Midterm Reviews and Short Answer Flashcards
(98 cards)
1
Q
What is the first airway to enter at the hilum?
A
primary bronchi
2
Q
What is the last part of the airway with cartilage?
A
Tertiary (segmental)
3
Q
What surface of the lung faces the heart?
A
mediastinal
4
Q
Each segmental bronchial contains?
A
Bronchopulmonary
5
Q
What is the relaxed state of the diaphragm?
A
moves superiorly and returns to dome-like shape
6
Q
what are the attachments of the diaphragm?
A
sternal, costal, lumbar
7
Q
what is the innervation of diaphragm?
A
phrenic nerve
8
Q
What are the true, false and floating ribs?
A
True 1-7
false 8-10
floating 11-12
9
Q
What are the main muscles of inspiration?
A
external intercostals and diaphragm
10
Q
What are accessory muscles to inspiration?
A
sternocleidomastoid, scalene, trapezius
11
Q
What is the landmark where the manubrium and the body of the sternum meet?
A
sternal angle
12
Q
What ligament connects the head of the ribs to the bodies of the vertebrae?
A
radiate ligament
13
Q
What branches of the aortic arch originates in the superior mediastinum?
A
brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery
14
Q
What arteries are branches of the ascending aorta?
A
right and left coronary arteries
15
Q
What surface of the heart rests on the diaphragm?
A
inferior surface
16
Q
What makes up the posterior surface of the heart?
A
the left atrium
17
Q
What are the major grooves of the heart?
A
coronary, anterior interventricular and posterior interventricular sulci
18
Q
What is the crista terminalis?
A
- Is a smooth muscular ridge in the superior portion of the right atrium
- It divides the musculi pectinati and the right atrial appendage from the smooth surface of the
right atrium - provides anatomical separation the orifices of the IVC and the Coronary sinus
19
Q
Where is the fossa Ovalis located?
A
The interatrial atrium (right atrium)
20
Q
Where do the left and right kidney span?
A
Left: T12-L3
Right: L1-L4
21
Q
What are contents of the renal sinus?
A
renal pelvis, renal arteries and nerves, major and minor calices
22
Q
What vessels run alongside the abdominal part of the ureter?
A
gonadal arteries
23
Q
The ureters open to the bladder where?
A
Trigone of Bladder
24
Q
The kidneys are highly responsive to what?
A
Sympathetic Innervation
25
Where does the hepatopancreatic ampulla open into?
the descending limb of the duodenum
26
The stomach gets blood supply from what arteries?
celiac artery, L+R gastric, gastro-omental
27
What part of the duodenum is not intraperitoneal?
Inferior limb
28
What are the branches of the internal iliac artery?
iliolumbar, gluteal arteries, lat sacral arteries, obturator, internal pudendal, vescial, uterine, mid rectal arteries
29
What are the components of the pelvic diaphragm?
puborectalis, pubococcygeus, coccygeus
30
What muscle aponeuroses form the posterior layer of the abdomen?
internal oblique and transversus abdominis
31
Tendonis Arch provides attachment for what muscles?
puborectalis, pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus
32
Anal canal doesn't receive autonomic innervation from?
Celiac ganglion
33
what is the most likely diagnosis if a patient comes in with a runny nose and unable to smell?
Possible ethmoid fracture causing damage to the olfactory nerve resulting in anosmia
34
what is the most likely diagnosis if a patient comes in with a ear infection and inability to form facial expressions?
Facial nerve is being affected as it passes through the middle ear (facial canal) patient may have bell's palsy (facial N. becomes inflamed due to viral infection)
35
A patient comes in with loss of hearing what could be damaged?
- tensor tympani, stapedius muscles
- malleus, incus and stapes
36
what is the most likely diagnosis if a patient comes in with impaired peripheral vison?
Damage to sella turcia, resulting in lesions in the pituitary gland and damage to the optic chasim
37
Where does a spinal tap occur and why?
It is performed after L2, typically in between L3-L4
This is because the spinal cord ends at L2 so it prevents injury to the spinal cord
38
What are the structures involved in a inguinal hernia?
inguinal canal, the deep and superficial rings are at most risk to damage and where inguinal hernias will most likely occur
39
If a patient experienced a block in right or left coronary arteries what structures would be affected?
Right artery- right ventricle and atrium
- PDA
- Marginal artery
Left artery- left ventricle and atrium
- LDA
- circumflex artery
40
What structure is known as the false vocal cord?
Vestibular ligament
41
What structure is known as the true vocal cord?
Cricothyroid ligament
42
What muscles are innervated by the hypoglossal nerve?
styloglossus, transverse, vertical, superior longitudinal muscles
43
what muscle is not innervated by the hypoglossal?
palatoglossus
44
What gives rise to the maxillary artery?
external carotid artery
45
What muscle does elevation and adduction of the eye?
superior rectus
46
What covers the hair cells on the organ of corti?
tectorial membrane
47
what masticatory muscle consists of a superior and inferior head?
lateral pterygoid
48
what muscles close the jaw?
masseter
medial pterygoid
temporalis
49
What structure changes shape by the ciliary muscles, adjusting amount of light that enters the eye?
lens
50
What papillae has a purely mechanical role?
filiform
51
What muscle has an attachment to the pterygomandibular raphe?
superior pharyngeal constrictor
52
What makes the superior border of the muscular triangle of neck?
hyoid bone
53
Where do the fibres of the temporalis insert?
coronoid process
54
What part of pharynx has the palatoglossal arch as it's anterior landmark?
oropharynx
55
what muscles connects the hyoid bone to the base of the skull?
stylohyoid
56
Where dos the aqueous humour of the eye drain into?
schlemms canal
57
What muscle does not assist in mastication?
zygomaticus minor
58
what muscles does the oculomotor nerve innervate?
levator palpebrae superiors
inferior oblique
middle rectus
inferior rectus
59
where are the highest amount of cones located in the eye?
Macula lutea
60
what muscles move tongue for chewing?
genioglossus
hyoglossus
styloglossus
palatoglossus
61
What muscle creates posterior boundary of submandibular triangle?
stylohyoid
62
what muscles have an inferior attachment of the angle and ramus of mandible and elevate the mandible?
masseter and medial pterygoid
63
What is not true about the sternocleidomastoid?
a- attaches the superior nuchal line
b- attaches the base of the mastoid process
c- can extend and laterally rotate the head
d- bounds the posterior triangle of the neck anteriorly
e- receives motor innervation via T1-T3
E
64
What cranial nerve supplies muscles of facial expression?
CN VII
65
What structure runs through the anterior part of the carotid sheath?
ansa cervicalis (never heard of this in my life but also didnt go to class so..)
66
what space receives the opening of the lacrimal duct?
superior nasal meatus
67
what artery is in the cavernous sinus?
internal carotid
68
what muscle abducts the rima glottidis?
lateral cricoarytenoid muscle
69
What are the components of the larynx?
thyroid cartilage, arytenoid cartilage, corniculate cartilage, cricoid cartilage
70
What is not true about the nasal cavity?
a- middle meatus drains the sphenoid air sinus
b- middle meatus drains the anterior and middle ethmoid sinuses
c- the superior meatus drains the posterior ethmoid sinus
d- the vomer and perpendicular plate of ethmoid are the bony components of the nasal septum
e- the lateral nasal walls are formed by the maxilla, ethmoid and palatine bones
A
71
What structure is the saddle-shaped cavity found within the body of the sphenoid and guards the pituitary gland?
the sella turcica
72
The optic canal travels through the medial portion of which part of the sphenoid?
lesser wing
73
which bone makes up most of the middle part of the base of the skull and contributes to the floor of the middle cranial fossa?
Sphenoid bone
74
The zygomatic process of the maxillary bone extends laterally and articulates with what bone?
Zygomatic bone
75
Which cranial bone is the only one that articulates with the cervical spine?
Occipital bone
76
All of the following bones contain paranasal sinuses except?
a- sphenoid
b-ethmoid
c- maxilla
d- frontal bone
e- palatine bone
e
77
Which part of the temporal bone is a hard pyramidal-shaped structure and contains organs of hearing?
petrous part of temporal bone
78
Which part of the ethmoid bone lies within the ethmoidal notch of the frontal bone and forms the roof of the nasal cavity?
cribriform plate of ethmoid
79
All of the following contribute to the nasal septum but?
a- palatine bone
b- vomer
c- nasal septal cartilage
d- perpendicular plate of ethmoid
e- none
A
80
What is a spike-like projection form the inferior aspect of the temporal bone?
styloid process
81
What bones form the skull cap?
parietal
temporal
frontal
occipital
82
What suture runs horizontally between the occipital bone and the parietal bones?
lamboid suture
83
what bones articulate with the greater wing of the sphenoid?
parietal
temporal
84
What bone is the foramen spinosum located?
greater wing of sphenoid
85
Which two bones does the transverse palatine suture extend?
maxilla and palatine bones
86
which of the following is an unpaired bone that separates the nasal cavity from the brain?
ethmoid bine
87
the teeth of the lower jaw reside in which anatomical structure?
alveolar process of mandible
88
which part of the maxillary bone forms the anterior two thirds of the hard palate?
palatine process of maxilla
89
Which canal is found in the side walls of the foramen magnum?
hypoglossal canal
90
what structures are the kidney-shaped prominences that articulate with the first cervical vertebra?
occipital condyles
91
The anterior fontanelle is located at the junction of which two bones?
frontal and parietal
92
which of the following landmarks of the ethmoid bone are midline structures?
crista galli
93
This bone contributes to the lateral surfaces of the nasal cavity:
ethmoid bone
94
All of the following are part of the ethmoid bone except?
a- crista galli
b- cribriform plate
c- olfactory foramina
d- inferior nasal conchae
e- superior nasal conchae
D
95
which is false about the hyoid?
a- has a perpendicular plate
b- contains a foramen for the passage of a cranial nerve
c- articulates with the sphenoid
d- articulates with the mandible
e- all of the above
E
96
The major bones on either side of the coronal suture are what?
frontal and parietal
97
the mastoid process is a feature of what bone?
temporal
98
This facial bone contributes to the formation of the hard palate:
Maxilla
