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Midterm Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Monarchy

A

A form a gov’t where power is invested in kings a queens who govern intrest of all

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2
Q

Totalitarianism

A

A form of gov’t where power resides in a leader who rules by self-intrest without regard for personal rights and liberties

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3
Q

Oligarchy

A

A form of gov’t that gives teh right to participate by weath, status, military posistion or achievement

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4
Q

Democracy

A

A system of gov’t that gives power to the people

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5
Q

Direct Democracy

A

A system of democracy which members of the polity and vote with majority rules

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6
Q

Indirect Democracy

A

A system of democracy which members vote on representitives who work on their behalf

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7
Q

Republic

A

A gov’t rooted in the consent on representives or indirect democracy

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8
Q

Political Culture

A

Commonly shared attitudes or beliefs/values about how government should be run

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9
Q

Personal Liberty

A

Freedom from the government interference -> Has changed from freedom FROM to Freedom TO

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10
Q

Political Equality

A

A principle that all citizens are the same in the eyes of the law

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11
Q

Popular Consent

A

A principle that the gov’t draws their powers from the consent of the people

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12
Q

Popular Sovereignty

A

A notion that the ultimate authority in society rests with the people

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13
Q

Political Ideology

A

Ideas of how government should be run believed by certian groups of people

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14
Q

5 Functions of US Government

A
  1. Establishing Justice
  2. Ensuring Domestic Tranquility
  3. Providing for the Common Defense
  4. Promoting the General Welfare
  5. Securing the Blessings of Liberty
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15
Q

Legitimacy

A

The belief that ruler or instituion of gov’t has right to govern

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16
Q

Virgina Plan

A

Proposed to create a strong central gov’t with 3 branches

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17
Q

New Jersey Plan

A

Proposed to strengthen the AOC, make house only 1 vote to make smaller states equal, give congress right to raise revenue, and create SC members appointed by life

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18
Q

The Great Compromise

A

Created a two house legislature with lower house elected by the people and powers divided by two houses. Gave HOR rep. by population and Senate equal rep. (also called Conneticat Comprimse)

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19
Q

3/5 Compromise

A

Each slave would count as 3/5 of a person for determining the population in the HOR

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20
Q

Seperation of Powers

A

Division of power in gov’t among the 3 branches with equality ensured by the constitution

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21
Q

Checks and Balances

A

Constitutionally gives each of the 3 branches some control over the actions of the branches

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22
Q

Federal System

A

Shared powers between states and federal governments

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23
Q

Commerce Clause (A and S)

A

Article 1 Section 8, National gov’t has the right to intervene with states dispites it it involves innerstate commerce

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24
Q

Faction

A

A group with simular intrests

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25
Leg. checks on Exec.
-Impeachemnt -Regect legislation by President -Refuse Treaties -Overrise presidental veto
26
Exec. checks on Leg.
-Veto -Call congres -Impliment laws
27
Jud. checks on Exec.
-Delcare acts unconstitutional -Preside over impeachment trials
28
Exec. checks on Jud.
-Appoint Judges -Refuse to impliment decisons
29
Jud. checks on Leg.
-Rule federal and states laws unconstituional
30
Leg. checks on Jud.
-change # of juristiction -Impeach judges -Propse constitutional amendments to overide jud. decisions
31
Valence Issues
Issues viewed the same way by both parties
32
Amendment Proccess
1st Step.) 2/3 vote by both houses or national convention of state legislatures 2/3 vote 2nd Step.) 3/4 vote of state legislatures or constitutional convention 3/4 vote
33
Political Machine
Orginization who forces voter loyalty with tangible incentives and controls member activity.
34
Party Realignment
Dramatic shift in partisan preference with parties Ex.) Great Dpression, favoring government programs
35
Critical Election
Election that shows party realignment Ex.) FDR in Great Depression
36
Secular Realignment
Gradual rearrangement of party coalitions, based on demographic shifts/partisan shifts.
37
National Levels Party Structure
#1 National Chair #2 National Committe #3 National Convention
38
State Levels Party Structure
#4 State Committe/Conventions #5 District Committes
39
Local Levels Party Structure
#6 County Committe #7 Precint and ward Committe #8 Activists/Volunteers #9 Voters
40
Delegate
Selected individuals who swear and vote for certian candiadates in a primary
41
Super Delegates
A delegate who is not limited on who to vote for in a primary (only in democratic party)
42
Bonus Delegates
Delegates granted loyal states
43
Linkage Institution
An institution that connects the people to government Ex.) Politcal parties platforms
44
Primary Election
Election of chosing which canidates will represent a party in the general election
45
Closed Primary
Election of chosing which canidates will represent a party in the general election.
46
Open Primary
registered voters can vote any party for primary despite registration
47
Run-off primary
Top two canidates from primary are voted on again
48
Porportinal rep. primary
Amount of delegates candiate get in a runoff primary
49
Front-Loading
Chosing a primary/cacaus date early in the year of the campaging and election.
50
Political Efficiancy
Feeling as one vote matters
51
Double Jepordy
Being put on trial twice for the same crime
52
Spoiler Effect
Whena minor party costs a major party candidate an election
53
Gridlock
Lack of action in gov't due to unwillingness to comprimise
54
Gender Gap
Difference in gender voting expectations
55
Individual campagin fin. allows and restrictions
Allows: can give up to $3300 directly to candidate Restrictions: Monitered by FEC and has to file discloser
56
527 political commitee campagin fin. allows and restrictions
Allows: issue group that can give unlimited money to advocacy Restrictions: Cant directly say “vote for” and cordinate with campagins/candidate and files discloser under IRS
57
Super PACs campagin fin. allows and restrictions
Allows: can give unlimited amount of money to candidate Restrictions: cant directly cordinate with candidate, have to file disclosers under FEC Ex.) corps group lots of other corps money into big pool so they dont show advocacy just a super PAC
58
501 (c) (4) campagin fin. allows and restrictions
Allows: money is funneled through super PAC to pormote “social welfare education” and can fin. unlimited money with NO DISCLOSER Restrictions: Monitered by IRS and cant cordinate with candiate or campagin.
59
Public Funds
Funds to preidental candidate from taxes to their campaign
60
Matching Funds
Donation in presidental campagins that every dollar less than $251 raised by one person is matched by federal treasery.
61
The Tillman Act
First cf act that was created to eliminate $$ to corrupt politics. It made it restricted for corps to donate to candidates or campaigns
62
Hatch Act
Did not allow civil servants from activist roles in partisan campaigns
63
FECA
-Set limits on donations -Sets limits on spending -Requires discloser -Created FEC
64
BCRA
-adjusts individual limits for donations -keeps PAC limit -Eliminated SOFT MONEY -illigal for corps to spend money of electonreering communications or advocacy
65
Retrospective judgement
Voters evaluation of party in power
66
Prospective judgement
Evaluation of candiate and what they say they will do
67
Initative
Submitting issues in a ballot
68
Referendum
issue on ballot that is changed or kept
69
Elector
A person in the Electoral College who participates in the electoral college (senate and HOR)
70
Political Socialization
How you got to who you are politically.
71
Conventional Political Participation
Exersizing traditional involvment in gov't such as voting.
72
Unconventional Political Participation
Exersizing nontraditional involvment in gov't such as protesting
73
Article 1
Article 1 sets up the legislative branch and it splits the poer into HOR and senate that makes laws. (Lists powers)
74
Article 2
Sets up the executive branch, vp and p, and electoral college
75
Article 3
Sets up judicial branch with a supreme court and says it interprets the laws
76
Article 4
Talks about relations bewteen states that they have to be faitful and states can be added
77
Article 5
Talks about creating amendments.
78
Article 6
Sets up criteria for being president and gov't officals with oath
79
Article 7
Constitution is ratified!
80
How many votes in electoral to win?
270
81
Participatory Democracy
Citizens have the power to decide directly on policy and are responciple for decisions
82
Pluralist Democracy
No 1 group dominates groups compete to influence policy
83
Elite Democracy
Small groups of ppl infleunce desicion making (usally wealthy or well educated)
84
McCollach v Maryland Con. issues
Supremecy Clause and N & P clause
85
Baker v. Car Con. Issues
Equal Protection Clause, created unequal districts so improvised this law and ruled they were unconsittutuional
86
Shaw v. Reno Con. Issues
Equal Protection Clause, becaus ethey created districts so they could get a majority black people for more black representitives, race cannot be only factor
87
Marbury v Madison facts
Madison lost to Jefferson, Madison packed judges with federlists before he left and someone were undeleivered so Jefferson took out the undelivered. Marbury wanted a writ of mandamus so he could get his job tha he was legally entitled to do.
88
Marbury v. Madison Con. Issue
JURISTICTION clauses and what cases federal gov can have, can only deal with states and ambassiators
89
Marybury v. Madison Opinion
Yes he was allowed his commision it was just a mistake. Then yes, he can sue with writ of mandamus but the surpeme court cant do writs of mandamus because it is not stated in con. He thought they could because it was og juristiction but he was wrong because it interferes with articles III says he is not an ambasitor or state.

AP Government (6 decks)

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