Midterm Short Answer Questions Flashcards
(46 cards)
Who provides the recommendations to the hospitals infection control department when new policies are developed?
Centres for Disease Control and Prevention
CDC
How often are reports published by the CDC?
Weekly reports and an annual surveillance summary report
3 things emerging diseases include?
- New diseases appearing in the population
- Existing ones that are rapidly increasing in incidence or geographic range
- Resurgent or recurrent old diseases caused by an old or mutated pathogen
List the 8 factors that precipitate to disease emergence
- Increased human exposure to vectors in nature
- Population growth and migration to crowed cities
- Rapid international travel and transportation of goods
- Contact with new strains of dangerous pathogens
- Pathogen mutation caused by over-utilization of anti Microbial agents
- Breakdowns in public health measures
- Climate change
- Bioterroism
What are the 2 causes for the cholera outbreaks in South America and Africa?
Poor sanitation and insufficient chlorine levels
Where did the immigrants that reintroduced diphtheria into the USA come from?
Soviet Union, Russian immagrants
Name the disease emergence responsible for the 1993 Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
6 year drought followed by a mild, wet winter and spring.
These conditions lead to an increase in the number of deer mice.
-Contracted by inhaling dust containing particles of droppings
List the 7 signs and symptoms of Dengue Fever
- high fever
- headache
- muscle and joint aches
- malaise
- rash
- hemorrhage
- shock
What is the vector for Lyme disease?
Reforestation increases populations of deer and deer ticks
Which disease emergence is responsible for the spread of “‘once localized” infections such as HIV?
Human Migration
In 2001 terrorists caused an outbreak of which disease in the US?
Anthrax
What was the source of the SARS outbreak to North America in 2003?
Travelers from Asia
List the reason the influenza is so successful
Mutates rapidly resulting in many different strains
Which flu in 2009 was a vaccine developed for?
Swine Flu
Unpasteurized apple juice and contaminated spinach is linked to causing which E.coli?
E.coli 0157:H7
In June 2011, a deadly strain of E.coli caused deaths in Germany. Which countries were linked to this strain as well?
USA, Egypt
The E.coli 104:H4 has a trait that produces a toxin that causes kidney failure. What is the name of that toxin?
Shiga Toxin
Where did the 2014 multi-country outbreak of Ebola occur?
West Africa
List 3 ways Ebola can spread
- Blood and body fluids
- Objects contaminated with virus
- Infected fruit bats or primates
How many days after exposure does the Ebola flu like signs and symptoms appear in an infected person?
2-21 days
Is there a vaccine for Ebola?
NO
List the 2 methods that help prevent contracting the Ebola Virus
- Proper use of personal protective equipment
2. Disinfection protocols
What is another term used for nosocomial infections?
Hospital acquired infections
List the 3 typical HAI’s source of infection
- Contaminated hands of health care providers
- Contaminated instruments
- Urinary catheters,ventilators,central line, surgical sites which can allow microbes to gain easy entrance into the body
