Midterm Study Guide

Question 1

What is infection control?

Answer 1

practices aimed at preventing the spread of infectious diseases

Question 2

What is the importance of handwashing?

Answer 2

It is crucial for breaking the chain of disease transmission

Question 3

What does asepsis mean?

Answer 3

the absence of bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms

Question 4

What are pathogens?

Answer 4

microorganisms that can cause disease

Question 5

What are microbes?

Answer 5

microscopic organisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa.

Question 6

What is transmission in the context of infection?

Answer 6

the way pathogens are spread from one host to another

Question 7

What does OBRA stand for?

Answer 7

the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act

Question 8

What is abuse?

Answer 8

intentional harm to a person

Question 9

What are communication barriers?

Answer 9

obstacles that prevent effective exchange of information

Question 10

What is military time?

Answer 10

a 24-hour clock system used to avoid confusion in timekeeping

Question 11

How do you convert milliliters (ml) to fluid ounces (oz)?

Answer 11

To convert mls to oz, divide the number of mls by 29.57.

1 ml = 0.033814 fl oz

Question 12

How do you convert oz to mls?

Answer 12

To convert oz to mls, multiply the number of oz by 29.57.

1 fl oz = 29.574 ml

Question 13

What does HIPAA stand for?

Answer 13

HIPAA stands for the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act.

Question 14

What is PHI?

Answer 14

Protected Health Information

Question 15

What is the chain of command?

Answer 15

hierarchy of authority in a healthcare team

Question 16

What are body mechanics?

Answer 16

refers to the proper way to move and position the body

Question 17

What is the difference between assault and battery?

Answer 17

Assault is the threat of harm, while battery is the actual physical harm.

Question 18

What is shearing?

Answer 18

occurs when layers of skin move in opposite directions

Question 19

What is the supine position?

Answer 19

Lying flat on the back, facing up

Question 20

What is the admission process?

Answer 20

the procedures for bringing a patient into care

Question 21

What is the D/C process?

Answer 21

Discharge
the process of releasing a patient from care

Question 22

What is urinary elimination?

Answer 22

the process of expelling urine from the body

Question 23

What is specimen collection?

Answer 23

the process of obtaining samples for testing

Question 24

Describe the developmental stage:
Infancy

Answer 24

birth - 12 months
a baby moves from total dependence to the relative independence of being able to move around.

Question 25

What are cultural considerations?

Answer 25

understanding and respecting diverse beliefs and practices

Question 26

What are catheter types?

Answer 26

Common catheter types include Foley, straight, and condom catheters. ***separate into cards for each***

Question 27

What does RACE stand for?

Answer 27

Remove, Alarm, Contain, and Evacuate

Question 28

What does PASS stand for?

Answer 28

Pull, Aim, Squeeze, and Sweep.

Question 29

What is neglect?

Answer 29

the failure to provide necessary care

Question 30

What is friction?

Answer 30

the resistance between surfaces (e.g. skin and wrinkled linens)

Question 31

Prone

Answer 31

Lying with the front of the body facing down

Question 32

Fowlers

Answer 32

A semi-seated (raised upper body) position

Question 33

Sims’s position

Answer 33

A variation on prone (face down) position with pillows and bent limbs to keep a patients head on the side comfortably. This is the position used for rectal procedures.

Question 34

Describe the developmental stage **toddler**

Answer 34

1 - 3 yrs old gain more independence learn to speak, gain coordination, and learn to control their bladder and bowels express frustration through tantrums

Question 35

Describe the developmental stage **preschool**

Answer 35

3 - 5 yrs old develop social relationships become more independent begin to learn right from wrong

Question 36

Describe the developmental stage **school age**

Answer 36

5 - 10 yrs old development is centered on cognition (thinking and learning) learn to get along with each other develop a conscience, morals, and self-esteem

Question 37

Describe the developmental stage **preadolescence**

Answer 37

10 - 12 yrs old usually a calm period may begin puberty during this time

Question 38

Describe the developmental stage **adolescence**

Answer 38

12 - 18 yrs old become sexually mature value peer acceptance concern for body image and changing hormones can result in rapid mood swings

Question 39

Describe the developmental stage **young adulthood**

Answer 39

18 - 40 yrs old physical growth is usually complete focus on education, selecting occupation or career, selecting a mate, learning to live with others, possibly raising children, and developing a satisfying sex life

Question 40

Describe the developmental stage **middle adulthood**

Answer 40

40 - 65 yrs old usually stable and comfortable physical changes related to aging occur strength and energy may decrease metabolism slows down wrinkles and gray hair appear many diseases and disorders can develop during this time that can become chronic or life-threatening

Question 41

Describe the developmental stage **late adulthood**

Answer 41

65 yrs and older must adjust to the effects of aging which can include: - loss of strength - loss of health - death of a loved one - retirement - preparation for their own death varies widely between individuals often subjected to **ageism**