Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Balance 1 > Midterm Vestibular System > Flashcards

Midterm Vestibular System Flashcards

(56 cards)

Start Studying
0
Q

What happens to vestibular info

A 
output of vestib system goes to cerebal cortex (interpretation of what has been done) 
ocular motor muscles (vestibulo-ocular reflex)
spinal cord (connects info from inner ears to spine, vestibulo-spinal reflex
cerebellus (main function- distance, direction, force, etc. controlled here)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Why do we need the vestibular system

A
  • maintain posture
  • maintain equilibrium & ocular stability during movement
  • maintain muscle tone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do cranial nerves do

A

give sensory or motor info to head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What do spinal nerves do

A

give info to everything below head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Moro reflex

A

protect oneself when falling (arms go out, eyes open, neck tenses) for vertical drop or fall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is our equilibrium & posture maintained

A
  • multiple sensory inputs (visual, vestibular, somatosensory (touch/pressure), propriceptive (knowledge of self), central integration, auditory, etc.)
  • adaptive control (what needs to be done to correct equilibrium)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why do Au.Ds do audio & vestib evals

A
  • scope of practice
  • proximity of vestib system to cochlea
  • hair cells (same cells as in cochlea) both are affected by the same things
  • history (audiologist have since beginning)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

People who made contributions to our knowledge of vestib system (8)

A
  • Erasmus Darwin
  • Jan Evangelista Purkyne
  • Marie Jean Piere Flourens
  • Prosper Meniere
  • Ernst Mach
  • Robert Barany
  • Joseph Breuer
  • Alexander Crum-Brown
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is Jan Evangelista Purkyne best know for

A

his discovery of Purkinje cells & Purkinje fibers, first to use microtome & discovered sweat glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What similar conclusion did Ernst Mach, Joseph Breuer, and Alexander Crum-Brown come to

A

attributed the sensation of angular movement to the semicircular canals & linear movement to the otoliths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the vestib system responsible for

A

detection of acceleration, not velocity, of head/body & maintenance of gaze

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

development of vestib system

A 
19-21 days: oticplacode
21-23 days: otocyst
5 weeks: folding of otocyst
6.5 weeks: formation of super-structures
8 weeks: morphologic changes
7-15 weeks: formation of micro-structures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

4 regions of temporal bone

A

Squamous (forms middle cranial fossa)
Tympanic (forms anterior, inferior & part of posterior EAC)
Mastoid (forms majority of posterior portion of EAC)
Petrous (encases the inner ear)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

hardest part of temporal bone

A

petrous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

orientation of posterior canal

A

45 degrees off sagital plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

orientation of horizontal canal

A

30 degrees from horizontal plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

orientation of anterior canal

A

45 degrees from coronal plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

where is bony labyrinth located

A

in petrous portion of temporal bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

2 portions of bony labyrinth

A

vestibule & canals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

vestibular hair cells

A

have kinocilium where the basal body is in the auditory system
-1 per cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what does kinocilium do

A

increases sensitivity to stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Type 1 hair cells

A

globular shape
surrounded by nerve endings
synapse with calyceal dendritic endings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Type 2 hair cells

Study These Flashcards
A

column shape
innervated by Bouton dendrite nerve endings
Cylindrical in shape

23
Q

Ampullae

Study These Flashcards
A

contains Crista

24
Crista
sensory organ of semicircular canals
25
Components of Crista
hair cells supporting cells cupula
26
cupula
attaches at top & bottom of ampulla 2300 cells between all 3 cristae type 1 hair cells predominate the crista
27
function of semicircular canals
movement of head causes relative movement of fluid
28
types of cupular movement
utriculopetal (Ampullopetal) | utriculofugal (ampullofugal)
29
Utriculopetal (ampullopetal)
toward utrical (toward ampulla)
30
utriculofugal (ampullofugal)
away from utrical (away from ampulla)
31
orientation of steriocilla in horizontal SCC
toward utricle (utriculopetal)
32
orientation of steriocilia in posterior and anterior SCC
away from utricle (utriculofugal)
33
Hair cell stimulation
Depolarization- Steriocilia deflect toward the kinocilium Hyperpolarization- steriocilla deflect away from kinocilium 100 spikes per second when nothing is happening, after depolarizing the fire rate increase, when hyperpolarized the firing rate decreases
34
Ewald's Laws of canal function
1. the eye and head movement always occur in the plane of canal being stimulated 2. ampullopetal flow of HSCC induces greater movement than ampullofugal 3. ampullofugal flow of ASCC and PSCC induces greater movement than ampullopetal
35
Cupular biophysics
"pendulum model" cupula is attached at top, not free moving
36
what do otoliths do
detect linear acceleration
37
orientation of otoliths
30 degrees off the horizontal plane
38
what is the maculae
sensory organs of otoliths
39
components of the maculae
hair cells supporting cells otoconial membrane otoconia
40
location and orientation of Utricle
located at lower boarder of HSCC | roughly parallel to HSCC
41
otoconia
calcium carbonate originate early in vestibular development from dark cells of vestibule crystals that sit on top of the otoliths more dense than endolymph, so gravity can pull on them making them a gravitational sensor
42
Otolithic arrangement
utricle and saccule between 68 and 84 degrees apart striola- region with no hair cells underneath, otoconial concentration more dense hair cell arrangement: Uticle- arranged with kinocilia toward the striola, Saccule- arranged with kinocilia away from striola
43
blood supply of cochleo-vestibular complex
vestibular artery labyrinthine artery anterior inferior cerebellar artery
44
how does blood supply leave the cochleo-vestibular complex
anterior vestibular vein posterior vestibular vein a few others
45
labyrinthine fluids
Perilymph Endolymph Cerebrospinal Fluid
46
vestibular fluids
``` Perilymph (a filtrate of cerebrospinal fluid, blood) endolymph (a secretion of stria vascularis, vestibular dark cells) endolymph resorption (occurs in endolyphatic sac) ```
47
theories of endolymph resorption
longitudinal- created above and pushed through radial- circulation dynamic- mixture
48
firing rates in the cristae ampullaris
neurons have spontaneous firing rate of 70-90 s/s when depolarized, they increase up to 400 s/s when hyperpolarized, they decrease to near 0 s/s
49
firing rates in the maculae
neurons have spontaneous firing rate of approx 65 s/s
50
types of primary afferents
irregular | regular
51
irregular and regular primary afferents in the cristae ampullaris
irregular- most sensitive to motion, responds to HF accelerations regular- less sensitive to motion, more responsive to lower accelerations
52
irregular and regular neurons in the maculae
irregular- adapt rapidly, wide response range, sensitive to small changes in accelerations regular- maintain consistent firing rate during tilt, sensitive up to 1kHz, act as a low pass filter
53
synaptic connections of primary afferent neurons in cristae
connections made via calyceal, bouton, or combo can have up to 3 calyceal endings per neuron calyceal found near center of crista (type 1) boutons found near periphery (type 2)
54
synaptic connections of primary afferent neurons in maculae
calyceal found near center of striola (type 1) | boutons found near periphery (type 2)
55
distribution of CN 8
- vestibu meet and form their branch of the CN 8 at the scarpa ganglion - vestib=superior part of CN 8 (lateral- superior & utricle of superior part, posterior canal & saccule on inferior part) - cochlear- inferior part of CN 8

Balance 1 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions