Midterm Week #1 Content

Question 1

Define anatomy

Answer 1

The study of the structure of the human body, including internal and external structures and their relationships.

Question 2

Define physiology

Answer 2

The study of how body parts function and work together.

Question 3

What are the subdisciplines of anatomy?

Answer 3

• Gross Anatomy
• Regional Anatomy
• Systemic Anatomy
• Microscopic Anatomy (Histology)
• Developmental Anatomy
• Embryology
• Pathological Anatomy
• Radiographic Anatomy
• Functional Morphology

Question 4

What is Gross Anatomy?

Answer 4

Study of structures visible to the naked eye.

Question 5

What is Regional Anatomy?

Answer 5

Focuses on body regions (e.g., head, limbs).

Question 6

What is Systemic Anatomy?

Answer 6

Studies body systems (e.g., skeletal, muscular).

Question 7

What is Microscopic Anatomy?

Answer 7

Examines tissues and cells.

Question 8

What is Developmental Anatomy?

Answer 8

Studies structural changes from fertilization to adulthood.

Question 9

What is Embryology?

Answer 9

Focuses on development from fertilization to 8 weeks.

Question 10

What is Pathological Anatomy?

Answer 10

Studies structural changes due to disease.

Question 11

What is Radiographic Anatomy?

Answer 11

Uses imaging techniques (X-ray, MRI).

Question 12

Define anatomical terminology using word roots

Answer 12

Anatomical terms are derived from Greek and Latin for precise communication.

Question 13

What is the chemical level of structural organization?

Answer 13

Atoms form molecules.

Question 14

What is the cellular level of structural organization?

Answer 14

Cells are the basic functional units of life.

Question 15

What is the tissue level of structural organization?

Answer 15

Groups of cells performing common functions.

Question 16

What is the organ level of structural organization?

Answer 16

Structures composed of multiple tissues (e.g., stomach, heart).

Question 17

What is the organ system level of structural organization?

Answer 17

Organs working together for a purpose (e.g., digestive system).

Question 18

What is the organismal level of structural organization?

Answer 18

The fully functional human body.

Question 19

List the functions of the Integumentary System

Answer 19

• Protection
• Vitamin D synthesis
• Sensory reception

Question 20

What is the main function of the Skeletal System?

Answer 20

Structure, protection, blood cell formation, mineral storage.

Question 21

What does the Muscular System do?

Answer 21

Movement, posture, heat production.

Question 22

What is the function of the Nervous System?

Answer 22

Fast-acting control, sensory processing, response to stimuli.

Question 23

What does the Lymphatic System/Immunity do?

Answer 23

Fluid balance, immune response.

Question 24

What is the primary function of the Respiratory System?

Answer 24

Oxygen intake, carbon dioxide removal, voice production.

Question 25

What does the Digestive System do?

Answer 25

Food breakdown, nutrient absorption, waste elimination.

Question 26

What is the role of the Cardiovascular System?

Answer 26

Circulates blood, delivers oxygen, removes waste.

Question 27

What does the Endocrine System regulate?

Answer 27

Hormone production, metabolism regulation.

Question 28

What is the function of the Urinary System?

Answer 28

Waste elimination, electrolyte and pH balance.

Question 29

What does the Reproductive System produce?

Answer 29

Gamete production, hormone secretion.

Question 30

What metric unit is used to measure length?

Answer 30

Meter (m), Centimeter (cm), Micrometer (µm).

Question 31

What metric unit is used to measure volume?

Answer 31

Liter (L), Milliliter (mL).

Question 32

What metric unit is used to measure mass?

Answer 32

Kilogram (kg), Gram (g).

Question 33

Define anatomical position

Answer 33

Standing upright with feet together, eyes forward, palms facing forward, thumbs pointed outward.

Question 34

What is the Sagittal Plane?

Answer 34

Divides the body into left and right parts.

Question 35

What is the Frontal (Coronal) Plane?

Answer 35

Divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.

Question 36

What is the Transverse Plane?

Answer 36

Divides the body into superior and inferior parts.

Question 37

What does the Dorsal Cavity protect?

Answer 37

Nervous system.

Question 38

What structures are housed in the Cranial Cavity?

Answer 38

Brain.

Question 39

What structures are enclosed in the Vertebral Cavity?

Answer 39

Spinal cord.

Question 40

What is found in the Thoracic Cavity?

Answer 40

Lungs, heart (pleural and pericardial cavities).

Question 41

What organs are found in the Abdominal Cavity?

Answer 41

Liver, stomach, intestines.

Question 42

What is contained in the Pelvic Cavity?

Answer 42

Bladder, reproductive organs, rectum.

Question 43

What does the Pleural Cavity surround?

Answer 43

Lungs.

Question 44

What does the Pericardial Cavity surround?

Answer 44

Heart.

Question 45

What does the Peritoneal Cavity surround?

Answer 45

Abdominal organs.

Question 46

What organs are in the Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)?

Answer 46

* Liver * Gallbladder

Question 47

What organs are in the Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)?

Answer 47

* Stomach * Spleen

Question 48

What organs are in the Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)?

Answer 48

* Appendix * Ascending colon

Question 49

What organs are in the Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)?

Answer 49

* Descending colon * Small intestine

Question 50

What does an X-ray visualize best?

Answer 50

Bones and dense structures.

Question 51

What is a CAT Scan used for?

Answer 51

Creates cross-sectional images of soft tissues and organs.

Question 52

What is Angiography used for?

Answer 52

Detects blockages in arteries.

Question 53

What does a PET Scan visualize?

Answer 53

Metabolic activity.

Question 54

What is Sonography commonly used for?

Answer 54

Pregnancy imaging and soft tissues.

Question 55

What does an MRI provide?

Answer 55

Soft tissue contrast.

Question 56

Identify the major components of the integumentary system

Answer 56

* Skin * Hair * Nails * Glands

Question 57

What are the main functions of skin?

Answer 57

* Protective barrier * Regulates body temperature * Produces vitamin D * Enables sensory reception

Question 58

What are the three layers of the skin?

Answer 58

* Epidermis * Dermis * Hypodermis

Question 59

What do keratinocytes produce?

Answer 59

Keratin.

Question 60

What is the function of sebaceous glands?

Answer 60

Lubricate and waterproof skin and hair.

Question 61

What do sudoriferous glands do?

Answer 61

Help regulate body temperature and remove waste.

Question 62

What role does dermal circulation play?

Answer 62

Essential for temperature regulation and nutrient delivery.

Question 63

How does the skin sense touch, pressure, and pain?

Answer 63

Through sensory receptors that detect external stimuli.

Question 64

What are the types of hair?

Answer 64

* Vellus hair * Terminal hair * Lanugo

Question 65

What is the Anagen Phase in hair growth?

Answer 65

Active growth phase.

Question 66

What is the function of nails?

Answer 66

* Protect fingertips and toes * Assist in fine motor skills and grip strength

Question 67

Why are mammary glands considered specialized integumentary glands?

Answer 67

They produce and secrete milk for infant nourishment.

Question 68

What hormone stimulates milk production in mammary glands?

Answer 68

Prolactin.

Question 69

What triggers milk release from mammary glands?

Answer 69

Oxytocin.