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AREC 660 > Midterm to Final > Flashcards

Midterm to Final Flashcards

(101 cards)

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1
Q

What are the three forms of empirical analysis of land use patterns?

A

Modelling
Regression
Visual

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2
Q

What are the 3 kinds of visual analysis?

A

Histograms
Maps
Scatterplots

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3
Q

What are the 3 types of regression analysis?

A

Causal inference
Multivariate regression
Spatial econometrics

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4
Q

What is the main type of model-based analysis?

A

Quantitative spatial analysis

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5
Q

What are the 3 main challenges with all 3 forms of land use analysis?

A

Collecting spatial data
Mapping
Relative location calculations

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6
Q

What kind of data does most empirical land use research work with?

A

Spatial data

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7
Q

What are two examples of spatial data?

A

Area
Location

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8
Q

What are the two types of spatial data files?

A

Raster
Vector

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9
Q

What 3 shapes do we see with vector data?

A

Points
Polygons
Lines

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10
Q

What are points in vector data?

A

Buildings
Cities
Trees

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11
Q

What is represented by lines in vector data?

A

Rivers
Roads

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12
Q

What is represented by polygons in vector data?

A

Boundaries
Lakes
Parcels

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13
Q

What two things is vector data good for displaying?

A

Precise coordinates
Boundaries

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14
Q

What type of information does vector data often include?

A

Attribute info (characteristics)

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15
Q

What main and sub-type of data is this?

A

Vector data, points

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16
Q

What main and sub-type of data is this?

A

Vector data, polygons, census subdivisions

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17
Q

Does vector data usually come in a group with other files or just by itself? Is that neccessary?

A

It comes with several other files with the same prefix, and they all need to be kept together.

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18
Q

What does raster data look like?

A

Grid cells or pixels representing a fixed area.

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19
Q

What is resolution?

A

The area represented by a single pixel.

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20
Q

What kind of data is best represented in the raster format?

A

Continuous data

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21
Q

What are examples of continuous data?

A

Elevation
Rainfall
Temperature

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22
Q

What kind of data is this?

A

Raster

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23
Q

What kind of data is this?

A

Raster

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24
Q

Where does the information for raster data come from?

A

Aircraft
Digital pictures
Drones
Satellites
Scanned maps
Sensors

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25
What is the suffix for raster data?
.tif
26
What is scale?
The relationship between distance on the map and distance on the ground.
27
What is the 1 advantage of higher resolution rasters (smaller cell size)?
Accuracy
28
What are the 2 advantages of lower resolution (larger cell size)?
Faster Smaller files
29
Can we convert between vector and raster?
YES!
30
What are the strengths of using vector data?
Attributes Elegant Precise Small files
31
What are the 2 strengths of raster data?
Computation speed Continuous data
32
What 4 types of tabular data can be translated into spatial data?
Addresses Census tracks Geographic coordinates Postal codes
33
What are the 2 ways we convert tabular data to vector data?
Geocoding Spatial joins
34
What does geocoding do?
Transforms textual descriptions of locations (like addresses or place names) into geographic coordinates.
35
What does a spatial join do?
Combines data from two or more layers (e.g., point data and polygon data) based on their spatial relationships.
36
What do we need in order to work with spatial data?
A Geographic Information System
37
What are 4 examples of when to use GIS?
Maping & visualizing Polygon contents/ point cluster Relative location calculations Spatial data
38
What are the two coordinate systems?
Geographic Coordinate Systems (GCS) Projection Coordinate Systems (PCS)
39
What is a Geographic Coordinate System?
The location on a sphere in angular units (degrees).
40
What are longitude and latitude examples of?
Geographic Coordinate System
41
What are the two main Geographic Coordinate Systems?
NAD83 WGS84
42
What is WGS84 best for?
Global maps
43
What is NAD83 best for?
North American maps
44
Why are there different types of GCS?
The earth isn't a perfect sphere Different ones work better in different locations
45
What is a projection?
Representing 3D on 2D
46
What are projections essentially?
Mathematical functions that take coordinates on a globe and convert them into coordinates on a plane.
47
What kind of projection is this?
Albers
48
What kind of projection is this?
Gall-Peters
49
What kind of projection is this?
Goode-Homolosine
50
What kind of projection is this?
Mercator
51
What kind of projection is this?
Robinson
52
What kind of projection is this?
Waterman Butterfly
53
What is a projection coordinate system?
The location in linear units (usually meters)
54
Spatial data will have a ___(GCS/PCS____ but you can choose the ___(GCS/PCS).
Spatial data will have a GCS, but you can choose the PCS.
55
What is the most common PCS for Alberta?
NAD_1983_10TM_AEP_forest (EPSG3400)
56
Which PCS is this?
NAD_1983_10TM_AEP_forest
57
Which PCS is this?
GCS_North_American_1983
58
Where can we find spatial data?
Governments Municipal Data Repositories Private Data Providers University websites
59
What is an example of a municipal data repository?
City of Edmonton - Open Data
60
What is an example of a private data provider?
Altalis
61
What is an example of government geospatial data?
Canada Census Boundary Files (Census Mapper)
62
What are the 6 levels of census geography?
Province Census Division (CMA) Census Subdivision Census Tract Dissemination Area
63
What does the term Census Subdivision mean?
General term for municipalities.
64
What census geography is within a Dissemination Area and how many people does a DA contain?
1+ dissemination blocks 400-700 people
65
What is a census metropolitan area, and how many people are in it?
1+ adjacent municipalities >100,000 ppl
66
How many people in a census tract?
2,500 - 7,000 ppl preferred: 5,000 ppl
67
Do census divisions and subdivisions cover the whole country?
Yes
68
Do census metropolitan areas cover the whole country?
no
69
What is the province code for Alberta?
48
70
What is the CMA code for Edmonton?
835
71
What is the smallest census geography unit we can guarantee data will be publicly available for? Why?
Census tracts; Dissemination Areas are too granular to grant privacy.
72
What are three census mapping tools?
Geosuite Census Mapper CHASS
73
Don't forget to add the rest of the cards
74
Do Ag subsidies help contain urban sprawl?
Yes!
75
Which is small scale: 1:10,000 or 1:1,000,000?
1:1,000,000 It's essentially a fraction
76
What is a consolidated census division?
Its essentially a smaller census division.
77
What does a raster calculator let you do?
Calculations on the raster cells.
78
How do we clip a raster layer?
Raster>>extraction>>clip raster by mask layer.
79
Why does Alberta only redistribute education funds equally, not all public good funds?
Because it's not fair to the wealthy.
80
Is fiscal sorting the only reason why neighbourhood sorting occurs?
NO! Also: Lifestyle preferences Racial/Cultural
80
What are the common vector file suffixes?
Shapefile: .shp CSV: .csv GeoPackage: .gpkg
81
Is longitude north/south or east/west?
east/west
82
Is latitude north/south or east/west?
north/south
83
What is datum?
GCS part that determines which model (spheroid), and it's positioning.
84
What are examples of datums?
NAD83 & WGS84
85
What is WKT?
Well-known text CRS information
86
What is WKID?
Well-known ID = CRS ID (properties>>source)
87
What does CRS stand for
Coordinate Reference System
88
What is the benefit of using a GeoPackage (.gpkg) file?
Store all GIS data in a single file: - vectors - rasters - tables
89
Why do CRS need to match?
Because otherwise it messes up math/analysis.
90
Which projection is better for Canada-wide data; EPSG3400 or EPSG3978?
EPSG3978
91
How do we convert a raster to a .csv?
Raster>> point layer>> .csv
92
Does taking the opportunity cost of time into account automatically tell us whether the wealthy or poor will live closer to CBD, even assuming the wealthy have a higher opportunity cost?
No! It depends not just on S but also on t. Need both #s to figure this out.
93
What does a QGIS spatial bookmark do?
Bookmark a scale in map view (not print view).
94
Is 1:10,000 considered small scale?
no
95
Is 1:1,000,000 small scale?
Yes
96
Is a province basically a census division?
Yes
97
What is the number for Ag land that was converted to urban?
154
98
What are the five main statistics that zonal statistics tables contain?
m2 sum count min max
99
What does sum refer to in a zonal statistics table?
sum = # of rasters in each zone (total, not by type)
100

AREC 660 (4 decks)

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