Midterm Test Flashcards

Question

How do genetics contribute to success?

Answer 1

People with bigger builds are suited to sumo wrestling, compared to people with smaller builds who are suited to gymnastics. The nature of certain sports attracts certain body types.

Answer 2

Specially in running events, blacks hold almost every world title in every distance. Their place of origin, however, differs depending on the distance of the event. (In general): - They are more physical as kids; early childhood development of motor skills. - More fast-twitch muscle fibres in their genetic makeup. - They have a natural jumping ability.

Answer 3

Race is the grouping that results from the practice of classifying others by physical characteristics and the belief that this classification represents some form of innate difference in terms of ability or disposition.

Answer 4

Biology determines human behaviour and explains complex psychological and social phenomena.

Answer 5

‘Race’ is a socially and historically constructed concept that serves particular interests and reinforces power relations.

Answer 6

- Race is confused with concepts like cultural, and biology is confused with social/environmental factors. - There has never been a controlled genetic studying comparing white and black sporting performance. - There is little difference in the human gene pool (we have 90% shared DNA). - 10% of Americans have black ancestors and 75% of American blacks have white ancestry.

Answer 7

Panopticon means ‘all visible’; this means being seen and the threat of being seen applies to wider society - it is a form of power to control us. Example of panopticon in our current society; women’s magazines, the internet (social networks), CCTV surveillance, people higher than us (teachers, police, etc). = Our ideas are shaped from history (the panopticon prison).

Answer 8

Females often seek advice (and enjoy reading magazines over medial books), but this can lead to eating disorders, starvation dieting, exercising to the point of injury and body image problems/low self-esteem. Magazines are a form of panopticism; they have the assumption that each of us is an individual self with particular personal qualities that differentiate us from everyone else, but our thoughts and feelings are influenced by the media and our interactions with others = panopticon surveillance.

Answer 9

The public circulation of the preferred body type that is internalised in everyday life.

Answer 10

The media overhypes obesity by saying things like; “It’s as big a threat as global warming”. When I’m reality, malnutrition is much more serious and doesn’t get anywhere near the amount of air time.

Answer 11

Apparently, New Zealanders get fat because they live here - a nutrition expert says food and lifestyle are to blame. Where you live does have an impact; the shops around you and your socioeconomic status contributes to obesity problems because if you are low class, you can not afford fresh fruit/veges and healthy alternatives.

Answer 12

BMI is your body mass index; a standard calculation of body weight in relation to height, used to diagnose if someone is overweight or obese. However, BMI is not always accurate as it doesn’t account for lots of things (like muscle, etc) and so we should be using body fat % instead.

Answer 13

Children are being targeted and it has lasting effects; UK doctors obsession with obesity has lead to children as young as 5 years old worry about getting fat. 25% of 7 year olds have already been on a diet. The number of children hospitalised with eating disorders has risen 300% in the past 2 years. The media is demonising obese children. Obesity is all about regulation = monitoring/controlling. The government could benefit from the crisis by introducing a sugar tax - this could change people’s behaviour but it would take a lot of time and effort to put into place.

Answer 14

Physical space - the ‘box’; large shed with minimal equipment, no virtual boundaries. Behaviour - group training that requires active participation and interaction. Social structure - often compared to a church. Language - WOD’s; each have a name and a specific combination of exercises. Special diet food - paleo or the zone diet. Clothing/equipment - Rebook and Rogue.

Answer 15

Although there are clear parallels between the two, CrossFit has voluntary entry and exit which means that it is not a cult.

Answer 16

A reinventive institution is a material or symbolic structure that shapes a new social identity by formal instruction, mutual surveillance and ‘performance regulation’, in the process of interacting with others. Mutual surveillance - in CrossFit it is the expectation that you will sweat together and cheer each other on with mutual support. Performance regulation - adjusting behaviour as a result of being watched by others and an inner desire to be better.

Answer 17

Pedagogy is concerned with interactions that occur between the instructor, the learner, the content and the environment (or context) in which the interaction occurs.

Answer 18

Differences between generations of athletes and coaches; creates increased tension in their relationship. E.g, the older generation is used to doing what they’re told without questioning, but the younger generation asks many questions.

Answer 19

Differences in curriculum between generations - coaches need to change the way they think about different generations of athletes because they are taught different things so therefore they think and act in different ways.

Answer 20

Sports teams are made up of different demographics and coaches need to realise this. Inclusive; a diverse group of players can join together to become a successful team. Xenophobic; having or showing a dislike of or prejudice against people from other countries. Obviously we don’t want this happening in sport. The demographics of some coaches and athletes are miles apart. This is a challenge because we have to understand where people come from in order to work successfully with them.

Answer 21

Some children don’t have the opportunity to play sports because they can’t afford it. If they could, then with their lack of nutrients, health and well-being, they wouldn’t have enough energy to play nor want to place in the first place

Answer 22

Many of NZ’s top athletes come from rural areas, this has implications because if a large percentage of our population are moving to city centres, will this have an impact on how well we perform on the international stage? When athletes grow up in smaller cities, they have a better chance of being successful because they have more advantages. E.g, less traffic, everything is close by, which means sport is more accessible and athletes can spend more time doing it.

Answer 23

A creative process of generating, developing and communicating new ideas. E.g, when the Fosbury flop was introduced in high jump, world records dramatically increased. New ideas emerging in the sporting world means that the coaches have to adapt and learn the biomechanics so they are able to teach their athletes.

Answer 24

Psychology perspective - values, behaviour and character; values inform behaviour and behaviour shapes character. Sociocultural perspective - having social properties (loyalty, perseverance and teamwork), and moral properties (honesty, respect and sportsmanship).

Answer 25

Stakeholders in the provincial union were increasingly emphasising the psychological and behavioural characteristics of players, and defining these as a players character. A gap found; limited awareness amongst stakeholders as to the shortcomings and tensions associated with making judgments on a player’s character. Character seems to be the deciding factor for if a player was selected for a team when two people have the same sets of skills on the field.

Answer 26

There are different requirements between national, provincial and individual level. Each looks for different qualities. National tends to look at social values, whereas provincial looks at moral values as well. Individual level has a mix.

Answer 27

Resilience is the ability of individuals to prevent, absorb and recover from shocks. We here about resilience in sport all of the time, but it is also a reoccurring word in many other areas of life.

Answer 28

Self reliant persons lead independent and productive lives, and are better able to enjoy their rights while also contributing to their host societies.

Answer 29

Self reliance can lead to resilience, while resilience is necessary to ensure that progress towards self reliance is not eroded or reserved in the face of sudden-onset shocks. If we are resilient in one situation, does it mean we will be resilient in another? Resilience is not an indicator of something you have for life; it changes as the context changes.

Midterm Test Flashcards

(53 cards)