MIDTERMS Flashcards by Docayag Angelica S.

“clearly defined
geographical space, recognized, dedicated and managed, through legal or other effective means, to achieve
the long-term conservation of nature with associated ecosystem services and cultural values.

Protected Area

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

geographically defined area which is
designated or regulated and managed to achieve specific conservation objectives

Protected Area

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

encompass a broad range of ecosystems, including wetland, tropical or deciduous forest, alpine, savanna, and marine.

Protected Area

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

6 protected area management categories

1.Strict nature reserve
2.Wilderness area
3.National Park
4.Natural monument/feature
5.Habitat/species management area
6.Protected landscape/seascape
7.Protected areas with sustainable use of natural resources

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

An area possessing some outstanding ecosystem, features, and species of flora and
fauna of national scientific importance that should be maintained to protect and to preserve nature in its undisturbed state and to preserve nature in its undisturbed state and to preserve ecologically representative

Strict Nature Reserve

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Land of the public domain which has been reserved as such by law to preserve its natural conditions, maintain its hydrologic quality and restrict public use in the interest of national welfare and security.

Wilderness Area

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Land of the public domain classified as such in the Philippine Constitution that includes all
areas under the NIPAS, primarily designated for the conservation of native plants and animals, their associated habitats and cultural diversity.

National Park

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A relatively small area focused on the protection of small features to protect or preserve nationally significant natural features on account of their special interest or unique characteristics.

Natural monument

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Areas of national significance which are characterized by the harmonious
interaction of man, land, and water while providing opportunities for public enjoyment through recreation, tourism, and other economic activities.

Protected Landscape/Seascap

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A protected area in which the aim is to
protect and preserve biological diversity in the long term.

Protected Areas With Sustainable Use Of Natural Resources

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

refers to variability among living organisms from all sources including inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part;

Biological diversity or biodiversity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

this includes diversity within species and of ecosystems

Biological diversity or biodiversity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

refers to the research, collection, and utilization of biological and genetic resources for purposes of applying the knowledge derived therefrom solely for commercial purposes;

Bioprospecting

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

refer to identified areas outside the boundaries of and immediately adjacent to designated protected areas that need special development control in order to avoid or minimize harm, to the protected area.

Buffer zones

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

the actual ground survey of the boundaries of protected areas and their buffer zones and
the management and management zones using the global positioning system (GPS) or other applicable survey instruments and technologies, with the intention of producing a map of the area;

Delineation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

the establishment of the boundaries of protected areas and their buffer zones using visible markers, monuments, bouys in case of marine areas, and known natural features and landmarks, among others,

Demarcation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The result of the actual ground delineation

Demarcation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

refer to the multitude of material and non-material provisions and benefits from healthy ecosystems necessary for human sustenance, well-being, and survival including support processes, provisioning, and environment regulating services, and cultural resource preservation services;

Ecosystem goods and services

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

refer to the species or subspecies of flora and fauna that are naturally occurring and found within specific areas in the country;

Endemic species

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

refers to the act of searching or prospecting for mineral resources as defined by law, by geological, geochemical or geophysical surveys, remote sensing, test pitting, trenching, drilling, shaft sinking, tunneling or
any other means for the purpose of determining the existence

Exploration

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

refer to any living organism that possesses a novel combination of genetic material through the use of modern biotechnology;

Genetically modified organism (GMO)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

refer to the killing or catching of wild fauna for food and recreational purposes, with the use of weapons

Hunting

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

refer to the slash-and-burn cultivation of vegetated land in the protected area, whether occupied or not, shifting and permanent with little or no provision to prevent soil erosion;

Kaingin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

refers to the area where settlement, traditional and sustainable land use including agriculture, agroforestry, extraction activities, and income generating or livelihood activities may be allowed

Multiple use zone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

refers to the continuous stay of individuals or groups within a protected area, whether residing or engaging in the cultivation of land or fishing for more than twenty -four (24) hours;

Occupying

refers to gathering, collecting or possessing products or natural resources from the protected area by any individual person, corporation or entity whether local or foreign;

Poaching

refer to persons who are residing, utilizing, and cultivating areas within the protected area. These include private owners, Ips, tenured migrants and informal settlers;

Protected area occupants

refers to plants or animals declared protected under the Philippine laws, rules and regulations.

Protected species

refers to the process of extracting, removing, and disposing of sand, gravel, guano, limestone, and all other resources used as building and construction materials that are found within the protected area;

Quarrying

refer to protected area occupants who have been actually, continuously and presently occupying a portion of the protected area for five (5) years before the proclamation or law establishing the same as a protected area,

Tenured migrants

refer to the species or subspecies considered critically endangered, vulnerable, or other accepted categories of wildlife whose population is at risk of extinction;

Threatened species

refers to the wild forms and varieties of flora and fauna, in all development stages, including those which are in captivity or are being bred, fed, or propagated;

Wildlife

What is the importance of a Protected area?

1. Protected area sustains life 2. Protected area contributes to poverty reduction

the critical tool to conserve biodiversity in the face of the global crisis of species extinction and the loss of the world’s natural capacity to support all life and human existence.

Protected area

Economic engines

Protected area

What are the benefits of protected areas?

Subsistence (food) Economic (income) Cultural and spiritual Environmental services Political Safeguarding human health

What are the threats to protected areas?

1. Rapid growth in visitation 2. changes in the mix of recreational and visitor 3. development of roads and visitor facilities, 4. spread of invasive species, 5. residential and commercial development,

What are the threats to protected areas? 2

1. legal resource extraction 2. illegal timber harvesting, 3. wildlife poaching, air, water, and soil pollution, 4. climate change and variability

A threat to PAs wherein there is an increase number of visitors that exert pressure on natural resources of protected areas and makes their preservation more difficult.

Rapid growth visitation

A threat to PAs that have caused the extinction of native species in many areas including protected areas, species that were not able to adjust/cope with the variations have greatly reduced in number or totally disappeared.

Climate change and variability

defined as getting people together to accomplish desired goals, utilizing human & material resources towards a desired outcome.

Management

the application of business methods and technical forestry principles in the operation of a forest property and the resources therein.

Forest management

– developing and evaluating decisions for all combinations of unknown future events (e.g., future climate scenarios) and management actions.

Scenario planning

acknowledges that protected area managers cannot accurately predict the outcomes of management actions because of environmental, scientific, organizational, community, and political uncertainties.

Adaptive management

relatively simple to use and usually less expensive to implement. However, it does not produce statistically reliable information about the impacts of management actions on protected areas because it does not utilize experimental methods.

Passive Adaptive management

involves major investments in research, monitoring, and modeling; has prerequisites that are not always satisfied; and is more complicated to implement than passive AM

Active Adaptive Management

a document which sets out the management approach and goals, together with a framework for decision making, to apply in the protected area over a given period of time.

Management plan

should be succinct documents that identify the key features or values of the protected area, clearly establish the management objectives to be met and indicate the actions to be implemented.

Management plan

a subset of the more general discipline of planning.

Management planning

Guidelines on management planning

It is a process It is concerned with the future It provides mechanism It is systematic It involves value judgments It takes a holistic view It is a continuous process

The time needed to prepare a Management Plan, for even a small site, is rarely less than _________

12 months

the style of management brought about by management planning

Management by the objectives

an approach that encourages active management by the organisation and is adopted by most well regarded protected area agencies.

Management by the objectives

4 steps of management by the objectives

1. Formulation of objectives 2. Development of action plan 3. Systematic monitoring 4. Taking corrective actions

Before embarking on a Management Plan, there needs to be a clear idea of the ____________ and _____ ________

cost and resources available

It should be proactive rather than reactive and should be results-oriented

Management by the objectives

“biodiversity” was coined around ___, but the conceptual, and political, foundations for the new term were developed over at least the previous decade

1985

The levels of organization of biodiversity

Ecosystem Species Genes Composition Structure Functions

a complete, self-generating, unique ensemble of genetic variation, capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring.

Species

They are generally considered to be the only seld-replicating units of genetic diversity that can function independently

Species

are the working units of heredity; each gene is a segment of the DNA molecule that encodes a single enzyme or structural protein unit.

Genes

The foundation of all biodiversity

Genetic diversity

It permits the population to adapt to changing environments and continue to participate in life's processes.

Genetic variation

is the identity and variety of an ecological system. Descriptors of composition are typically lists of the species resident in an area or an ecosystem and measures of composition include species richness and diversity of species.

Composition

the physical organization or pattern of a system, from habitat complexity as measured within communities to the pattern of habitats (or patches) and other elements at a landscape scale.

Structure

the physical organization or pattern of a system, from habitat complexity as measured within communities to the pattern of habitats (or patches) and other elements at a landscape scale.

Function

What is the function of genetics?

adaptation

are general understandings (or facts) about ecosystems and ecosystem management.

Ecological concepts

are basic assumptions (or beliefs) about ecosystems and how they function that are informed by the ecological concepts.

Ecological principles

Biodiversity and ecosystem functions

Provisioning goods and services Cultural services Regulating services Supporting services

ECOSYSTEM CONCEPTS

Levels of biological organization * Native species * Keystone * Population viability/ thresholds * Ecological resilience * Disturbances * Connectivity/fragmentation

ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS

* Coarse and fine filter approach * Risk is an inherent aspect of decision-making * Adaptive management * Ecosystem-based management * Protected area

a species on which other species in an ecosystem largely depend, such that if it were removed the ecosystem would change drastically.

Keystone species

When two or more species in an ecosystem interact for each other’s benefit, they are called ________

Mutualist

A _________ _______ is particularly important because it provides habitat for a large portion or critical elements of an area’s biodiversity.

keystone ecosystem

A ________ _______is fundamental to the maintenance of an ecosystem. like pollination

keystone process

this context refers to the probability of survival of a population/species in the face of ecological processes such as disturbance.

Population Viability

When the amount of habitat available declines below the “_____ _______”, a population/species will decline and eventually disappear;

extinction threshold

refers to the smallest isolated population having a reasonable chance of surviving over time despite the foreseeable effects of demographic, environmental and genetic events and natural disturbances.

Concept of minimum viable population

the capacity of an ecosystem to cope with disturbance or stress and return to a stable state.

Ecological resilience

the number of functionally different groups of species and consists of two aspects:

Functional diversity

the diversity of responses to environmental change among species contributing to the same ecological function and provides adaptive capacity given complex systems,

Response diversity

are the elements of a pre-disturbance ecosystem that survive to participate in its recovery.

Biological legacies

used to describe naturally occurring variation over time of the composition and structure found in a system, resulting in part from sequences of disturbances.

The natural range of variability

is the degree to which ecosystem structure facilitates or impedes the movement of organisms between resource patches.

Connectivity/ fragmentation

The foundation of sustainable resource management

Ecology

Ecosystem attributes

Structural attribute Interdependence and interaction of components Function Complexity Temporal change

The structure of ecosystems undergoes changes over time.

Temporal change

The various components of the ecosystem are interrelated. They interact with one another in various manner to form a system of interdependence.

Interdependence and interaction of components

A central theme of ecology

Ecosystem

is a metaphor to express the idea that by conserving the ecological communities of a given region, the majority of species will be conserved.

Coarse filter

a metaphor to express the idea that some species, ecosystems and features need to be conserved through individual, often localized efforts (this is called the fine filter approach) because they fall through the mesh of the coarse filter.

Fine filter

as “an adaptive approach to managing human activities that seeks to ensure the coexistence of healthy, fully functioning ecosystems and human communities.

Ecosystem-based management

To conserve regionally, nationally or globally outstanding ecosystems, species (occurrences or aggregations) and/ or geodiversity features:

Strict nature reserve

refers to an area which assures the natural conditions necessary to protect nationally significant species, groups of species, biotic communities or physical features of the environment

Wildlife sanctuary

refers to an extensive and relatively isolated and uninhabited area which is difficult to access and is designated to protect natural resources of the area for future use and to prevent or contain development activities

Resource reserve

refer to areas set aside to allow the way of life of societies living in harmony with the environment to adopt to modern technology at their pace.

Natural biotic areas

the evaluation or estimation of the nature, quality, or ability of someone or something,

Assessment

the systematic collection, review, and use of information about educational programs undertaken for the purpose of improving student learning and development.

Assessment

a process of monitoring the value of all forest benefits for all beneficiaries, including past trends and projections into the future concerning these benefits.

Global Forest Assessment

- refer to alienable and disposable lands' of the public domain which have been the subject of the land classification system and declared as not needed for forest purposes.

Agricultural lands

cartographic representation of the land surface showing among others, lines depicting the borders between different classifications of such land,

Boundary maps

- refers to the establishment of land classification boundaries, and the monumenting thereof, through ground survey.

Delianeation survey

- includes the public forest, the permanent forest or forest reserves, and forest reservations

Forest lands

a map indicating the land classification (LC) lines surveyed during the previous land

Indicative map

- a map showing the classification of lands of the public domain based on the land classification

Land classification map

- the process of transforming spatial information indicated on maps to digital format in order to organize these information into GIS compatible data sets.

Map conversions

map showing the current and cumulative extent of areas assessed and surveyed pursuant to this Order.

Progress map

a land area drained by a stream or fixed body of water and its tributaries having a common outlet for surface run-off

Watershed

GUIDELINES FOR THE ASSESSMENT AND DELINEATION OF BOUNDARIES BETWEEN FORESTLANDS, NATIONAL PARKS AND AGRICULTURAL LANDS

DAO NO. 2008-24

NADC

National Assessment and DElineation Committee

They shall set the policy directions in the implementation of the assessment and boundary delineation activities.

NADC

Gather the necessary data, inventory, compile and integrate available reference maps, textual and tabular information needed for the assessment and delineation of boundaries of forestlands, national parks and agricultural lands;

RADT

to gather, compile and integrate available reference maps and other relevant information integrated, within 120 calendar days

RADC

shall also try its best effort to locate missing Land Classification (LC) maps or reconstruct the same using available data. Information about LC maps that are either lost or cannot be reconstructed shall be published in two newspapers of general circulation for two consecutive weeks.

NADC-TWG

This shall include: (1) digitizing rivers and roads following standard guidelines as set under DAO No. 2006-12 (Guidelines on the Development and Management of a Standard Seamless National Digital Topographic Database); and (2) generation of the slope map (see Annex E).

Extraction of topographic figure

They are responsible for the drafting of proposed bills declaring the final boundaries.

RADC

Implementing rules and regulations of NIPAS 1992

DAO 2019-05

Clarifying the procedural guidelines in the conduct of PA Suitability Assessment

TB 2016-04

Technical guide on biodiversity assessment and monitoring system for coastal and marine ecosystem

TB 2019-04

Guidelines on biodiversity assessment and monitoring system for terrestrial ecosystems

TB 2016-05

Guidelines on socio-economic assessment and monitoring system (seams) in protected areas

TB 2016-06

Technical guide on biodiversity assessment and monitoring system for coastal and marine ecosystems

TB 2019-04

Inland Wetlands and Terrestrial Caves: Technical guide on biodiversity assessment and monitoring system (BAMS)

TB 2019-06

MIDTERMS Flashcards

(124 cards)