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Rhetorical Arts > Midterm Study Guide > Flashcards

Midterm Study Guide Flashcards

(86 cards)

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1
Q

What is competence?

A

ability; being ethically appropriate and effective; other-oriented; maintain own integrity while taking into account where your communication partner is

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2
Q

Unconscious incompetence

A

unaware of how “bad” you are

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3
Q

Conscious incompetence

A

aware of how “bad” you are

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4
Q

Conscious competence

A

aware of process of doing something well; “know you have to try”

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5
Q

Unconscious competence

A

good at something without putting thought into it

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6
Q

Communication

A

informational transaction with mutual influence; make sense of the world through verbal and nonverbal messages

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7
Q

Interpersonal vs. impersonal

A

interpersonal: builds relationships; impersonal: transactional

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8
Q

Intrapersonal vs. Interpersonal

A

intrapersonal: thoughts in head, inner voice; interpersonal: using voice, another person to interact with

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9
Q

Small group

A

3-15 people, “mob” mentality, group based theories

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10
Q

Public address

A

15+ people, classroom, live presentation/communication

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11
Q

Mass communication

A

replayed (news, articles, youtube), uncountable numbers

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12
Q

What is the importance of study?

A

communication is always present, influences our needs, helps to navigate issues (family, romance, friends, workplace)

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13
Q

Early model of communication

A

one way event: sender “does” communication to another person

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14
Q

Later model of communicaiton

A

tennis game: sender & receiver exchange messages and respond with verbal and nonverbal feedback

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15
Q

Linear model of communication

A

one-way communication; sender gives message and receiver absorbs it

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16
Q

Interactive communication

A

two-way communication; sending and receiving feedback

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17
Q

Transactional communication

A

simultaneous event

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18
Q

Principles of communication

A

connects us, irreversible, complicated, meta-communication, rule governed

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19
Q

What is EMC?

A

electronically mediated communication

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20
Q

Cues-Filtered-Out Theory

A

textual expressions is highly limited; less likely to manage relationships with EMC than FtF (face to face); emotions are not communicated as effectively due to nonverbals being “filtered out”

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21
Q

Media Richness Theory

A

amount of information in a channel is based on: possible feedback, cues we can convey, variety of language used, potential for expression

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22
Q

Social Information Processing Theory

A

can communicate the same messages and meaning via EMC; EMC takes longer

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23
Q

Defining rhetoric

A

understood as human symbolic use; meaning derived from symbols; “things” are not their symbols

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24
Q

Symbol vs. sign

A

symbol: chosen representations, referencing something tangible; sign: NOT conscious choices, physiological need; both can have meaning assigned to them

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25
Corax
founder of rhetoric; created speech structure (introduction, argument, conclusion)
26
Tisias
student of Corax; introduced rhetoric to mainland Greece;
27
Ontology
the study of being/reality/existance
28
Axiology
the study of value
29
Epistemology
the study of knowledge
30
Sophist vs. Rhetorician
sophist: charged for their work of arguing; bad reputation rhetorician: did not charge for their work; neutral reputation
31
Pre-rhetoricians
Corax: the founder; Socrates: teacher of Plato; Plato: philosopher who hated sophists
32
Rhetoricians
Aristotle: Plato's student; defines rhetoric used today
33
Sophists
Tisias: first sophist; Gorgias: sophistic teacher of rhetoric
34
What is the trilema?
reality does not exist, IF reality existed we would not understand it, IF SOMEHOW we understood it, we could not communicate it
35
Canons of rhetoric
delivery; arrangement; invention; memorization; style
36
Ethos
ethics and character
37
Pathos
emotions and passion
38
Logos
logic and reason
39
Views are:
impartial; incomplete; unique
40
Demographics
outward visible features and characteristics
41
Gender
social characterizations of what makes us man or woman
42
Psychological
internal mental characteristics
43
Self
the sum of who a person is; their inner force
44
Self-concept
a subjective description; (innermost to outermost) values--->beliefs--->attitudes--->needs
45
Attitude
learned predisposition; responding positively or not
46
Belief
how you understand reality; true and false
47
Value
enduring concepts of right and wrong
48
Needs
important deficiencies we are motivated to fulfill
49
Mindfulness
thinking consciously about what you are doing and experiencing
50
Subjective self-awareness
understanding that you are a unique person
51
Objective self-awareness
to be aware of one's own state of mind
52
Symbolic self-awareness
unique human ability to think about oneself and use symbolic representation
53
Material self
physical things
54
Social self
interactions with others; changes based on roles
55
Spiritual self
the inward reflections of values, morals, and beliefs
56
How much of speeches should be intro and conclusion?
10% -15% each or 20% -30% total
57
Hearing vs. Listening
hearing: physiological process of sound waves hitting your ear drum and causing vibrations; listening: the process of making sense of another's spoken message
58
Comprehensive listening
understanding and remembering important information
59
Empathetic listening
understanding the emotions and feelings of another
60
Appreciative listening
informed listening for interpretation
61
Critical listening
evaluative regarding validity and logic
62
Ethics
deal with what is "right" and what is "moral"
63
Utilitarianism
good is what is best for the largest population
64
Pragmatism
good depends on the outcome
65
Categorical imperative
good is what everyone else would do
66
Existentialism
good is free choice but we are responsible for our actions
67
Types of credibility
initial: beginning/before speech; derived: processed during speech; terminal: end of speech
68
Primary sources
original, unaltered, and direct from the author, rhetor, researcher, etc.
69
Secondary sources
a different party interprets and/or analyzes one (or several) primary sources
70
Steps of organization
grouping, labeling, ordering
71
Grouping
putting stuff into "piles"
72
Labeling
making known what those "piles" are
73
Ordering
putting the "piles" in places based on judgement
74
Organizational patterns
chronological, spatial, topical, cause & effect, problem-solution & problem-cause-solution
75
Chronological pattern
past, present, future
76
Spatial pattern
directional movement in space; some sort of "theme"
77
Topical pattern
arguably "every" pattern; used when nothing else quite fits
78
Cause & Effect pattern
cause: explains things that will directly turn into others; effect: explains the outcomes associated to an act, event, etc. cause & effect: explains something that triggers something else
79
Problem-Solution/Problem-Cause-Solution pattern
explains something is wrong and how to fix it; often used in persuasive speeches
80
Connecting statements (transitions)
used to bridge points
81
Types of connectors
summaries, previews, transitions, signposts
82
Summaries
restate what has already been covered
83
Previews
give a small glance of what comes next
84
Transitions
bridge two different concepts
85
Signposts
specific terms; first, second, third
86
Preparation vs. speaking
preparation: everything from your brainstorm to a full sentence manuscript of your entire speech speaking: key words or short topics that you hold while you speak

Rhetorical Arts (1 decks)

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