Midterm Study List

Question 1

Romulus

Answer 1

Definition: founder of Rome
Historical Significance? Roman myth
Dates? 753 BC - 716 BC

Question 2

Remus

Answer 2

.Definition: Romulus’ brother
Historical Sig: Roman myth
Dates: 753 BC

Question 3

Aeneas

Answer 3

.Definition: fled Troy; fell in love with Dido; ancestor of Romulus
Historical Sig: Roman myth
Date: 1000 BC

Question 4

753 BC

Answer 4

Roman historians say this is when Rome was founded

Question 5

Roman “Regal Period”

Answer 5

Definition: mythical 7 kings; when Rome came into contact with Etruscans; had advisors but basically one person had power
HIstorical Sig: First of three stages of Rome
Dates: 753 BC - 509 BC

Question 6

Etruscans

Answer 6

Definition: came into contact with Rome right before Republic; we don’t know much about them
Historical Sig: they had the fasces; wrestling style fighting could have inspired Roman gladiators
Dates: Regal Period

Question 7

disciplina Etrusca

Answer 7

Def: Etruscan religion
Hist Sig: Etruscan religion
Dates: Regal Period

Question 8

Numa Pompillius

Answer 8

Def: 2nd king; a Sabine, thought to be most suitable to succeed throne; codifies religious rituals & forms; accepted because of his high character; lunar calender of 12 months; establishes priests = flamens, vestals, pontivex maximus
Hist Sig: Roman myth
Dates: Regal period; 716 - 673 BC

Question 9

“The Sabine Women”

Answer 9

Definition: Romulus and his goons needed women, so they asked the sabines and the Sabines were like ‘no you guys are losers’ so Romulus set up a party for the Sabines and during the party took all of their women
Hist. Sig: possibly how Romans rationalized the Sabines intermixing with Romans
Dates: 750 BC

Question 10

Lucretia

Answer 10

Definition: She was a Roman noble’s wife, who Sextus Tarquinius, son of 7th roman king, raped. He threatened her life, tried to sweet talk her, but what scared her into it was threatening to kill her but then lay her beside a naked slave so it would look like she was sleeping with a slave. She told her husband what had happened and then killed herself before making him and Lucius Junius Brutus promise to avenge her, which made Brutus overthrow the 7th king, Tarquinius Superbus, so that no person would have that much power again
Hist Sig: Kicked off roman republic; showed how lowly slaves were considered
Dates: Roman regal period; 510 BC

Question 11

Lucius Junius Brutus

Answer 11

Def: overthrew 7th king, Tarquinius Superbus, and started roman republic; Romans believed he was an ancestor of the Brutus that killed Caesar
Hist: Roman republic founder
Dates: 509 BC

Question 12

509 BC

Answer 12

Definition: foundation of Rome

Hist. Sig: Date Roman historians believe Rome was founded

Question 13

L. Tarquinius Superbus

Answer 13

Def: 7th mythical Etruscan Roman king; last Roman king; father of man who raped Lucretia
Hist. Sig: Last roman king before republic
Dates: ended 509 BC; roman regal period

Question 14

Latin League

Answer 14

Def: groups of Latins rose up against Rome but was crushed and spread out
Hist. Sig: ^^
Dates: end of 6th century BC

Question 15

First Secession of the Plebs

Answer 15

Def: plebs wanted equality with patricians; many plebs went on strike w primary grievances being debt and arbitrary treatment by consuls; large amount of plebs march out of Rome to sacred mount to put pressure on Roman state in a time where rome was under military threat; effective bc plebs made up most of military
Historical sig: first attempt from plebs to gain equality
Date: 494 BC

Question 16

Virtus

Answer 16

def: virtues of a ROMAN man
hist sig: qualities of a roman leader
dates: 2nd century BC roman republic

Question 17

Fides

Answer 17

def: holding up a contract: fidelity
hist sig: quality of roman leader
date: 2nd century bc republic

Question 18

Pietas

Answer 18

def: loyalty to rome and ONLY rome; includes gods
hist sig: quality of a roman leader
date: 2nd century bc republic

Question 19

Constania

Answer 19

def: to be relentless; constant
hist sig: quality of a roman leader
date: 2nd century bc republic

Question 20

Gloria

Answer 20

def: glory militarily
hist sig: quality of leader
date: 2nd century bc republic

Question 21

Dignitas

Answer 21

def: dignified; serious
hist sig: quality of roman leader
date: 2nd century bc republic

Question 22

Auctoritas

Answer 22

def: once one was virtus, fides, pietas, constantia, gloria and dignitas, they can be in a position of authorty; they can speak in public, run for office, and are to be listened to
hist sig: one needs all qualities in order to be a leader
dates: 2nd century bc republic

Question 23

Veii

Answer 23

def: battle in which Romans defeated Etruscans; resulted in higher pay for soldiers and increased territory
hist sig: ^^
dates: 396 BC

Question 24

Roman patronage

Answer 24

def: the relationship between roman families & their clients; basically favor for favor; like mafia families
hist sig: closest rome had to police
dates: roman republic

Question 25

fasces

Answer 25

def: unity; bundle of sticks with an ax; strength of unity hist sig: symbol of unity dates: regal period

Question 26

Battle of Zama

Answer 26

def: last battle of 2nd punic war; A Roman army led by Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus, with crucial support from Numidian leader Masinissa, defeated the Carthaginian army led by Hannibal Barca. hist sig: ended punic war dates: oct 19, 202 bc

Question 27

Tiberius Gracchus

Answer 27

def; important roman tribune of plebs; proposed a reform called the "Lex Sempronia Agraria". This was meant to reduce the number of poor and homeless people by allowing the rich to have only a certain amount of land. hist sig: step forward in equality of plebs and patricians dates; 154-121 bc

Question 28

Do ut Des

Answer 28

def; "i give so that you may give" hist sig: sums up the Romans' relationship with the gods. Religious law centred on the ritualised system of prayer and sacrifice that in turn brought blessings from the gods. dates: republic

Question 29

Tanaquil

Answer 29

def; roman queen; married to tarquinius priscus, fifth king of rome hist sig: roman myth dates: late 7th - early 6th century bc; regal period

Question 30

Servius Tullius

Answer 30

def; mythical 6th roman king; believed to have formally been a servant; assassinated by his daughter and her husband hist; roman myth dates; 578-535 BC

Question 31

Tullia

Answer 31

def; daughter of servius tullius, 6th king; married lucius tarquinius superbus and with him assassinated her father hist sig; roman myth dates; 535 BC - 509 BC

Question 32

Horatii vs Curiatii

Answer 32

def: roman myth; two sets of triplets; Horatii were Roman and the Curiatii Alban; During the war between Rome and Alba Longa in the reign of Tullus Hostilius (traditionally 672–642 BC), it was agreed that settlement of the dispute should depend on the outcome of combat between the two groups of brothers. hist sig: roman myth; fashioned to explain existing legal or ritual practices. date: between 672-642 BC

Question 33

Horatia

Answer 33

def; ancient patrician family of rome; family of horatii triplets hist sig; roman myth dates; regal period

Question 34

Verginia

Answer 34

def: was a maiden in Rome who Appius the judge wanted to smash so he proclaimed her to be his slave; her father tried to convince people that she wasn't a slave and tried to petition her freedom but when it failed, he killed her hist sig: shows roman's low opinion of slaves, as her father would rather kill his own daughter than her be a slave date: 449 BC

Question 35

Horatius Cocles

Answer 35

Def: A legendary military hero of early Rome. He is from the same family as the Horatii. During an Etruscan attack, the Etruscans appeared on a bridge. Upon seeing this great army most of the Romans soldiers fled headlong back to Rome. Only Horatius Cocles, kept his wits about him. He stopped at the middle of the bridge, and ordered his fleeing companions to destroy the bridge behind him. As Cocles fought on alone, Romans from behind began to destroy the bridge. He held back the enemy for a while, and just when it seemed he was about to be overwhelmed by their sheer numbers, the bridge at last gave way and they all plunged into the river. Miraculously, the fully-armored Cocles managed to swim back to the Roman side, as Etruscan arrows fell all around him. For his efforts, Cocles was later given all the land he could drive a plow around in one day, and a statue of him was placed in the forum. Hist Sig: ^^ Date: 6th century BC

Question 36

Livy

Answer 36

Def: Roman historian that wrote at the end of Roman republic under Augustus. He spoke highly of Rome, and believed that the fall of the republic was because of a lack of morals, so he wrote to try to teach people how to act; wrote hundreds of years after events; wrote AFTER fall of republic Hist Sig: We get many historical information from him Date: 59 BC - 17 AD

Question 37

Cincinnatus

Answer 37

Def: the ideal Roman soldier; kept power for 16 days instead of 6 months once problem was dealt with and then went back to his simple life Hist Sig: Historical figure Date: 518 BC - 430 BC

Question 38

Polybius

Answer 38

Def: historian; political Greek hostage in Rome but respected the Romans; wrote down much of Roman history; very disciplined; separate what people think happened vs what actually might have happened; had an outside perspective; wrote BEFORE fall of republic Hist Sig: prominent historian Dates: 208 BC - 125 BC

Question 39

Hannibal

Answer 39

Def: brilliant Carthaginian general; his father made him swear to never be a friend to Rome; Livy builds up his virtus but says his many faults; 2nd punic war; took elephants over alps Hist Sig: prominant historical figure dates: 247 BC - 184 BC

Question 40

Camillus

Answer 40

Def: swooped in and saved Rome during Gaul war; Camillus triumphed four times, was five times dictator, consul and was honoured with the title of Second Founder of Rome. Hist Sig: Prominant historical figure Dates: 446 BC - 365 BC

Question 41

Twelve Tables

Answer 41

Def: series of 40 men commissioned to establish visible laws after conflict; laws inscribed on bronze tablets; codification in 450 BC; harsh written laws but people had access; defined patricians and plebians, no intermarriage hist sig; roman laws date: ca 450 BC

Question 42

leges Liciniae Sextiae

Answer 42

def: allowed for a plebian council hist sig: roman law date: 367 BC

Question 43

leges Valeriae Horatiae

Answer 43

def: ended 2nd 40 men series; led to reform legislation and created 3 laws; 1. pleb council was binding for all IF ratified by senate, 2. created citizen right of appeal and banned creation of a position that would stop appeal; 3. created plebian tribunes; major gain for plebs hist sig: legislation reform date: 454 BC

Question 44

lex Hortensia

Answer 44

def: law passed that made plebian council ruling binding for everybody and this time it stuck hist sig: legislation reform date: 287 BC

Question 45

patrician

Answer 45

``` Def: aristocratic families that monopolized power; upper class Hist. Sig: roman class system date: 753 Bc - 1st century AD ```

Question 46

plebeian

Answer 46

``` Def: lower class; 3 types: 1. very poor 2. wealthy but not as wealthy as patricians 3. middle of the two Hist sig: roman class system dates: 753 BC - 1st century AD ```

Question 47

Pyrrhus

Answer 47

Def: Greek general and could have won war against Rome but if he fought anymore he would lose all of his men hist sig: Historical event; where the phrase pyrrhic victory comes from date: 319 BC - 272 BC

Question 48

"Pyrrhic Victory"

Answer 48

Def: someone who wins a Pyrrhic victory has also taken a heavy toll that negates any true sense of achievement or damages long-term progress. hist sig: came from Pyrrhus date: when pyrrhus won to now

Question 49

concilium plebis

Answer 49

Def: assembly of plebs; only affected plebs; had 2 tribunes that presided over meeting and protected plebs interest hist sig: roman legislation date: 494 bc

Question 50

concilium plebis tributum

Answer 50

Def: new magistrates added to concillium plebis hist sig: roman legislation date: 471 BC

Question 51

imperium

Answer 51

def: military command hist sig: power of the consul, once held by king date: republic

Question 52

comitia curiata

Answer 52

def: 1st assembly in monarchy; assembled by curiae (specific groupings of citizens); assembled to converse on controlling units of Rome hist sig: roman legislation date: roman regal period

Question 53

Viriathus

Answer 53

Def: Viriathus was the most important leader of the Lusitanian people that resisted Roman expansion into the regions of western Hispania or western Iberia, before being assassinated Hist Sig: historical figure date: 180 BC - 139 BC

Question 54

Gaius Gracchus

Answer 54

Def: after his brother was killed for trying to lessen powers of government, Gaius tried the same thing and succeeded Hist Sig: historical figure dates: 154-121 BC

Question 55

Marian Military Reforms

Answer 55

Def: three military reforms; 1. men without land would be counted in the census; 2. created a standing up army; 3. implemented retirement hist sig: military reforms date: 107 BC

Question 56

First Punic War

Answer 56

Def: first war between Rome and Carthage; fought for control of Sicily; Roman victory Hist sig: war Date: 264 BC - 261 BC

Question 57

Second Punic War

Answer 57

.Def: Carthaginian general Hannibal wanted to take control of Rome; Rome suffered many defeats but arose victorious Hist sig: war dates:218 BC - 201 BC

Question 58

Third Punic War

Answer 58

Def: resulted in final destruction of Carthage hist sig: war dates:146-142 BC

Question 59

nexum

Answer 59

Def: a Roman could sell himself into slavery to repay a debt Hist: Way of the romans Date: early roman republic

Question 60

Censor

Answer 60

Def: magistrate in ancient Rome who was responsible for maintaining the census, supervising public morality, and overseeing certain aspects of the government's finances. Hist: Roman position Date: roman republic

Question 61

Dictator

Answer 61

Def: position that allowed one person to have complete control of every part of Rome; only opened in emergencies hist sig: roman position date: republic

Question 62

Consul

Answer 62

def: highest elected official in rome hist sig: roman position date: roman republic

Question 63

Tribune

Answer 63

def: title of various elected officials hist sig: roman position date: republic

Question 64

pontifex maximus

Answer 64

def: head of a college of priests hist sig: part of roman religion date: republic

Question 65

Vestal Virgins

Answer 65

def: a group of virgins that had to keep a sacred fire burning at all times hist sig: part of roman religion date: republic

Question 66

"Struggle of the Orders"

Answer 66

def: struggle between patricians and plebs in which plebs wanted equality hist sig: legislation reform date: 500 BC - 287 BC

Question 67

Fabius Maximus

Answer 67

Def: roman dictator that evaded hannibal in the second punic war by delaying battles hist sig: big factor as to why rome on 2nd punic war; militaries now use fabian strategy date: 280 BC -203 BC

Question 68

Hasbrubal

Answer 68

Def: brother of Hannibal HIst sig: historical figure date: 245 BC - 207 BC

Question 69

Battle of Cannae

Answer 69

def: Roman defeat in 2nd punic war; worst defeat in roman history hist sig: war date: August 2 216 BC

Question 70

First Samnite War

Answer 70

def: first clash between samnites and romans, ended with roman victory hist sig: war date: 343-341 BC

Question 71

Second Samnite War

Answer 71

def: second war between samnites and romans hist sig: war date: 326-304 BC

Question 72

Third Samnite War

Answer 72

def: third wat fought between samnites and romans hist sig: war dates: 298-290 BC

Question 73

Battle of the Claudine Forks

Answer 73

def; decisive battle in second samnite war; no combat hist sig; decisive battle date: 321 BC

Question 74

subiugatio

Answer 74

def: brinign something under control hist sig: rome did this a lot date: whole dang time bro

Question 75

Battle of Lake Trasimene

Answer 75

def: battle in second punic war; hannibal defeated romans; biggest ambush in military history hist sig: battle date: June 24 217 BC

Question 76

Marcellus

Answer 76

def: nephew of augustus hist sig: historical figure date: 42 bc - 23 bc

Question 77

Siege of Syracuse

Answer 77

def: romans stormed syracuse, giving them access to all of sicily hist sig: event date: 214-212 BC

Question 78

Gallic Sack of Rome

Answer 78

def: Gauls defeat rome hist sig: event date:387-386 BC

Question 79

Roman Senate

Answer 79

.def: political institution of Rome hist sig: legislation date: all of rome

Question 80

comitia centuriata

Answer 80

def: divided groups of 100 roman men by classes date:

Question 81

Cato the Elder

Answer 81

def: Roman soldier, senator and historian known for his conservatism and opposition to Hellenization. He was the first to write history in Latin date: 234-149 BC

Question 82

Gracchan Land Reform

Answer 82

def: first attempted land reform date: 486 BC

Question 83

Marius

Answer 83

.Roman general and statesman. Victor of the Cimbric and Jugurthine wars, he held the office of consul an unprecedented seven times during his career. He was also noted for his important reforms of Roman armies.