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Hydrology > MIDTERMS > Flashcards

MIDTERMS Flashcards

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1
Q

It is a multidisciplinary subject that deals with occurrence, circulation, storage, and distribution of surface and ground water here on earth.

A

Hydrology

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2
Q

It is a well draining soil type that holds moisture.

A

Loam

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3
Q

Soil type that gets waterlogged and holds nutrients .

A

Clay

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4
Q

Soil type that drains quickly and holds fewer nutrients.

A

Sand

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5
Q

Soil type that is easily compacted and fertile.

A

Silt

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6
Q

It is the arrangement of natural and artificial physical features of an area.

A

Topography

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7
Q

It is the study of landforms, their processes, form and sediments at the surface of the earth.

A

Geomorphology

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8
Q

Is the science dealing with atmosphere and its phenomena, including both weather and climate.

A

Meteorology

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9
Q

It is the science that deals with earth’s physical feature and substance, its history, and the processes that act on it.

A

Geology

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10
Q

The branch of science that deals with the physical and biological properties and phenomena of the sea.

A

Oceanography

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11
Q

Study of the relationships between living organisms, including humans, and their physical environment.

A

Ecology

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12
Q

A branch of physics concerned
with the mechanics of fluids
and the forces on them.

A

Fluid mechanics

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13
Q

A branch of physics that deals with the motion of fluids and the forces acting on solid bodies immersed in fluids and in motion relative to them.

A

Hydrodynamics

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14
Q

is a specific kind of civil engineering
that involves the design of new
systems and equipment that help
manage human water resources.

A

Water Resources Engineering

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15
Q

Prime requirement for the
existence of life.

A

Water

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16
Q

Who in Middle East had early water management practice?

A

Sumerians and Egyptians

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17
Q

Huang He

A

Yellow River

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18
Q

The first
serious students of hydrology

A

The Greek Philosophers

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19
Q

Proposed the conversion of moist
air into water deep inside mountains

A

Aristotle

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20
Q

Suggested the idea of an
underground sea as the source of all surface
waters

A

Homer

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21
Q

Romans had __ aqueducts
constructed over a period of 500
years.

A

11

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22
Q

A watercourse constructed to carry water from a source to a distribution point far away.

A

Aqueduct

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23
Q

discovered the relationship between Area,
Velocity and Flow Rate during the Italian Renaissance.

A

Leonardo da Vinci

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24
Q

first recorded measurement of rainfall and surface
flow in the 17th Century.

A

Perrault

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25
used a small pan to estimate evaporation in the Mediterranean Sea and made several conclusions.
Halley
26
gaged the velocity of flow in the Seine River in Paris
Mariotte
27
Law for flow in porous media
Darcy's Law
28
developed capillary flow equation to describe flow in small channels
Hagen - Poseuille Equation
29
Equation developed to describe pipe flow around 1850s
Darcy - Weisbach Equation
30
Period before AD 1400
Period of Speculation
31
PERIODS IN THE HISTORY OF HYDROLOGY
Period of Speculation Period of Observation Period of Measurement Period of Experimentation Period of Modernization Period of Empiricism Period of Rationalization Period of Theorization
32
produced a significant step forward for the field of hydrology, as government agencies began to develop their own programs of hydrologic research.
Period of Rationalization
33
is the major hydrologic link between oceans and continents on the planet, facilitating the cycle of water movement on Earth.
Atmosphere
34
is the lowest layer of our atmosphere.
Troposphere
35
LAYERS OF EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE
Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere Exosphere Ionosphere
36
Most meteors burn up here.
Mesosphere
37
Many satellites orbit here.
Thermosphere
38
outermost layer of the Earth’s atmosphere.
Exosphere
39
What temperature does water freezes in C°?
0°
40
What temperature does water boil in C°?
100°
41
is not a distinct layer like the other layers of the atmosphere
Ionosphere
42
is both a major catalyst and a balancing factor of atmospheric processes that create the weather in the lower atmosphere
Water Vapor Content
43
is a measure of the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere and can be expressed in several ways.
Humidity
44
The mass of water vapor in a unit volume of air
Absolute Humidity
45
The mass of the water vapor compared to the total mass of air parcel
Specific Humidity
46
The mass of the water vapor compared to the total mass of the rest of the air parcel
Water mixing ratio
47
True or False? High pressure system brings clouds and precipitation.
False - Low Pressure System
48
Their tops are rounded, puffy, and a brilliant white when sunlit, while their bottoms are flat and relatively dark
Cumulus Cloud
49
They hang low in the sky as a flat, featureless, uniform layer of grayish cloud.
Stratus Cloud
50
These are low, puffy, grayish or whitish clouds that occur in patches with blue sky visible in between. Dark, honeycomb appearance.
Stratocumulus Cloud
51
white or gray patches that dot the sky in large, rounded masses or clouds that are aligned in parallel bands.
Altocumulus Cloud
52
cover the sky in a dark gray layer. They can extend from the low and middle layers of the atmosphere and are thick enough to blot out the sun.
Nimbostratus Cloud
53
Appear as gray or bluish-gray sheets of cloud that partially or totally cover the sky at mid-levels.
Altostratus
54
They are made up of tiny ice crystals rather than water droplets. Latin for "curl of hair"
Cirrus
55
Clouds often arranged in rows that live at high altitudes and are made of ice crystals.
Cirrocumulus
56
Are transparent, whitish clouds that veil or cover nearly the entire sky. Halo.
Cirrostratus
57
Are one of the few clouds that span the low, middle, and high layers.
Cumulonimbus
58
Is essentially a low cloud with a base that is very near the ground, often reducing the visibility in the area around it.
Fog
59
The general circulation of wind across the earth is caused by ______ & ______.
✓ Uneven heating of earth's surface through solar input ✓ Earth's rotation
60
A phenomenon that causes fluids, like water and air, to curve as they travel across or above Earth’s surface
Coriolis Effect
61
Best known for his work on the supplementary forces that are detected in a rotating frame of reference.
Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis
62
are prevailing winds from the west toward the east in the middle latitudes between 30 and 60 degrees latitude.
Westerlies/Anti-trades
63
are the permanent east-to-west prevailing winds that flow in the Earth's equatorial region
Easterlies
64
These latitudes are characterized by calm winds and little precipitation
Horse latitudes
65
Tropical Storm that form over the Southern Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean.
Cyclones
66
Tropical storm that form over the Atlantic and Eastern Pacific Ocean.
Hurricane
67
Are narrow bands of high-speed winds that circle each hemisphere like great rivers, at elevations extending from 2.5 or 3 miles to above the tropopause.
Jet streams
68
Tropical storm that form over the Northwest Pacific Ocean.
Typhoons
69
Boundary between one air mass and another.
Frontal zone or front
70
Denotes all forms of water that reach the earth from the atmosphere.
Precipitation
71
A plot of rainfall intensity (in/hr) vs. time
Hyetograph
72
This type of rain gauge generates an electric signal (i.e., a pulse) for each unit of precipitation collected, and allows automatic or remote observation with a recorder or a counter
Tipping Bucket Rain Gauge
73
type of gauge used at non-automated observatories.
Ordinary Rain Gauge
74
this type of rain gauge can also be used to measure snow, it is alternatively known as snow gauge
Cylindrical Rain Gauge
75
rain gauge that enables automatic, continuous measurement and recording of precipitation.
Siphon Rain Gauge
76
3 STAGES OF THUNDERSTORMS
Cumulus Stage Mature Stage Dissipating Stage
77
is a necessary source for precipitation and is generally provided from evaporation and transpiration
Atmosphere moisture
78
Stages of Cyclone
Wind Shear Indention in Front (Wave) Cold and Warm Front Advance Cold Front catches up with warm front Occlusion of warm front Dissipation
79
3 Globe Cells
Polar Mid-latitude Hadley

Hydrology (5 decks)

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