Midterm terms Flashcards

Question

Genessee et. al 2004

Answer 1

Goal: to examine the formation of negative sentences Subjects: bilingual children of varying ages Predictions and Major findings: Found that French children acquire target structures more rapidly than English children (children are sensitive to finiteness); by age 2-3 French kids had more target structures English, French, Finiteness, Genessee

Answer 2

Goal: Investigate the existence of interdependence between two simultaneously acquired languages (english and french), specifically in the case of verbal inflection, negation placement, and pronominal subjects. Subjects: Three english/french bilingual children, whose parents used the “one parent, one language” rule. Children’s speech was recorded during naturalistic play sessions, at 3 intervals, when the children where 2;0, 2;6 and 3;0 approximately. Predictions and Major findings: Looked for transfer, delay, or acceleration- all of which would be evidence for transfer between grammars Investigated negative placement, verbal inflection, pronominal subject Finiteness: way more finite verbs in french than english, no evidence of transfer or acceleration. Finiteness in french among bilinguals was comparable to that of monolinguals. No evidence for significant delays or accelerations in anything. Bottom line- supports theory of two independent and independently developing systems p+g- pg tips- tea- auTonomEA

Answer 3

Bilingual children dropped subjects less frequently than spanish monolinguals but more frequently than english monolinguals Monolinguals have stage with no overt subject, bilingual child didn’t have this stage Differs between low and high informative contexts Mother of bilingual used overt subjects somewhere in between Cross-linguistic at syntax pragmatic interface as seen in other studies Both systems are at work- langauge input from parents, as well as syntax interface Supports DLSH NavarrOVERT subjects

Answer 4

Goal: Test infants’ ability to perceive phonemic contrasts in their language and others Subjects: monolingual infants whose mother tongue was English, Salish, and Hindi ages 6-8 months, 8-10 months, and 10-12 months Predictions and Major findings: there are differences in processing and development in bilinguals with respect to perception Before 10-12 months: subtle phonetic differences between sounds are perceived, no matter whether sounds are used in target language. After 6 months this ability is lost for vowels that are not contrastive in the target language. After 10-12 months this ability is lost for consonant not contrastive in the target language. after these time periods, they have to WERK to differentiate, must WERK really hard to be a trilingual in these three languages

Answer 5

If UG is available in L2, parameters can explain and predict cases of transfer If L1 parameters are applied to L2, UG is incomplete Is UG just a new way of expressing the Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis (the systematic study of a pair of languages with a view to identifying their structural differences and similarities. Historically it has been used to establish language genealogies.)? No - UG is different Ok there is something about general and specific something and im sorry but i have no idea what its talking about UG is active in L2, if L1 parameters are adopted in L2, the learner is not stuck with L1 parameters forever unrealistic to expect comprehensive paradigm since SLA is not a unitary phenomenon

Answer 6

Goal: Learn about age effects on language acquisition Subjects: Study 1: late learner of L1 asl, born deaf- properties of spoken lang “Less is more” hypothesis- we lose ability Study 2: later learners of L2 Predictions and Major findings: morphology is harder to acquire than syntax and language acquisition decreases with age of acquisition for both studies Newport is in RI and Cranston RI has one of the highest deaf populations, NEWborns better at ASL, drunk on port- syntax but not morphology

Answer 7

tested /ba/ vs /pa/ vs /pha/ Results suggest that there is more than one pattern to bilingual phonetic perception (there are cases of one L dominant over the other, as well as balanced results) Ba and burns

Answer 8

In children aged 2-4; evidence for early structural separation and patterns of grammar development that were the same of monolinguals Mixing occurs and peaks at a certain stage (hypothesis- bilingual bootstrapping). Child uses knowledge of the left periphery, which emerges earlier, to to compensate for English lag You have the GAWL to bootleg (bootstrap) also G and German

Answer 9

Redefine types of bilinguals & determine external factors that lead to bilingualism/multilingualism (politics, natural disaster, religion, culture, economy, education, etc.) Subjects: Predictions and Major findings: language contact results in many different types of bilinguals (compound bilingual, coordinate bilingual, receptive bilingual, balanced bilingual, achieved bilingual, ascribed bilingual)

Answer 10

``` fossilization with Patty syntax easier than morphology struggled with inflection fossilization is selective Lard isn’t used anymore and neither is the name Patty → fossilized ```

Answer 11

Study of word order and subject verb agreement in two German-French bilinguals SVO dominant in both, but German more variable Adverb-> V -> S only in German shows interdependence, does not disprove DLSH code switching vs language mixing only indiscriminate language mixing would count as potential evidence for one mixed system Meisel → Weisel→ Germany→ German word order → Interwar years → Interdependence

Answer 12

French + Spanish as L1, English L2 Initially, everyone good at accepting overt subj. in English, Spanish accepted more null subjects in English than French speakers, over time increased in proficiency, suggesting parameters can be reset to L2 values Didn’t behave as a cluster Verb subject and that-trace violation yogurt almond cluster is white, white people reset other peoples land, parameters reset to L2

Answer 13

3 stage model 1- single lexicon, no translation equivalents - everyone else says this is wrong 2- 2 lexicons but one syntactic system, same word order for both languages even if wrong 3- 2 separate systems VolTERRA air fire water → 3 systems

Answer 14

one parent one language tested aspects of syntax in bilinguals 2 separate syntactic systems De Houwer - DLSH and De Houwer has two words and two systems

Midterm terms Flashcards

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