Midterm Vocab

Question 1

The JUST WAR TRADITION (JWT)

Answer 1

is an ancient and living body of

thinking that tries to describe in what cases, if any, a war, or armed force, is morally permissible

Question 2

REALISM

Answer 2

the position that war is hell (Gen. Sherman) but natural, and thus in war, regrettably, there are no constraints on the violence necessary for winning

Question 3

MASTER MORALITY

Answer 3

-the strong man does what he wants, has the strength to do what he wants, has the strength to will this eternally, never want to change his mind (no regrets)

Question 4

slave morality

Answer 4

western morality, , SLAVE MORALITY is not natural, but artificial because it denies the nature of life, which is domination and appropriation
-we are afraid or being hurt so we make laws that say don’t hurt me

Question 5

MORAL REALITY

Answer 5

• I.e. we can and in fact must bring it under moral judgement
  
  • Even the realist Herodotus demands that it be honorable

Question 6

CONVENTIONALISM

Answer 6

: in ethics, the position that moral law is founded through general agreement (and not, for instance, something inhering in nature or reason per se) – ethics comes from customs

Question 7

FRAGMENTS

Answer 7

someone quotes another’s work, then the original work is lost, so only the quotes are left

Question 8

BELLUM OMNIUM CONTRA OMNES

Answer 8

Nature is a “war of all against all”

Question 9

WHIGGIST

Answer 9

theory of history (that history progresses towards the better)

Question 10

REGULAR

Answer 10

literally means following rules (from regula,“rule”)

Question 11

NATURAL LAW

Answer 11

there is a moral law naturally occurring in nature, we do not create laws, simply discover them and write them down

Question 12

PACIFISTS

Answer 12

believe that war is always wrong

Question 13

ABSOLUTE PACIFISTS

Answer 13

A total objection to war (e.g. Athenagoras, Lactantius, Menno Simons)
•Often religious (the word Holmes uses)
•Not always: could be based on a secular (humanist) view of the absolute value of human life
•Some claim this is the position of Grotius
•American example: The Pennsylvania Dutch (various Anabaptist sects) refuse to participate in civic life at all so as to avoid involvement in government-sanctioned violence

Question 14

SELECTIVE PACIFISTS:

Answer 14

• These believe that war may be just (Holmes, 4), but that the Bible forbids Christians from killing (e.g. Tertullian)
• May do alternate service or find other ways to be patriotic

Question 15

NUCLEAR PACIFISTS

Answer 15

Today’s wars are so terrible that we can no longer uphold the JWT

Question 16

RIGHT STRICTLY CONSIDERED

Answer 16

will be the moral faculty granted by laws strictly considered

Question 17

RIGHT

Answer 17

means “with right,” “by right,” or loosely, “according to law”

Question 18

PRECEPTS

Answer 18

basis of law

Question 19

JUST WAR

Answer 19

thus means a war fought “with and by right ”
•With right = just cause (ius ad bellum)
•By right = just means (ius in bello)

Question 20

LICENSE

Answer 20

“a right to do as one pleases without any restriction

Question 21

IUS AD BELLUM

Answer 21

right to go to war), i.e. just cause

Question 22

IUS IN BELLO

Answer 22

right within war), i.e. limited (sufficient) means

Question 23

IUS AD PACEM

Answer 23

(right toward peace): Just intent, i.e. to seek justice (peace)

Question 24

PLACABILITY-

Answer 24

peaceableness

Question 25

SOLON

Answer 25

who Plato’s mother’s claims ancestry from, considered founder of Greek Law

Question 26

ACADEMY

Answer 26

the ancestor of the modern university), founded by Plato, all academy’s come from Plato’s use of the word academy

Question 27

SOCRATIC DIALECTIC

Answer 27

(philosophical genre in which two or more people discuss some philosophical topic, sometimes with no resolution)

Question 28

De iure –

Answer 28

by right (by law) – same as de jure

Question 29

De facto

Answer 29

in fact

Question 30

TRIUMVIRATE

Answer 30

Caesar invited him to be ‘fourth’ member of first TRIUMVIRATE (with Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus)
– means the order or the law of three men

Question 31

PHILLIPICS

Answer 31

•Cicero wrote the PHILLIPICS in attempt to get senate to PROSCRIBE (a kill list) Antony as enemy of state

Question 32

PROSCRIBE

Answer 32

a kill list

Question 33

OCTAVIAN

Answer 33

who would become Augustus Caesar

Question 34

ACADEMIC SKEPTICISM

Answer 34

: the impossibility of obtaining certain knowledge (somewhat like contemporary science)

Question 35

TRIPARTITE psychology

Answer 35

•Soul is:
1.Appetitive (desire, appetitio): loves pleasure and money
2.Spirited (various related roles: emotion (esp. anger), will, decision making): properly loves honour and victory
3.Logical (reason): loves truth and wisdom
•Appetitive is base; logic is superior

Question 36

ALLEGORY of the charioteer

Answer 36

Reason controlling spirit and desire