What year was the term “clinical psychology” first introduced by Lightner Witmer?
a) 1896
b) 1907
c) 1914
d) 1917
A
Answer: b) 1907
5
Q
- Which mental health professional is most likely to prescribe medication?
a) Counseling Psychologist
b) Psychiatrist
c) Clinical Social Worker
d) School Psychologist
A
Answer: b) Psychiatrist
6
Q
- A clinical psychologist focusing on moderate life adjustments for a patient struggling with a breakup most likely aligns with which profession?
a) Psychiatrist
b) Counseling Psychologist
c) School Psychologist
d) Rehabilitation Psychologist
A
Answer: b) Counseling Psychologist
7
Q
- By 1914, how many psychological clinics were established in the United States?
a) 10
b) 15
c) 26
d) 50
A
Answer: c) 26
8
Q
- A school psychologist works with teachers to develop interventions for a student with ADHD. What is the primary role being demonstrated?
a) Diagnosing mental illnesses
b) Administering psychotherapy
c) Addressing educational policy
d) Evaluating and addressing special needs
A
Answer: d) Evaluating and addressing special needs
9
Q
- Which organization was formed first?
a) American Psychological Association (APA)
b) American Association of Clinical Psychology
c) National Institute of Mental Health
d) American Counseling Association
A
Answer: b) American Association of Clinical Psychology
10
Q
- The Boulder Model emphasizes:
a) Specialized practice in treating mental disorders
b) Research-focused training for clinical psychologists
c) Interdisciplinary collaboration
d) Diagnosis of rare psychological disorders
A
Answer: b) Research-focused training for clinical psychologists
11
Q
- In 1919, which organization absorbed the American Association of Clinical Psychology?
a) National Psychological Association
b) American Psychological Association
c) Clinical Psychology Society
d) National Mental Health Alliance
A
Answer: b) American Psychological Association
12
Q
- A clinical social worker is likely to:
a) Diagnose severe psychological disorders
b) Prescribe antidepressants for depression
c) Address environmental challenges in a patient’s life
d) Teach cognitive-behavioral therapy techniques
A
Answer: c) Address environmental challenges in a patient’s life
13
Q
- What distinguishes a practitioner-scholar model from a scientist-practitioner model?
a) Use of talk therapy
b) Emphasis on practice over research
c) Required licensing exams
d) Focus on child psychology
A
Answer: b) Emphasis on practice over research
14
Q
- A rehabilitation psychologist works with a patient who recently became paralyzed due to an accident. What is their primary focus?
a) Medication management
b) Coping with disability and its psychological impacts
c) Addressing workplace policy
d) Special education interventions
A
Answer: b) Coping with disability and its psychological impacts
15
Q
- Which mental health professional is most involved in managing school policies affecting children with special needs?
a) Psychiatric Nurse
b) School Psychologist
c) Counseling Psychologist
d) Paraprofessional
A
Answer: b) School Psychologist
16
Q
- A patient is experiencing severe schizophrenia. Which professional would be most appropriate to treat them with medication?
a) Psychiatrist
b) Clinical Social Worker
c) Rehabilitation Psychologist
d) Counseling Psychologist
A
Answer: a) Psychiatrist
17
Q
- What was the main contribution of the American Association of Clinical Psychology in 1917?
a) Defining the field of psychiatry
b) Standardizing clinical training
c) Establishing clinical psychology as a formal profession
d) Creating a universal diagnostic system
A
Answer: c) Establishing clinical psychology as a formal profession
18
Q
- Psychiatric nurses primarily:
a) Provide daily updates to doctors about patients
b) Focus on family therapy sessions
c) Evaluate and treat mild mental illnesses
d) Prescribe psychotropic medications
A
answer: a) Provide daily updates to doctors about patients
19
Q
- Which approach combines several treatment modalities to tailor therapy to the patient’s needs?
a) Humanistic Approach
b) Psychoanalytic Approach
c) Eclectic Approach
d) Cognitive-Behavioral Approach
A
Answer: c) Eclectic Approach
20
Q
- Which model requires a Psy.D degree?
a) Scientist-Practitioner Model
b) Practitioner-Scholar Model
c) Psychiatric Practitioner Model
d) Psychosocial Model
A
Answer: b) Practitioner-Scholar Model
21
Q
- What distinguishes clinical psychologists from psychiatrists in their approach to treatment?
a) Clinical psychologists focus on prescribing medications, while psychiatrists rely solely on psychotherapy.
b) Clinical psychologists specialize in psychotherapy, while psychiatrists emphasize medication management.
c) Both clinical psychologists and psychiatrists primarily focus on environmental factors.
d) Clinical psychologists treat only children, whereas psychiatrists treat adults.
A
Answer: b) Clinical psychologists specialize in psychotherapy, while psychiatrists emphasize medication management.
22
Q
- The eclectic approach in clinical psychology is most effective when:
a) A single therapeutic modality is applied uniformly across patients.
b) Therapists use intuition instead of evidence-based practices.
c) Multiple therapeutic approaches are adapted to meet specific patient needs.
d) The patient’s disorder is purely biological in origin.
A
Answer: c) Multiple therapeutic approaches are adapted to meet specific patient needs.
23
Q
- Which of the following scenarios would most likely require the expertise of a clinical social worker?
a) Developing a medication regimen for bipolar disorder.
b) Assisting a homeless patient in finding housing and addressing trauma.
c) Administering psychological assessments for learning disabilities.
d) Providing therapy for couples experiencing relational conflict.
A
Answer: b) Assisting a homeless patient in finding housing and addressing trauma.
24
Q
- In the Boulder Model, why is the Ph.D. preferred over other degrees?
a) It focuses exclusively on teaching therapy techniques.
b) It integrates research and clinical practice to train well-rounded psychologists.
c) It allows graduates to bypass licensing exams.
d) It emphasizes administrative roles in mental health institutions.
A
Answer: b) It integrates research and clinical practice to train well-rounded psychologists.
25
25. Who would likely oversee the implementation of interventions for a child diagnosed with autism in a classroom setting?
a) Psychiatric Nurse
b) School Psychologist
c) Rehabilitation Psychologist
d) Paraprofessional
Answer: b) School Psychologist
26
26. A patient recovering from spinal cord injury is struggling with depression and identity loss. Which professional is most suited to address this?
a) Psychiatrist
b) Counseling Psychologist
c) Rehabilitation Psychologist
d) Clinical Social Worker
Answer: c) Rehabilitation Psychologist
27
27. Which of the following is NOT a key role of a psychiatric nurse?
a) Monitoring patients in a therapeutic setting.
b) Reporting clinical observations to psychiatrists.
c) Administering psychotherapy sessions.
d) Supporting a safe and structured environment.
Answer: c) Administering psychotherapy sessions.
28
28. What critical development in 1919 contributed to the growth of clinical psychology in the United States?
a) The establishment of the first psychiatric residency program.
b) The merger of the American Association of Clinical Psychology into the APA.
c) The standardization of psychotherapy techniques.
d) The development of a national diagnostic manual for mental disorders.
Answer: b) The merger of the American Association of Clinical Psychology into the APA.
29
29. A paraprofessional working in a mental health clinic is most likely to:
a) Diagnose and treat severe psychiatric disorders.
b) Assist licensed psychologists by facilitating group therapy sessions.
c) Prescribe medications under supervision.
d) Conduct independent research on mental health interventions.
Answer: b) Assist licensed psychologists by facilitating group therapy sessions.
30
30. The Vail Model was developed primarily to:
a) Emphasize research proficiency in clinical training.
b) Create a practice-focused alternative to the Ph.D. in psychology.
c) Replace the Boulder Model in academic programs.
d) Introduce a standardized approach to child psychology.
Answer: b) Create a practice-focused alternative to the Ph.D. in psychology.
31
31. Which professional would best help a family navigate the complexities of a child’s behavioral diagnosis and educational placement?
a) Psychiatrist
b) School Psychologist
c) Clinical Social Worker
d) Counseling Psychologist
Answer: b) School Psychologist
32
32. The concept of combining medication management and environmental interventions is most aligned with which professional?
a) Psychiatrist
b) Counseling Psychologist
c) Clinical Social Worker
d) Psychiatric Nurse
Answer: c) Clinical Social Worker
33
33. A primary limitation of the eclectic approach is:
a) Its lack of flexibility in integrating various therapeutic modalities.
b) The challenge of ensuring the evidence base for combined techniques.
c) The absence of any standardized methods for practice.
d) Its sole focus on biological explanations of mental illness.
Answer: b) The challenge of ensuring the evidence base for combined techniques.
34
34. What key contribution did Lightner Witmer provide to modern clinical psychology?
a) He introduced standardized IQ tests.
b) He founded the first psychological clinic and formalized the term “clinical psychology.”
c) He developed the Boulder Model for training psychologists.
d) He created the DSM classification system.
Answer: b) He founded the first psychological clinic and formalized the term “clinical psychology.”
35
35. A counseling psychologist is LEAST likely to treat which of the following?
a) Mild anxiety stemming from academic pressure
b) Adjustment challenges after a career change
c) Severe psychosis requiring antipsychotic medication
d) Moderate relational conflicts in a marriage
Answer: c) Severe psychosis requiring antipsychotic medication
36
36. How does the Boulder Model differ fundamentally from the Vail Model?
a) The Boulder Model emphasizes clinical expertise, while the Vail Model emphasizes research.
b) The Boulder Model integrates research and practice, while the Vail Model prioritizes practice.
c) The Boulder Model was designed exclusively for psychiatrists, whereas the Vail Model was for psychologists.
d) Both models are identical in philosophy but differ in degree requirements.
Answer: b) The Boulder Model integrates research and practice, while the Vail Model prioritizes practice.
37
37. Which professional focuses primarily on social and environmental factors impacting mental health rather than on direct diagnosis?
a) Psychiatrist
b) Clinical Social Worker
c) Rehabilitation Psychologist
d) Psychiatric Nurse
Answer: b) Clinical Social Worker
38
38. In the context of school settings, what is a critical responsibility of a school psychologist?
a) Administering therapy for trauma-related disorders.
b) Creating and implementing behavioral interventions for students.
c) Diagnosing schizophrenia in adolescents.
d) Prescribing medication for ADHD.
Answer: b) Creating and implementing behavioral interventions for students.
39
39. The first formal use of talk therapy in clinical psychology occurred as part of:
a) Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis.
b) The establishment of psychological clinics in the U.S.
c) Cognitive-behavioral therapy methods.
d) Psychiatric nursing programs.
Answer: a) Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis.
40
40. Why is the 1917 formation of the American Association of Clinical Psychology historically significant?
a) It established minimum training standards for clinical psychologists.
b) It introduced psychotherapy as a formal treatment method.
c) It advocated for the first psychiatric residency programs.
d) It created the first international diagnostic criteria.
Answer: a) It established minimum training standards for clinical psychologists.
41
41. Which of the following best explains the main difference between a clinical psychologist and a counseling psychologist?
a) Clinical psychologists focus primarily on mild mental health concerns, whereas counseling psychologists specialize in severe mental illnesses.
b) Clinical psychologists address severe psychopathology, while counseling psychologists assist individuals with life adjustments and moderately maladjusted behavior.
c) Clinical psychologists are licensed to prescribe medication, while counseling psychologists are not.
d) Clinical psychologists focus solely on research, while counseling psychologists focus exclusively on therapy.
Answer: b) Clinical psychologists address severe psychopathology, while counseling psychologists assist individuals with life adjustments and moderately maladjusted behavior.
42
2. A practitioner is trained in the Vail Model of clinical psychology. Which of the following would best describe their likely professional focus?
a) They spend most of their time conducting experimental research on psychopathology.
b) They specialize in applying evidence-based therapeutic techniques in practice.
c) They focus on policy creation for national mental health systems.
d) They conduct large-scale meta-analyses in academic settings.
Answer: b) They specialize in applying evidence-based therapeutic techniques in practice.
43
43. In 1896, Lightner Witmer opened the first psychological clinic. What was its initial primary focus?
a) Psychoanalysis for adults with severe mental disorders
b) Addressing educational and behavioral issues in children
c) Treating veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder
d) Providing therapy for mood disorders
Answer: b) Addressing educational and behavioral issues in children
44
44. What is one major challenge of adopting an eclectic approach in clinical psychology?
a) It limits the application of cognitive-behavioral techniques.
b) It increases the risk of prioritizing theory over patient needs.
c) It requires the clinician to have extensive knowledge across multiple therapeutic modalities.
d) It is incompatible with evidence-based treatment.
Answer: c) It requires the clinician to have extensive knowledge across multiple therapeutic modalities.
45
45. Which mental health professional would most likely address the social stigma associated with a patient’s HIV diagnosis and coordinate community resources?
a) Psychiatrist
b) Clinical Social Worker
c) Rehabilitation Psychologist
d) Counseling Psychologist
Answer: b) Clinical Social Worker
46
46. A patient with treatment-resistant depression is being considered for electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Which professional would likely oversee this intervention?
a) Psychiatric Nurse
b) Counseling Psychologist
c) Psychiatrist
d) Clinical Social Worker
Answer: c) Psychiatrist
47
47. In which scenario would a school psychologist most likely intervene?
a) A child with dyslexia struggling academically and socially in class
b) An adult with generalized anxiety disorder seeking job placement support
c) A family seeking therapy for relational conflicts
d) A college student considering treatment options for bipolar disorder
Answer: a) A child with dyslexia struggling academically and socially in class
48
48. Which of the following represents a limitation of the Scientist-Practitioner Model in training clinical psychologists?
a) It overemphasizes clinical practice at the expense of research.
b) It lacks a focus on the integration of theory and application.
c) It prioritizes research proficiency, often at the cost of clinical skill development.
d) It does not prepare graduates to work in academic research settings.
Answer: c) It prioritizes research proficiency, often at the cost of clinical skill development.
49
49. A paraprofessional working in a mental health setting is LEAST likely to:
a) Support patients in group therapy sessions.
b) Perform administrative tasks to aid licensed psychologists.
c) Conduct independent psychological assessments.
d) Assist with crisis interventions under supervision.
Answer: c) Conduct independent psychological assessments.
50
50. Which organization was critical in merging scientific research and clinical practice within psychology in the early 20th century?
a) The National Mental Health Alliance
b) American Association of Clinical Psychology
c) The American Psychological Association (APA)
d) International Society of Mental Health Professionals
Answer: c) The American Psychological Association (APA)
