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ORAL COMM > MIDTERMS > Flashcards

MIDTERMS Flashcards

1
Q

part of the text or statement that surrounds a particular word and determines its meaning

A

Speech Context

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2
Q

Helps explain the situation something is in

A

Speech Context

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3
Q

Three types of speech context

A
  1. Intrapersonal
  2. Interpersonal
  3. Public communication
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4
Q

Communication with one’s self

A

Intrapersonal communication

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5
Q

This is the most basic level of communication

A

Intrapersonal communication

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6
Q

Unconscious to conscious

A

Intrapersonal Communication

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7
Q

Uses of Intrapersonal communication

A

-clarifying ideas
-analyzing a situation
-reflect upon or appreciete something

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8
Q

Three aspects of Intrapersonal Communication

A
  1. Self-concept
  2. Perception
  3. Expectations
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9
Q

means self-perception or view you have of yourself

A

self-concept

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10
Q

in self concept, this where your ____ and _____ are formed

A

beliefs and attitudes

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11
Q

Three factors of self-concept

A

-beliefs
-values
-attitudes

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12
Q

This is a factor of self-concept that tackles the personal orientation about what is true or false; good or bad

A

beliefs

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13
Q

This is a factor of self concept that is the deep seated orientation and IDEALS based on beliefs

A

values

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14
Q

IDEALS; _______

A

values

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15
Q

This is a factor of self-concept that is the learned predespition towards or against a topic. Stems from values and often global and emotional.

A

Attitudes

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16
Q

global and emotional

A

attitudes

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17
Q

based on values

A

attitudes

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18
Q

based on beliefs

A

values

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19
Q

If self-concept focuses internally, this looks outward and is stemmed on beliefs, values, and attitudes.

A

perception

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20
Q

future-oriented messages dealing with long term roles and is an aspect of intrapersonal communication

A

Expectations

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21
Q

sometimes called life scripts

A

expectations

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22
Q

projections of learned relationships within the family or society

A

expectations

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23
Q

Different levels of Communicative Activity

A

-internal discourse
-solo vocal communication
-solo written communication

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24
Q

A level of communicative activity that involves thinking, concentrating and analyzing.

A

internal discourse

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25
Q

what did the pyschologists include in internal discourse category?

A

daydreaming and nocturnal dreaming

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26
Q

Prayer, contemplation and meditation also are part of this category

A

internal discourse

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27
Q

this is a level of communicative activity that involves speaking a loud to oneself

A

solo vocal communication

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28
Q

why do we do solo vocal communication?

A

-clarify thinking
-rehearse a message intended for others
-let off steam

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29
Q

What does solo written communication involve?

A

It involves writing not intended for others, like a diary.

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30
Q

this a process in which it is a SYSTEMATIC series of actions that leads to an outcome

A

interpersonal communication

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31
Q

actions performed when sending a message

A

message production

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32
Q

activities those listenng to the message perform to UNDERSTAND what the speaker intends.

A

message interpretation

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33
Q

activities participant perform to adjust their behavior to that of their partner

A

interaction coordination

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34
Q

Purposes of interpersonal communication?

A

-share meaing
-meet social goals
-manage personal identity
-conduct relationships

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35
Q

significance that sender and receiver attach to a message

A

meaning

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36
Q

how can shared meaning occur?

A

when the receiver’s interpretation of the message is similar to what the speaker thought of.

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37
Q

another reason why people communicate

A

meeting social goals

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38
Q

helps us distinguish people form one another

A

personal identity

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39
Q

Through _______ communication, we create and manage relationships

A

interpersonal

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40
Q

Categories of interpersonal comm, according to number of people

A

dyadic communication and small group discussion

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41
Q

involves two people so communication is a TWO-WAY flow

A

dyadic

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42
Q

characterized by intimacy, immediacy and proximity, so interpersonal communication in this is immediete, feedback is immediete, because participants are facing each other.

A

dyadic

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43
Q

three or more persons, like a f2f group discussion

A

small group discussion

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44
Q

As more people are added to the group, interaction becomes more _______

A

difficult because people cannot talk freely

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45
Q

Characteristics of Interpersonal Communication

A

-continous
-transactional
-irrversible
-situated
-indexial

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46
Q

Interpersonal is continous because?

A

we constantly cosciously pr subconsciously send verbal and non verbal messages

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47
Q

Interpersonal is transactional because?

A

each participant gains something

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48
Q

Interpersonal is irreversible because?

A

it can never be ignored or taken back once you say something

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49
Q

Interpersonal is situated because?

A

occurs within a specific communication setting, which affects how messages are interpreted

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50
Q

Interpersonal is indexical because?

A

how we communicate is a measure of our relationship at a particular time

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51
Q

extent to which partners in a relationship rely on

A

trust

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52
Q

control

A

extent to which each personal has POWER or is “in charge”

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53
Q

degree of emotional closeness

A

intimacy

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54
Q

engage in dialogue in the public sphere to deliver a message to a specific audience

A

public communication

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55
Q

examples of public communication

A

-public speaking events
-newspaper editorials
-billboard advertisements

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56
Q

powerful tool to deliver an information not preciously known before

A

public communication

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57
Q

important for success in school, career advancement, and for increasing self-confidence

A

public communication

58
Q

public communication speeches fall into 3 general categories, what are these

A

inform, persuade, entertain

59
Q

Characteristics of public communication

A

-prompted by important events
-public messages are constructed with more care that are most interpersonal messages
-audiences are large and heterogeneous
-physically distant from audience
-takes place in public sphere

60
Q

private sphere

A

own interest

61
Q

public sphere

A

when we communicate as members of a larger community

62
Q

Reasons why we engage in public communication

A

-stakes are high, we take stand on issues
-think more rigorosuly and imagine more abundantly
-necessary skill in most professional and managerial positions

63
Q

Speech styles are characterized by ______

A

formality

64
Q

Who made the 5 speech styles?

A

Martin Joos in 1959, cited by Beeching, Armstrong, and Gadet in 2009

65
Q

5 speech styles

A
  1. frozen style (most formal)
  2. formal style
  3. consultative style
  4. casual style
  5. intimate style (most informal)
66
Q

style for declamation and for print, listener is not allowed to question the speaker and is not allowed to speak or voice out opinion, therefore discourages people from speaking

A

frozen style

67
Q

extreme and impersonal style and is marked by social distance

A

frozen style

68
Q

what can cause the social distance in frozen style

A

sociocutural variances

69
Q

this speech style is more characteristic of WRITING than SPEECH, if spoken it is only for the most formal occasions

A

frozen style

70
Q

this speech style writing reflects labor of revision (watchful development of though, sound planning, attention to stylistic features, word appropriateness, rules of usage, etc)

A

frozen style

71
Q

this speech style calls reader to enter into a personal experience of artistic discovery to find more reflective values and meanings with each repetition, converting the text to this speech style (nirerecite lang niya) (brodrivk, 1976)

A

frozen style

72
Q

uses MOST complex grammar structure and vocabulary

A

frozen style

73
Q

customary, ritualized that permits listeners to recognize the GRANDER SPEECH EVENT it is embedded

A

frozen style

74
Q

have no distinction in the range of expressions and deviation from predetermined norms

A

frozen style

75
Q

this speech style’s goal is TO INFORM, projected to a captive audience

A

formal style

76
Q

like the formal style, this speech style is impersonal and marked by social distance

A

formal style

77
Q

entails advanced planning and speaker is under obligation to offer a plan for the whole sentence before he begins expressing it

A

formal style

78
Q

needs CAUTIOUS editing

A

formal style

79
Q

in this speech style, when the speaker speaks something it has already been organized/planned before hand (reading the news, delivering a speech)

A

formal style

80
Q

in this speech style, it uses formal english (book, news reports, magazine, journal articles, business letters, or official speeches)

A

formal style

81
Q

speech style uses INTRICATE COMPLEX sentences and noun phrases that are well structured, logically sequenced, strongly coherent and uses formal words and expressions

A

formal style

82
Q

in this speech style, the standard of correctness is high. Some phrases that are correct in normal english (informal english) is not correct in formal english

A

formal style

83
Q

this speech style does NOT allow ellipsis, contractions, qualifying mofal adverbials (probably, possibly) and subjectivity markers (pronouns)

Example: “kind of”

A

formal style

84
Q

typical speech style for speaking to strangers or persons who are neither acquaintances nor friends (in dialog, or interview)

A

consultative style

85
Q

two essential features of consultative style

A

a.) speaker supplies background info-does not assume that he will be understood without it
b.) listener participates continously

86
Q

this speech style uses FEEDBACK and LISTENER PARTICIPATION

A

consultative style

87
Q

In consultative style, where does the speaker depend to, to know what he is going to say next?

A

The speaker depends on the listener responses in deciding whether he is being understood, should be more specific, or should reformulate

88
Q

chosen style for communicating with strangers we feel we share sociocultural and situational assumptions or opinions.

A

consultative style

89
Q

UNPLANNED SPEECH; UNMARKED; STARTING POINT; ORDINARY TYPE OF SPEECH

What speech style is this?

A

consultative style

90
Q

this speech style uses contractions (we’re for we are) and fillers and hedges (“oh,” “I see”)

A

consultative style

91
Q

This style is used in conversations between friends and insider who have something to share and have shared background information.

A

Casual or Informal Style

92
Q

This speech style is marked by numerous degrees of subtlety because of intimacy between speaker and listener

A

Casual or Informal Style

93
Q

this speech style has unrestricted and relaxed participation

A

Casual or Informal Style

94
Q

informal language

A

Casual or Informal Style

95
Q

speech is spontaneous and not prepared ahead of time, or the writer is writing quickly without editing (internet chat rooms, blogs, personal emails, tweets)

A

Casual or Informal Style

96
Q

Give examples of Casual or Informal Style

A

Internet chat rooms, blogs, personal emails, tweets

97
Q

How will you make a person at ease if you want to get to know them more?

A

Use casual language.

98
Q

What are the significant literary devices of casual or informal style?

A

Ellipsis (…), slang (Break a leg), profanities (balderdash!), and unconventional english

99
Q

This comes in the forms of omission of phonological, grammatical, or lexical units

A

ellipsis

100
Q

“dude”, “to tick someone off”, “like crazy”, “uh-uh”

A

Casual or Informal Style

101
Q

shortened words like “lemme go”

A

Casual or Informal Style

102
Q

this speech style is used in conversation between people who are very close, have a thorough going shared background information

A

Intimate Style

103
Q

this speech style is characterized by an economy of words, with a high incidence of NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION (gestures, facial expression, eye-contact)

A

Intimate Style

104
Q

Free and relaxed participation, far more elliptical than casual or informal style

A

Intimate Style

105
Q

Coffee’s Cold; Casual Style
Cold (with some non-verbal gestures); _______

A

Intimate Style

106
Q

Often not heard in courtrooms although the affirmatice “uh-huh” sometimes used by witnesses.

A

Intimate Style

107
Q

May be used among jurors during their out-of-the-courtroom deliberations after their intense, highly informal interaction in the courtroom

A

Intimate Style

108
Q

An utterance that a speaker makes to achieve an INTENDED EFFECT

A

Speech Acts

109
Q

some functions of this are apology, greeting, request, complaint, invitation, compliment, or refusal

A

Speech Acts

110
Q

This can be a word, a phrase, a sentence

“Thanks” and “thank you” both show appreciation regardless of the length of the statement

A

Speech Acts

111
Q

This is a functional unit in communication

A

Speech Acts

112
Q

Act that the speaker perforrms when he makes an UTTERANCE

A

Speech Acts

113
Q

Types of Speech Acts

A

-Locutionary Act
-Illocutionary Act
-Perlocutionary Act

114
Q

Explain the concept of Locutionary Act

A

it is the ACTUAL WORDS SPOKEN
act of SAYING or WRITING something in the language

115
Q

UTTERANCE

A

Locutionary Act

116
Q

It is the “intention” we have when saying or writing something

A

Illocutionary Act

117
Q

the FORCE of the word

A

Illocutionary Act

118
Q

-stating an opinion, conforming, or denying something;
-making a prediction, a promise or a request;
-issuing an order or a decision
-giving advice or permission

A

Illocutionary act because these are the intentions of the utterance of a word or phrase.

119
Q

It’s more fun in the Philippines (intention)

A

opinion

120
Q

I’ll help you clean the house tomorrow (intention)

A

promise

121
Q

Get my things in the office (intention)

A

order

122
Q

refers to the consequent effect of what was said. The response may not necessarily be physical or verbal.

A

Perlocutionary Act

123
Q

Aim of this speech act is to change feelings, thoughts or actions.

A

Perlocutionary Act

124
Q

this speech act is highly influenced by “prior knowledge”

A

Perlocutionary Act

125
Q

According to ______ (1962), a philosopher language and the DEVELOPER OF SPEECH ACTS THEORY

A

J.L Austin

126
Q

What are John Searle’s (professor from university of California, Berkely, in response to Austin) classification of illocutionary acts?

A
  1. Assistive/Representatives
  2. Directives
  3. Commissive
  4. Expressive
  5. Declarations
127
Q

Illocutionary speech act

commits the speaker to something being the case (suggesting, putting forward, swearing, boasting, concluding)

A

Representatives/Assistives

128
Q

Illocutionary speech act

speaker expresses belief about the truth of a proposition (NO ONE MAKES BETTER PANCAKES THAN ME)

A

Representatives/Assistives

129
Q

Illocutionary speech act

they try to make the adressee perform an action (asking, ordering, requesting, inviting, advising, begging)

A

Directives

130
Q

Illocutionary speech act

commits the speaker to doing something in the future (promising, planning, vowing, betting, opposing)

A

Commissive

131
Q

Illocutionary speech act

expresses how the speaker feels about the situation (thanking, apologizing, welcoming, deploring)

A

Expressive

132
Q

Illocutionary speech act

Changes the state of the world in an immediate way (firing, baptizing, bidding, passing a sentence)

A

Declarations

133
Q

______ brings into existence or cause the state of affairs which they refer to.

A

Declarations

134
Q

“No one makes better pancakes than me”

A

Representatives/Assistives

135
Q

“Please close the door”

A

Directives

136
Q

“From now on, I will participate in our group activity”

A

Commisive cause future oriented

137
Q

“I am so sorry for not helping out in our group projects and letting you all do the work”

A

Expressive

138
Q

“You are fired”

A

Declarations

139
Q

“No one can love you better than I do”

A

Representatives/Assistives

140
Q

“From now on, I will love you and honor you for the rest of my life”

A

Comissive

ORAL COMM (1 decks)

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