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Botany Lab > Midterms > Flashcards

Midterms Flashcards

1
Q

scientific name of onion

A

allium cepa

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2
Q

scientific name of digman

A

hydrilla verticillata

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3
Q

scientific name of tomato

A

solanum lycopersicum

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4
Q

scientific name of potato

A

solanum tuberosum

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5
Q

scientific name of bangka-bangkaan

A

tradescantia spathacea

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6
Q

scientific name of dumbcane

A

dieffenbachia

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7
Q

scientific name of alikbangon

A

commelina

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8
Q

scientific name of banana

A

musa paradisiaca

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9
Q

scientific name of mayana

A

plectranthus scutellarioides

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10
Q

scientific name of kangkong

A

ipomea aquatica

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11
Q

scientific name of santan

A

ixora

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12
Q

scientific name of mongo

A

phaseolus vulgaris

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13
Q

scientific name of patola

A

luffa acutangula

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14
Q

scientific name of coconut

A

cocos nucifera

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15
Q

these cells have thin cell walls and the protoplast is alive at maturity

A

parenchyma cells

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16
Q

found in groups along the sides of the young stems or in the stalk or midrib of leaves; the walls of these cells are unevenly thickened and thickening occurs at the corners where the cells meet

A

collenchyma cells

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17
Q

have very thick walls and these cells die at maturity; the common examples of these are the fibers and sclereids or stone cells

A

sclerenchyma cells

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18
Q

cell type of musa paradisiaca

A

parenchyma cells

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19
Q

cell type of dieffenbachia

A

parenchyma cells

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20
Q

cell type of commelina

A

parenchyma cells

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21
Q

cell type of plectranthus scutellarioides

A

collenchyma cells

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22
Q

cell type of ipomea aquatica

A

collenchyma cells

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23
Q

cell type of ixora

A

collenchyma cells

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24
Q

cell type of phaseolus vulgaris

A

sclerenchyma cells

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25
Q

cell type of luffa

A

sclerenchyma cells

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26
Q

cell type of cocos nucifera

A

sclerenchyma cells

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27
Q

in plants, this division of cells occur in special tissues called ___

A

meristems

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28
Q

nuclear division

A

karyokinesis

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29
Q

cytoplasmic division

A

cytokinesis

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30
Q

a large spherical nucleus, with nuclear membrane intact, grain-like chromosomes, and one to two nucleoli

A

interphase

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31
Q

a large, spherical nucleus with a nucleolus and nuclear membrane intact and with thickened, more distinctly ribbonlike chromosomes. the chromosomes may look like a dish of spaghetti

A

early prophase

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32
Q

a cell in which the chromosomes appear as a loose knot in the center of the cell. the nuclear membrane, if still present, is indistinct. the nucleolus may start to fade

A

late prophase

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33
Q

a cell in which the chromosomes are aligned in the equatorial plane of the cell

A

metaphase

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34
Q

a cell in which the chromatids are moving to opposite poles of the cell

A

anaphase

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35
Q

a cell in which the chromatids, though fairly distinct are close to the opposite poles of the cell. a cell plate may be forming at the middle of the cell

A

telophase

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36
Q

two cells that appear to have finished dividing recently

A

cytokinesis

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37
Q

instrument that is used in science laboratories to visualize objects which are otherwise very small to observe with the naked eye

A

microscope

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38
Q

magnifies the image of the specimen; it is where the viewer looks through to view the object placed on the stage

A

eye piece

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39
Q

the tube that holds the eyepiece lens

A

eye piece sleeve

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40
Q

controls the objective lens up and down for quick focusing; it is used on lower magnification

A

coarse adjustment knob

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41
Q

a slow but precise control to focus the image at higher magnification

A

fine adjustment knob

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42
Q

the platform where slides are placed

A

stage

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43
Q

hold the slide on the stage

A

stage clips

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44
Q

keeps the objective above the platform

A

arm

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45
Q

ensures the microscope’s stability

A

base

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46
Q

a light reflector to allow the observer to view the specimen

A

mirror

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47
Q

focuses the light on the specific part of the slide that is being studied

A

condenser

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48
Q

an internal sleeve that keeps the eyepiece and the rotating nosepiece in place

A

body tube

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49
Q

allows the choice of objectives needed for the study

A

rotating nosepiece

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50
Q

lenses that magnify objects in different magnification
levels

A

objectives

51
Q

has a total magnification of 40x; provides a general overview of the slide; striped with a red band

A

scanner

52
Q

has a total magnification of 100x; best for observing and analyzing the slide without getting too close; striped with a yellow band

A

lpo

53
Q

has a total magnification of 400x; provides a detailed view of the specimen; striped with a light blue band

A

hpo

54
Q

has a total magnification of 1000x; has the most powerful magnification; requires immersion oil; striped with a white band

A

oio

55
Q

cell wall is present outside the cell membrane; the building blocks of plants

A

plant cells

56
Q

the layer outside the cell membrane that protects the cell and gives it structure; separates the interior contents of the cell from the exterior environment

A

cell wall

57
Q

acts as storage for any hereditary information such as DNA

A

nucleus

58
Q

an organelle within the nucleus which produces ribosomes and proteins

A

nucleolus

59
Q

composed of RNA and proteins; protein factory of the cell

A

ribosomes

60
Q

an organelle that is in charge of photosynthesis as it absorbs sunlight and utilizes its energy to produce CO2 and glucose

A

chloroplast

61
Q

a semi-permeable membrane which acts as an entry and exit point for the cell

A

cell membrane

62
Q

a liquid component which helps in maintaining the shape of the cell; a medium for organelle movements around the cell

A

cytoplasm

63
Q

a smooth organelle that contains no ribosomes that are responsible for producing lipids and distributing it

A

smooth er

64
Q

a rough organelle that is bounded by ribosomes; responsible for producing proteins and packaging them

A

rough er

65
Q

responsible for dispersing synthesized macromolecules to different cell regions

A

golgi apparatus

66
Q

maintains turgor pressure on the cell wall

A

central vacuole

67
Q

powerhouse of the cell

A

mitochondria

68
Q

known as suicidal bags because they contain digestive enzymes within an enclosed membrane

A

lysosome

69
Q

who discovered the cell cycle

A

alma howard and stephen pelc

70
Q

the period before DNA synthesis begins and where the cell increases in size

A

G1 phase

71
Q

it is responsible for the synthesis or replication of the DNA

A

S phase

72
Q

the eukaryotic cell separates the nuclear DNA and chromosomes and divides into two different but similar sets of nuclei

A

M phase

73
Q

division of a single nucleus into two genetically identical daughter nuclei

A

mitosis

74
Q

refers to the various chemical compounds that are present in plants

A

plant chemical composition

75
Q

big macromolecules that plays an important role in growth and development; referred to as the body’s building blocks

A

proteins

76
Q

in this test, the appearance of bluish-violet color confirms the presence of proteins

A

biuret test

77
Q

in this test, the appearance of yellow color confirms the presence of proteins

A

xanthoproteic test

78
Q

in this test, the appearance of brick red color confirms the presence of proteins

A

millions test

79
Q

in this test, the appearance of deep blue or purple color confirms the presence of proteins

A

ninhydrin test

80
Q

creates a direct link between the sun and chemical energy

A

carbohydrates

81
Q

these are fatty or waxy substances your body makes that don’t dissolve in water; they work as an energy storage or as plant membrane in plants

A

lipids

82
Q

in this test, if the sample is miscible with chloroform and immiscible with water the fat presence is confirmed

A

solubility test

83
Q

in this test, if there is presence of translucent spot then the presence of fats is confirmed

A

translucent spot test

84
Q

in this test, if there is a pungent irritating odor then the presence of fats or oil is confirmed

A

acrolein test

85
Q

the passage of water from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration through a semi-permeable membrane

A

osmosis

86
Q

the process by which water molecules enter the cell

A

endosmosis

87
Q

the process by which water molecules exit the cell

A

exosmosis

88
Q

higher solute in solution than in cell; water moves out of the cell

A

hypertonic

89
Q

equal amounts of solute in cell and solution; water moves into and out of the cell at the same time

A

isotonic

90
Q

lower solute in solution than in cell; water moves into the cell

A

hypotonic

91
Q

the contracting or shrinking of a plant cell’s protoplasm as a result of the loss of water in the cell when placed in a hypertonic solution

A

plasmolysis

92
Q

latin word meaning matrix

A

plasma

93
Q

greek word meaning loosening

A

lysis

94
Q

due to the loss of water, the protoplasm and plasma membrane shrink away from the cell wall.

A

concave plasmolysis

95
Q

the cell membrane and protoplasm entirely separate from the cell wall; irreversible and leads to the cell’s destruction

A

convex plasmolysis

96
Q

the phenomenon in which a cell swells and its turgor pressure increases from the absorption of water due to osmosis; occurs when the plant cell is in a hypotonic solution

A

turgidity

97
Q

a type of autochory in which seeds are dispersed in an explosive manner

A

ballochory

98
Q

able to control the entering and exiting of carbon dioxide, oxygen, and water from leaves

A

guard cells

99
Q

allows the passage of water molecules but restricts the movement of larger solute

A

semi-permeable membrane

100
Q

difference in solute concentration; sets the stage of the movement of water

A

concentration gradient

101
Q

small and can move freely through the cell membrane

A

water movement

102
Q

moves from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration

A

passive movement

103
Q

including ions and sugars, dissolved in the cell’s cytoplasm

A

solute particles

104
Q

internal pressure; accumulates in the central vacuole and pushes against the cell wall

A

turgor pressure

105
Q

solute concentrations are balanced; no net movement of water

A

osmotic equilibrium

106
Q

prevents the cell from bursting

A

cell wall

107
Q

means small

A

mikros

108
Q

means look at

A

skopeo

109
Q

invented practical microscopes; discovery of bacteria; “free cells” with nucleus (red blood cell)

A

anton van leeuwenhoek

110
Q

discovered the cell; invented compound microscope in 1665

A

robert hooke

111
Q

controls the amount of light that reaches the specimen

A

diaphragm

112
Q

ability of the microscope to enlarge an image

A

magnification

113
Q

organisms that are made up of large and complex cells (e.g. animals and plant cells)

A

eukaryotic cells

114
Q

made up of small and simple cells; no nucleus but have nucleoid (e.g. bacteria)

A

prokaryotic cells

115
Q

the cementing substance between cells; consist of cellulose and pectate that put adjacent cell together; located between two primary cell walls

A

middle lamella

116
Q

plastid or organelle that contains starch

A

amyloplast

117
Q

responsible for colors of the fruits and the flower of the plant

A

anthocyanin

118
Q

growth, synthesis of materials that will be needed for cell division, specifically proteins that would make up spindle fibers

A

G2 phase

119
Q

responsible for the separation of genetic material, facilitating their arrival to the opposite poles

A

microtubules

120
Q

region responsible for cell division; microtubules-organizing region

A

centrosome

121
Q

partition in the cytoplasm; leads to division of original cell into two daughter cells

A

cell plates

122
Q

transport cells in vascular plants; helps in water and minerals transportation from roots to the leaves and other parts of the plant

A

xylem

123
Q

they transport food prepared by the leaves to different parts of the plants

A

phloem

Botany Lab (5 decks)

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