Midterm Study Guide For Science Flashcards
(56 cards)
Possible, testable explanation for an observation
hypothesis
What is the difference between a scientific theory and a scientific law?
Theory: An explanation based on many experiments and observations. Why or how something happens.
Law: A rule that describes a pattern in nature. A prediction that something will happen.
Put the following steps in the scientific process in order: analysis, communication, experimentation, hypothesis, observation
Observation, hypothesis, experimentation, analysis, communication
What is the base metric unit for each: length, mass, volume?
Length – Meter
Weight – kilogram or gram
volume – liter (or mL)
What does each prefix mean: kilo, centi, milli?
Kilo: 1000x
Centi: 0.01 or 1/100
Milli: 0.001 or 1/1000
What are the mean & Median of this data set? 4,3,2,3,4,3,1,2,3
Mean: 2.78
Median: 3
Which variable represents data collected?
Which variable represents 1 being changed?
Data collected = dependent variable
Data changed = independent variable
Name 4 spheres of Earth & 3 examples of how any 2 interact with each other
Geosphere, Biosphere, Hydrosphere, atmosphere
Examples of interaction:
rain/hydro fall on soil/geo
plant roots/bio take up water/hydro
Wind/atmo weather rock/geo
animals/bio breathe oxygen/atmo or drink water/hydro
Name 5 layers of atmosphere & 1 characteristic of each
Troposphere - densest
Stratosphere - contains ozone layer
Mesosphere - coldest layer
Thermosphere - satellites orbit here
Exosphere - least dense, hottest
What happens to temperature & density as you go deeper into the earth? How do the forces contribute to the make-up of earth’s layers?
Temp & Density increase as you go deeper into Earth
If Temp is more than pressure=plastic/liquid layer
If pressure is more than temp=solid layer
Describe the crust (solid, liquid, plastic; relative density)
SOLID, least dense (less dense than mantle)
Describe the Mantle & it’s layers. Which one is plastic
Thick Middle Layer,
Solid but HOT
Uppermost Mantle, asthenosphere (PLASTIC), upper mantle, lower mantle,
Describe the CORE and it’s layers. Which layer is liquid
Dense metallic/iron center
Outer Core (LIQUID) and Inner Core
Formula for Density. What’s the density of a fluid with mass of 50 g and volume of 10 mL
D = Mass/Volume
50/10=5 g/ML
Naturally occurring inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition and an orderly arrangement of atoms/ions
Mineral
Difference between naturally occurring & inorganic
Naturally occurring - not man made
Inorganic - not made in life but can be made by life (ex: not sugar, but shells)
When each mineral has a formula/recipe of elements in the periodic table & specific proportions/amounts
Definite Chemical Composition
What is crystalline form?
Atoms not randomly arranged but have a repeating pattern
How do mineral crystallize?
Through an increase of atoms or decrease in volume of solution
Physical & Chemical properties to identify minerals (7)
Color
Luster
Streak
Hardness
Cleavage/fracture (breakage)
Density
Special Properties: <5=8, 5-6=9, 7=10
Which 2 tests would you use to tell Gold apart from Pyrite?
Density, Hardness & Streak
Would it be easy or difficult to tell hematite apart from Magnetite?
Difficult because they have almost the same answer in every test
Why is more than 1 test required to identify a mineral?
Because each mineral shares some of its properties with other minerals, but no 2 have the exact same set of all properties
How do P & S waves help understand earth’s layers?
P waves travel through solid & liquid
S waves only travel through solids
Both waves change speed at different temps & types of rocks - so the pattern of how they move show the Earth’s interior is made of different material & Outer Core is liquid
