Midterms Flashcards
(636 cards)
1
Q
It plays an important role in our life today.
A
Technology
2
Q
It allows the contribution of a wide range of knowledge in different fields.
A
Technology
3
Q
These are considered as one of the most significant changes in the world.
A
Innovations in technology
4
Q
These are when different technologies are combined with communication.
A
Information Technology (IT)
5
Q
It is a general term that describes any technology that helps to produce, manipulate, store, communicate, and/or disseminate information using computers, storage, networks, and other electronic devices.
A
Information Technology (IT)
6
Q
It is responsible for the management and transfer of data like image, text, sound, and video.
A
Information Technology (IT)
7
Q
These are the two most essential parts of information technology.
A
Computer and communication
8
Q
These are devices and systems that are being used to communicate from a distant place, for example, radio, cellphone, television, signal, cables, etc.
A
Communication technologies
9
Q
It is the most widely known technology that is being utilized.
A
Internet
10
Q
It uses an extensive network to access information and services.
A
Internet
11
Q
It allows the easiest and fastest way to connect different electronic devices.
A
Internet
12
Q
These allow the doctors to detect diseases that help them to identify stages and support their findings that increasing the chances of successful cure that can save the lives of the patients.
A
Technological innovations in diagnostic kits and equipment
13
Q
What are some examples of technological innovations in diagnostic kits and equipment?
A
● Image processing for detection of malignant tumors, cancer cell detection, the parasite in blood detection, etc.
● Online doctor consultation.
● Online prescription using machine learning.
● Emotional detection for emotional healthcare.
14
Q
With the help of __________, development in medical and vaccinations has been highly effective and helps to lessen the spread of the virus.
A
Bioinformatics
15
Q
It is a combination of biology and computer science, engineering, mathematics, and statistics.
A
Bioinformatics
16
Q
It reduces the cost and time of vaccine development as compared to the traditional one.
A
Bioinformatics
17
Q
It has now become a common laboratory name for groups studying genomic sequences.
A
Bioinformatics
18
Q
It is composed of many different, yet interrelated scientific fields such as genomics, proteomics, and transcriptional profiling.
A
Bioinformatics
19
Q
It allows radiologic images such as CT scans and MRIs to be immediately forwarded to electronic charts and physicians’ offices.
A
Image transfer technology
20
Q
Patients in intensive care, who are usually monitored by nurses during off-times, can also be watched over by doctors in remote __________ miles away.
A
Control towers
21
Q
These enable heart attack patients to get follow-up drug treatment and diabetics to have their blood sugar measured.
A
Electronic medical records and other computerized tools
22
Q
What are some technologies being used by many business industries?
A
Payroll System, Management Information System, Point of Sale, Attendance Monitoring System, and E-commerce
23
Q
It involves communication, transportation, and more fields, making it a complex web of processes.
A
Business
24
Q
It has been realized because of the wonders of technology.
A
Globalization
25
This has made it possible to have a wider reach in the global market.
Technology in business
26
It is a common marketing tool to attract more consumers in availing products and services offered by various businesses.
Internet
27
These are capable of storing large amounts of data in small storage space, lowering down the need for CDs, books, and notebooks.
Computers
28
It serves as a giant source for learning, connecting millions of informational websites and permitting the curiosity to search for almost any and every topic one can imagine.
Internet
29
It has the potential to store hundreds of educational games, audio, and informative video lessons as well as offer access to a giant source of knowledge for all.
A single computer
30
These have replaced blackboards permitting the teachers to render interactive content for kids and play educational movies without any need of setting up a projector.
Virtual whiteboards
31
These enable the creation of new forms of entertainment, such as online games.
Networks
32
We listen to recording artists, preview or view motion pictures, read entire books, and download material for future offline access. Live sporting events and concerts can be experienced as they are happening, or recorded and viewed on demand.
Entertainment and Arts
33
These social media platforms enable people to connect and exchange ideas.
Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram
34
These are another piece of technology that is already saving water in California and other dry areas of the country.
Smart Internet-connected water sprinklers
35
These are more informed consumers when it comes time to buy computers, peripherals, and technology services.
Computer literate
36
They understand the capabilities and limitations of computers and they know how to use them safely and efficiently.
Computer literate
37
These can threaten a computer’s security.
Hackers and viruses
38
These are unsolicited electronic junk mail.
Spam
39
These are the instructions that tell the computer what to do
Software
40
Becoming computer literate means knowing about new technologies and how to integrate them into your life.
Keeping up to date
41
Learning how to care for and maintain your computer and knowing how to diagnose and fix certain problems can save you time and money.
Being able to maintain, upgrade, and troubleshoot your computer
42
People who are computer literate know how to find reliable, accurate information effectively.
Using the web wisely
43
Being computer literate means being able to separate real privacy and security risks from things you don’t have to worry about.
Understanding the real risks
44
If your identity is stolen, your credit rating can be quickly ruined.
Protecting your privacy
45
Hackers and viruses can threaten a computer’s security. Being aware of how they operate and knowing the damage they can cause can help you avoid falling prey to them.
Avoiding hackers and viruses
46
This is someone with knowledge of computer systems who can help computer-carrying guests with online and other tech problems.
Computer concierge
47
Front-desk clerks need to know how to deal with computerized reservation systems.
Hotel business
48
Police officers need to know how to use computers while on patrol or at their desks to check out stolen cars, criminal records, outstanding arrest warrants, and the like. However, investigators with specialized computer backgrounds are also required to help solve fraud, computer break-ins, accounting illegalities, and other high-tech crimes.
Law enforcement
49
Computers are used for such ordinary purposes as budgets, payroll, and ticketing. However, there are also new careers in virtual set design, combining training in architecture and 3-D computer modeling, and in creating cinematic special effects.
Entertainment
50
This can be used both for you to find employers and for employers to find you.
Computer
51
This was first used as a job bazaar where companies were seeking people with technical backgrounds and technical people seeking employment.
Cyberspace
52
This is popular with companies because it prescreens applicants for at least basic computer skills.
Online recruitment
53
This website will move your listing toward the top of the search heap, and the company says that employers click on upgraded résumés 200% more often than on regular ones.
careerbuilder.com
54
This will provide you with a solid foundation in programming, algorithms, data structures, and computer architecture.
Bachelor's Degree in Computer Science or a related field
55
Seek internships or co-op opportunities during your undergraduate studies to gain practical experience and apply your classroom knowledge in real-world settings.
Internships and Co-ops
56
Specialize in web development, mobile app development, game development, or any other area that interests you.
Software Development
57
Learn machine learning and statistical analysis.
Data Science and Analysis
58
Focus on network administration, cybersecurity, and information security if you are interested in securing computer systems and networks.
Networks and Security
59
Specialize in database management and administration if you have a keen interest in managing and optimizing data storage systems.
Database Administration
60
Explore AI and ML if you are interested in the development of intelligent systems and automation.
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
61
Cloud architecture and cloud management are growing fields due to the increasing adoption of cloud technologies.
Cloud Computing
62
Create a portfolio of projects that demonstrate your skills. Open-source contributions, personal coding projects, and coursework assignments can be valuable additions to your portfolio.
Build your portfolio
63
Attend industry conferences, workshops, and meetups to network with professionals in your field. This can lead to job opportunities and collaborations.
Networking
64
Consider pursuing a master's or Ph.D. if you're interested in research or specialized roles in academia, AI, or advanced systems development.
Advanced Education (optional)
65
Look for job opportunities through job boards, company websites, and networking connections. Entry-level positions may include software developer, IT support, quality assurance engineer, or junior data analyst.
Job Search
66
Depending on your chosen specialization, certifications such as CompTIA, Cisco, AWS, Microsoft, or Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) can enhance your resume and job prospects.
Certifications (Optional)
67
The field of computing is ever-evolving. Stay updated with the latest trends, technologies, and best practices by taking online courses, attending workshops, and reading industry publications.
Continuous Learning
68
As you gain experience, you can move into roles like senior developer, project manager, data scientist, IT manager, or software architect. Leadership and management roles may also be options as you progress in your career.
Career Advancement
69
If you have innovative ideas, consider starting your own tech startup or working as a freelance developer or consultant.
Entrepreneurship (optional)
70
What is the definition of "technology in society"?
a. The study of ancient civilizations
b. The examination of societal norms
c. The intersection of technology and its effects on culture and human life
d. A type of art form
c. The intersection of technology and its effects on culture and human life
71
Which of the following is an example of a positive impact of technology in society?
a. Increased privacy concerns
b. Improved healthcare and medical treatments
c. Decreased access to information
d. Environmental pollution
b. Improved healthcare and medical treatments
72
What is the digital divide?
a. A trench between two digital devices
b. A gap in access to technology and digital skills between different groups in society
c. A popular social media platform
d. A type of online game
b. A gap in access to technology and digital skills between different groups in society
73
Which of these is an example of an ethical concern related to technology in society?
a. Faster internet speeds
b. Improved smartphone battery life
c. Invasion of privacy through data collection
d. Advancements in renewable energy sources
c. Invasion of privacy through data collection
74
How has social media impacted communication in society?
a. It has reduced communication among individuals.
b. It has made face-to-face communication obsolete.
c. It has facilitated instant global communication but raised concerns about misinformation.
d. It has only affected business communication.
c. It has facilitated instant global communication but raised concerns about misinformation.
75
What does "digital literacy" refer to?
a. The ability to count in binary code
b. Understanding how to use physical tools
c. The ability to use, understand, and evaluate technology and digital content
d. The ability to write computer code
c. The ability to use, understand, and evaluate technology and digital content
76
Which of the following best describes the concept of "automation in the workplace"?
a. Using manual labor for tasks that require physical effort
b. Replacing human labor with machines or software to perform tasks
c. Increasing the number of employees in a company
d. Building better office spaces
b. Replacing human labor with machines or software to perform tasks
77
How does technology impact employment and jobs in society?
a. It always leads to job loss and unemployment.
b. It creates new job opportunities while also transforming existing roles.
c. It has no effect on employment.
d. It only affects specific industries.
b. It creates new job opportunities while also transforming existing roles.
78
What is the role of government in regulating technology in society?
a. No role; technology should be entirely unregulated.
b. To promote technology without any restrictions.
c. To ensure the ethical use of technology, protect consumer rights, and address cybersecurity.
d. To control and limit access to technology.
c. To ensure the ethical use of technology, protect consumer rights, and address cybersecurity.
79
What is the potential impact of emerging technologies like artificial intelligence (AI) on society?
a. No significant impact; AI is just a buzzword.
b. Increased job opportunities for manual labor.
c. Transformation of industries, potential job displacement, and ethical considerations.
d. Faster commute times.
c. Transformation of industries, potential job displacement, and ethical consideration
80
Every society forms a set of rules. These rules are often expressed in statements about how people should behave. However, there are people who are uncertain on which rule they will follow.
Ethics
81
What are the three core values that everyone has?
Life, happiness, and the ability to accomplish goals
82
What are the two ways to view the world?
1. Selfish point of view - consider only own self and its core values
2. Ethical point of view - respect other people and their core values
83
Considers only own self and its core values.
Selfish point of view
84
Respects other people and their core values
Ethical point of view
85
This is the association of people organized under a system of rules
Society
86
They are designed to advance the good of members over time.
Rules
87
This is a society’s rules of conduct.
Morality
88
This is what people ought/ought not to do in various situations.
Morality
89
It is the philosophical study of morality - guidelines.
Ethics
90
It is the rational examination of morality.
Ethics
91
It is the evaluation of people's behavior.
Ethics
92
This is a way to decide the best thing to do.
Ethics
93
(True or False) “Common wisdom” is not always adequate.
True
94
“Man should not simple live, but live well with conduct governed by moderate virtue. This is regarded as difficult, as virtue denotes doing the right thing, to the right person, at the right time, to the proper extent, in the correct fashion, for the right reason."
Origin of Ethics
95
What are some examples of ethical theories?
1. Subjective Relativism
2. Cultural Relativism
3. Divine Command Theory
4. Kantianism
5. Act Utilitarianism
6. Rule Utilitarianism
7. Social Contact Theory
96
No universal norms of right and wrong.
Relativism
97
One person can say “X is right”, another can say “X is wrong”,
and both can be right.
Relativism
98
Each person decides right and wrong for himself or herself.
Subjective Relativism
99
“What is right for you may not be right for me."
Subjective Relativism
100
Well meaning and intelligent people disagree on
moral issues.
(Example: Abortion in the US)
Case for Subjective Relativism
101
Ethical debates are disagreeable and pointless (takes time on debates).
Case for Subjective Relativism
102
With subjective relativism, the line between doing what you think is right and doing what you want to do is not sharply drawn.
Case against Subjective Relativism
103
By allowing each person to decide right and wrong for himself, subjective relativism makes no moral distinction between the actions of different people.
Case against Subjective Relativism
104
We should not give legitimacy to an ethical theory that allows people to make decisions based on something other than reason.
Case against Subjective Relativism
105
What is “ and “ depends upon a society’s actual moral guide
Cultural Relativism
106
These guidelines vary from place to place and from time to time.
Cultural Relativism
107
A particular action may be right in one society at one time and wrong in other society at another time.
Cultural Relativism
108
Different social context demand different moral guidelines.
(Example: Survival among centuries has shifted from people to nature)
Case for Cultural Relativism
109
It is arrogant for one society to judge another.
(Example: It is arrogant for people in the US nowadays to judge nations in the past)
Case for Cultural Relativism
110
Morality is reflected in actual behavior.
(Example: Not in saying. Parents say do as I tell you not as I do, but the society don’t do so)
Case for Cultural Relativism
111
Because two societies do have different moral views doesn’t mean they ought to have different views. Sometimes societies have bad and wrong guidelines.
(Example; severe drought)
Case against Cultural Relativism
112
Doesn’t explain how guidelines evolve.
(Example: Segregation of students as to male and female schools)
Case against Cultural Relativism
113
Provides no way out for cultures in conflict.
(Example: Gaza poverty and the armed struggle against and larger Israel and expansion in settlements)
Case against Cultural Relativism
114
Because many practices are acceptable does not mean any cultural practice is acceptable (many/any fallacy).
(Example: too many ways to document programs which is good and which is bad)
Case against Cultural Relativism
115
Societies do, in fact, share certain core values.
(Example: no murder, care for babies)
Case against Cultural Relativism
116
Only indirectly based on reason (do what society asks you to
do, not what it makes sense) based on tradition.
Case against Cultural Relativism
117
Not a workable ethical theory.
Subjective Relativism, Cultural Relativism, and Divine Command Theory
118
Those aligned with God’s will.
Good actions
119
Those contrary to God’s will.
Bad actions
120
These reveal God's will.
Holy books
121
We should use holy books as moral decision making guides
Divine Command Theory
122
We owe obedience to our creator.
Case for Divine Command Theory
123
God is all good and all knowing.
Case for Divine Command Theory
124
God is the ultimate authority.
Case for Divine Command Theory
125
Different holy books disagree.
Case against Divine Command Theory
126
Society is multicultural, secular.
Case against Divine Command Theory
127
Some moral problems are not addressed in holy books.
Case against Divine Command Theory
128
“The good” ≠≠ "God” (equivalence fallacy) are related
things but they are distinct.
Case against Divine Command Theory
129
Based on obedience, not reason.
Case against Divine Command Theory
130
This is the desire to do the right thing.
Good will
131
"The only thing that is good
without qualification is the good will."
Immanuel Kant
132
According to Kant, these may be used to harm people.
Courage and intelligence
133
It should cultivate desire to do the right thing.
Reason
134
Respect some moral values or universal moral rules.
(What we ought to do NOT what we want to do.)
Dutifulness
135
Act only from moral rules that you can at the same
time will to be universal moral laws.
(Example: Make promises to break them? If
universalized, there is no mean for making promises)
Categorical Imperative (1st Formulation)
136
Act so that you treat both yourself and other people as ends in themselves and never only as a means to an end. Don’t use people, respect them.
Categorical imperative (2nd Formulation)
137
This is usually an easier formula to work with than the first formulation of the Categorical Imperative.
Categorical Imperative (2nd Formulation)
138
Morality of an action has nothing to do with intent.
Utilitarianism
139
Focuses on the consequences.
Utilitarianism
140
A consequentialist theory
Utilitarianism
141
Add up change in happiness of all affected beings.
Act Utilitarianism
142
In act utilitarianism, if sum > 0 then?
The action is good
143
In act utilitarianism, if sum < 0 then?
The action is bad
144
Cases for Act Utilitarianism
1. Focuses on happiness
2. Down to earth (practical)
3. Comprehensive
4. Workable ethical theory
145
Unclear whom to include in calculations.
Case against Act Utilitarianism
146
Too much work
Case against Act Utilitarianism
147
Ignores out innate sense of duty.
Case against Act Utilitarianism
148
Susceptible to the problem of moral luck.
(Example: Sending flowers to a patient and causing an allergy for him This cost him much Then your act is BAD)
Case against Act Utilitarianism
149
We ought to adopt moral rules which, if followed by everyone, will lead to the greatest increase in total happiness.
Rule Utilitarianism
150
Act utilitarianism applies Principle of Utility to __________.
Individual actions
151
Rule utilitarianism applies Principles of Utility to __________.
Moral rules
152
Compared to act utilitarianism, it is easier to perform the utilitarian calculus.
Case for Rule Utilitarianism
153
Not every moral decision requires performing utilitarian calculus.
Case for Rule Utilitarianism
154
Moral rules survive exceptional situations.
Case for Rule Utilitarianism
155
Avoids the problem of moral luck.
Case for Rule Utilitarianism
156
All consequences must be measured on a single scale.
Case against Rule Utilitarianism
157
It ignores the problem of an unjust distribution of good consequences.
Utilitarianism
158
Utilitarianism ignores the problem of an unjust distribution of good consequences
Case against Rule Utilitarianism
159
It does not mean “the greatest good of the greatest number”.
Utilitarianism
160
“State of nature”
Thomas Hobbes
161
“We implicitly accept a social contract.”
Thomas Hobbes
162
“In ideal society, no one is above the rules.”
Jean Jacques Rousseau
163
“Morality consists in the set of rules, governing how people are to treat one another, that rational people will agree to accept, for their mutual benefit, on the condition that others follow those rules as well."
James Rachel’s Definition or the Social Contract Theory
164
Similar to Kantianism but rules are not to be universalized, but specific society should agreed upon
James Rachel’s Definition or the Social Contract Theory
165
Each person may claim a “fully adequate” number of basic rights and liberties, so long as these claims are consistent with everyone else having a claim to the same rights and liberties.
John Rawls’ Principles of Justice
166
Any social and economic inequalities must be associated with positions that everyone has a fair and equal opportunity to achieve.
(Example: People with same intelligence should have the right to achieve the same position regardless of social position)
John Rawls’ Principles of Justice
167
Be to the greatest benefit of the least advantaged members of society.
(Example: differences in Taxes according to income)
The Difference Principle
168
Cases for Social Contract Theory
1. Frame in language of rights
2. Explains why people act in self interest without common agreement
3. Provides clear analysis of certain citizen/government problems
169
No one signed contract
Case against Social Contract Theory
170
Some actions have multiple characterizations
Case against Social Contract Theory
171
Conflicting rights problem
(Example: Abortion the privacy right of mother, against the fetus’s right to live)
Case against Social Contract Theory
172
May unjustly treat people who cannot uphold contract
(Example: Drug addicts some countries put in prisons, while other countries put in hospitals)
Case against Social Contract Theory
173
A right that another can guarantee by leaving you alone.
(Example: Free Expression)
Negative right
174
A right obligating others to do something on your
behalf.
(Example: Free education - others must do something for you)
Positive right
175
A right guaranteed without exception.
(Example: Free expression and right for life)
Absolute right
176
A right that may be restricted based on the
circumstances.
(Example: Free education limited to 12th grade because of under budgeting)
Limited right
177
Motivation: Dutifulness
Criteria: Rules
Focus: Individual
Kantianism
178
Motivation: Consequence
Criteria: Actions
Focus: Group
Act Utilitarianism
179
Motivation: Consequence/Duty
Criteria: Rules
Focus: Group
Rule Utilitarianism
180
Motivation: Rights
Criteria: Rules
Focus: Individual
Social Contract
181
What are some workable ethical theories?
Act Utilitarianism, Rule Utilitarianism, and Social Contract
182
Thou shalt not use a computer to harm other people.
First Commandment of Computer Ethics
183
Thou shalt not interfere with other people’s computer work.
Second Commandment of Computer Ethics
184
Thou shalt not snoop around in other people’s computer files.
Third Commandment of Computer Ethics
185
Thou shalt not use a computer to steal.
Fourth Commandment of Computer Ethics
186
Thou shalt not use a computer to bear false witness.
Fifth Commandment of Computer Ethics
187
Thou shalt not copy or use proprietary software for which you have not paid.
Sixth Commandment of Computer Ethics
188
Thou shalt not use other people’s computer resources without authorization or proper compensation.
Seventh Commandment of Computer Ethics
189
Thou shalt not appropriate other people’s intellectual output.
Eighth Commandment of Computer Ethics
190
Thou shalt think about the social consequences of the program you are writing or the system you are designing.
Ninth Commandment of Computer Ethics
191
Thou shalt always use a computer in ways that insure
consideration and respect for your fellow human.
Tenth Commandment of Computer Ethics
192
It is not merely a chronicle of machines and algorithms; it is a testament to human ingenuity and the insatiable quest for knowledge.
History of computing
193
It is more than a chain of innovation – a process that’s been a hallmark of the physical technologies that shape our world.
Development of computing technologies
194
One of the first computers, the outcome of military-related research, was delivered to the U.S. Army in 1946.
ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator)
195
It weighed 30 tons and was 80 feet long and two stories high, but it could multiply a pair of numbers in the then-remarkable time of threethousandths of a second.
ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator)
196
This was the first general-purpose, programmable electronic computer, the grandparent of today’s lightweight handheld machines—including the smart cellphone.
ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator)
197
These are used in almost all the places nowadays.
Computers
198
These have gone through many changes in their size, speed, appearance and technologies.
Computers
199
It is a device that can do calculations in a very fast and accurate manner.
Computer
200
What did people use for calculations in early times?
fingers, stones and bones
201
They developed the Abacus which helped in counting large numbers.
Chinese
202
It is made up of a wooden frame with rods. Each rod has a definite number of beads.
Abacus
203
It was the first calculating device.
Abacus
204
It was mainly used by merchants and traders who needed to count the items they sold or bought.
Abacus
205
It was also used to perform basic calculations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.
Abacus
206
Who invented Napier's bones in 1617?
John Napier
207
When did John Napier invent Napier's bones?
1617
208
It consisted of rectangular rods made up of bone, ivory, wood or metal. These rectangular rods had numbers written on them. They were mainly used for multiplication.
Napier's bones
209
Who developed the Pascaline calculator in 1642?
Blaise Pascal
210
When did Blaise Pascal invent the Pascaline Calculator?
1642
211
It was a rectangular box. Numbers were displayed on the rotating wheels. It was mainly developed for accounting purposes.
Pascaline calculator
212
Its older versions could handle only 5-digit numbers, but later versions were able to handle 6- and 8-digit numbers as well.
Pascaline calculator
213
Who designed the Difference engine in 1822?
Charles Babbage
214
When did Charles Babbage invent the Difference engine?
1822
215
It was designed to do mathematical operations automatically. It was one of the earliest automatic calculators.
Difference engine
216
Who developed the Analytical engine in 1837?
Charles Babbage
217
When did Charles Babbage invent the Analytical engine?
1837
218
It was a new kind of mechanical computer that could solve complex calculations including multiplication and division.
Analytical engine
219
Its basic parts resembled the components of a simple computer system.
Analytical engine
220
What were the five units of the analytical engine?
input, output, store, mill, and control
221
He is considered the 'Father of Computers' after his invention and concept of Analytical Engine.
Charles Babbage
222
It is similar to a modern computer's CPU.
Mill
223
Mill: CPU; Store: _____
Memory
224
It was the world's first general-purpose computer.
Analytical engine
225
It has evolved from a large-sized simple calculating machine to a smaller but much more powerful machine.
Computer
226
Computers are classified into how many generations?
five (5) generations
227
They used vacuum tubes.
First Generation computers (1940-1958)
228
They used punch cards for input and output of data.
First Generation computers (1940-1958)
229
They calculated data in milliseconds.
First Generation computers (1940-1958)
230
They were very large in size but had small storage capacity.
First Generation computers (1940-1958)
231
They were slow in speed.
First Generation computers (1940-1958)
232
They consumed a large amount of energy.
First Generation computers (1940-1958)
233
ENIAC and UNIVAC
First Generation computers (1940-1958)
234
What generation of computers is 1940-1958?
First Generation Computers
235
When was the period of first generation computers?
1940-1958
236
It was the first electronic computer developed by J. Eckert and J. Mauchly in 1946.
ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator)
237
It was the first commercially available computer developed by J. Eckert and J. Mauchly in 1951.
UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer)
238
This computer contained 5,700 vacuum tubes.
UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer)
239
When did J. Eckert and J. Mauchly invent ENIAC?
1946
240
When did J. Eckert and J. Mauchly invent UNIVAC?
1951
241
Who invented ENIAC and UNIVAC?
J. Eckert and J. Mauchly
242
They were smaller in size than the first generation computers.
Second Generation Computers (1959-1963
243
They used transistors instead of vacuum tubes.
Second Generation Computers (1959-1963
244
They used punch cards and magnetic tapes for input and output of data.
Second Generation Computers (1959-1963)
245
They were faster, cheaper and more efficient than the first generation computers.
Second Generation Computers (1959-1963)
246
They could calculate data in microseconds.
Second Generation Computers (1959-1963)
247
They were costly and could be used only for specific purposes.
Second Generation Computers (1959-1963)
248
What generation of computers is 1959-1963?
Second Generation Computers
249
When was the period of second generation computers?
1959-1963
250
What are some examples of second generation computers?
IBM 1401, RCA 501, and Honeywell 200
251
They used Integrated Circuits (IC) in place of transistors.
Third Generation Computers (1954-1970)
252
It is also called a chip and may contain thousands of transistors.
Integrated Circuits (IC)
253
They used keyboard for input of data and monitor for its output.
Third Generation Computers (1954-1970)
254
They were smaller, faster, cheaper and more efficient than the early computers.
Third Generation Computers (1954-1970)
255
What generation of computers is 1954-1970?
Third Generation Computers
256
When was the period of third generation computers?
1954-1970
257
What are some examples of third generation computers?
IBM 360, Apple 1, and lCL 1900
258
They are more powerful and reliable than the previous generation computers.
Fourth Generation Computers (1971-present)
259
They use microprocessors. Microprocessors are Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuits which contain many lCs on a single chip.
Fourth Generation Computers (1971-present)
260
They use keyboard, mouse, scanner and so on of data; and monitor, printer, speakers and so on for its output.
Fourth Generation Computers (1971-present)
261
They have high storage capacity.
Fourth Generation Computers (1971-present)
262
They are much smaller, faster and the cheapest among all the generations.
Fourth Generation Computers (1971-present)
263
What generation of computers is 1971-present?
Fourth Generation Computers
264
When was the period of third generation computers?
1954-1970
265
What are some examples of fourth generation computers?
IBM PC, Apple Macintosh, and HP 9000
266
This generation of computers are still under development.
Fifth Generation Computers (Present-Future)
267
Use of super large-scale integrated chips
Fifth Generation Computers (Present-Future)
268
Artificial Intelligence, a technology that enables a computer to think like humans and perform human - like tasks such as voice recognition, decision- making, and translation between Languages
Fifth Generation Computers (Present-Future)
269
It is a technology that enables a computer to think like humans and perform humanlike tasks.
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
270
Ability to recognize image and voice
Fifth Generation Computers (Present-Future)
271
Ability to solve complex problems including decision-making and logical reasoning
Fifth Generation Computers (Present-Future)
272
Who invented the first computer mouse around 1964, which was made of wood?
Doug Engelbart
273
When did Doug Engelbart invent the first computer mouse, which was made out of wood?
1964
274
How many computer viruses are released every month?
more than 5000
275
When was the first hard drive created?
1979
276
How many MB of data can the first hard drive store?
5 MB
277
What was the first ever microprocessor which was designed for calculators?
4004
278
Who invented the first search engine, Archie Query Form, in 1990?
Allan Emtage
279
When did Allan Emtage invent the first search engine, Archie Query Form?
1990
280
What was the first search engine invented by Allan Emtage in 1990?
Archie Query Form
281
What is the most common password for a computer and social media platforms?
123456
282
It gathers data or allows users to enter data.
Input
283
It manipulates, calculates, or organizes the data into information.
Process
284
It displays data and information in a form suitable for the user.
Output
285
It saves data and information for later use.
Storage
286
It is a representation of raw facts and figures. It can be a number, a word, a picture or a sound.
Data
287
It is a data that has been summarized or organized and presented in a meaningful way for use in decision making.
Information
288
These are electronic devices that enable persons to do a wide variety of things with them.
Computers
289
It is transmitted as a series of electrical signals that are either on or off.
Data
290
To process data, whether it be text, images or sounds, the computer must convert the information into __________.
Binary form
291
It is a base-2 number system.
Binary number system
292
It has value either 0 or 1.
Binary number system
293
It can be represented by the electric current being off.
0
294
It can be represented by the electric current being on.
1
295
All data and program instructions that go into a computer are represented in terms of __________.
Binary numbers
296
In the binary system, each 0 or 1 is called a ___, short for “binary digit”.
Bit
297
These are combined to represent letters, numbers or special characters.
Bits
298
A group of 8 bits is
called a ____.
Byte
299
It represents one character, digit, or other value.
Byte
300
They are used to represent the quality of data and information that the computer inputs or outputs.
Bits and bytes
301
1 byte
Byte (B)
302
1,024 bytes (2^10)
Kilobyte (KB)
303
1,048,576 bytes (2^20 bytes)
Megabyte (MB)
304
1,073,741,824 bytes (2^30 bytes)
Gigabyte (GB)
305
1,099,511,627,776 bytes (2^40 bytes)
Terabyte (TB)
306
1,125,899,906,842,62 bytes (2^50 bytes)
Petabyte (PB)
307
1,152,921,504,606,846,976 bytes (2^60 bytes)
Exabyte (EB)
308
1,180,591,620,717,411,303,424 bytes (2^70 bytes)
Zettabyte (ZB)
309
These were used by early computers and are electrical switches built out of layers of a special type of material called semiconductor.
Transistors
310
It is any material that can be controlled either to conduct electricity or to act as an insulator (to prohibit electricity from passing through).
Semiconductor
311
It found in sand and it is also the semiconductor material used to make transistors.
Silicon
312
By itself, this substance doesn’t conduct electricity particularly well, but if specific chemicals are added to it in a controlled way, it behaves like an on/off switch.
Silicon
313
It allows electric current to flow when a certain voltage is applied; otherwise, it prevents electric current from flowing.
Silicon
314
These are tiny regions of semiconductor material that support a huge number of transistors.
Integrated Circuits (or chips)
315
These are the chips that contain a central processing unit (CPU, or processor).
Microprocessors
316
This can be considered the “brains” of the computer, since this is where the processing of data into information takes place.
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
317
It is packaged in a small case but holds billions of transistors.
Integrated Circuit
318
A computer uses _________ and _________ to process data into information that lets you complete tasks.
hardware, software
319
This uses hardware and software to process data into information that lets you complete tasks.
Computer
320
It is any part of the computer you can physically touch.
Hardware
321
It is the set of computer programs that enables the hardware to perform different tasks.
Software
322
It is used to carry our task such as writing a research paper.
Applications software
323
It enables the computer’s hardware devices and application software to work together.
System software
324
This is the most common type of system software.
Operating System (OS)
325
It the program that controls how the computer functions.
Operating System (OS)
326
What are the two basic design of computers?
1. Portable
2. Stationary
327
What are the three main categories of portable computers?
1. Cell phones
2. Tablets
3. Laptops
328
These have the same components as any computer: a processor, memory, and input and output devices.
Cellphones
329
What are the components of cellphones?
a processor, memory, and input and output devices
330
It also requires their own operating system (OS) software and have their own application software.
Cellphones
331
These use a CPU and an interface so powerful that they can take on many of the same tasks as much more expensive computers: videoconferencing, recording and editing high-definition (HD) video, and broadcasting live-streaming video.
Smartphones
332
● Internet access
● Personal information management (PIM) features
● Voice recording features
● The ability to play and organize music files
● GPS services
● Digital image and video capture
● Computing power to run programs like word processors and video-editing software
● Control other devices in smart home
Feature of Smartphones
333
It is a portable computer integrated into a multitouch-sensitive screen.
Tablet computer
334
These use an on-screen keyboard, but can also connect external keyboards to tablets.
Tablet computers
335
What are some similar features of smartphones and tablets?
● Similar operating systems
● Similar processor
● Touch-screen interfaces
● Long battery life
● Similar software applications
● Similar Internet connectivity
● Bluetooth
336
This uses radio waves to transmit data signals over distances up to approximately 1,200 feet for five devices.
Bluetooth technology
337
It is a portable computer that has a keyboard, monitor, and other devices integrated into a single compact case.
Laptop or Notebook Computer
338
This was the first type of portable computer, but as our demand for lighter and more portable computers accelerated, tablets and smartphones were developed.
Laptop or Notebook Computer
339
What are the guidelines to determine what device best fits your personal need?
● Power
● Screen size and resolution
● Style of keyboard
● Battery life
● Weight
● Number of devices
340
It is intended for use at single location.
Desktop computer
341
It consists a separate case or tower (called system unit) that houses the main components of the computer and to which peripheral devices are attached.
Desktop computers
342
It is a separate case or tower that houses the main components of the computer and to which peripheral devices are attached.
System unit
343
It is a component, such as a monitor or keyboard that connects to the computer.
Peripheral device
344
It eliminates the need for a separate tower because these computers house the computer’s processor and memory in the monitor.
All-in-one computer
345
What is an example of an all-in-one computer?
Apple iMac
346
These are easier to upgrade than laptops or other portable computers (which often cannot be upgraded at all).
Desktop computer
347
It is a large, expensive computer that supports many users simultaneously.
Mainframe
348
These are often used in businesses that manage large amounts of data, such as insurance companies, where many people are working at the same time on similar operations, such as claims processing.
Mainframes
349
These computers excel at executing many computer programs at the same time.
Mainframe computers
350
It is a specially designed computer that can perform complex calculations extremely rapidly.
Supercomputer
351
These are used when complex models requiring intensive mathematical calculations are needed (such as weather forecasting).
Supercomputers
352
These are designed to execute a few programs as quickly as possible, whereas mainframes are designed to handle many programs running at the same time but at a slower pace.
Supercomputers
353
It is a specially designed computer chip that resides in another device, such as your car, a drone, or the electronic thermostat in your home.
Embedded computer
354
These are self-contained computer devices that have their own programming and that typically don’t receive input from you or interact with other systems.
Embedded computer
355
These allow people to put data into the computer in a form that computer can use.
Input devices
356
What is the primary input device on a microcomputer?
Keyboard
357
It is an input device that converts letters, numbers, and other character into electrical signals readable by the processor.
Keyboard
358
These are display screens that respond to commands initiated by touching them with your finger or a stylus.
Touch screens
359
It is a device that looks like a pen and that you use to tap commands or draw on a screen.
Stylus
360
These use a virtual keyboard that displays on screen when text input is required.
Touch-screen devices
361
These can also support dozens of languages and different character sets.
Virtual keyboards
362
This is the most common keyboard layout, whether virtual or physical.
A standard QWERTY
keyboard
363
This keyboard layout gets its name from the first six letters in the top-left row of alphabetic keys and is the standard English-language keyboard layout.
QWERTY keyboard
364
It was originally designed for typewriters and was meant to slow down typists and prevent typewriter keys from jamming.
QWERTY layout
365
Another keyboard layout that did not obtain much public interest.
Dvorak keyboard
366
It is the most common pointing device used to enter user responses and commands.
Mouse
367
This is an onscreen icon (often shown by a vertical bar or an arrow) that helps the user keep track of exactly what is active on the display screen.
Cursor
368
This is the most common mouse type.
Optical mouse
369
It uses an internal sensor or laser to detect the mouse’s movement.
Optical mouse
370
It sends signals to computer, telling it where to move the pointer on the screen.
Sensor
371
These don’t require a mouse pad, though you can use one to enhance the movement of the mouse on an uneven surface or to protect your work surface from being scratched.
Optical mouse
372
This usually connects the same way that wireless keyboards do—either through an integrated Bluetooth chip or a Bluetooth receiver that plugs into a USB port.
Wireless mouse
373
These mice are designed with touch-screen computers in mind. Unlike traditional mice, there are no specifically defined buttons.
Touch mouse
374
It also allows you to perform traditional mouse tasks, such as moving the cursor when you move the mouse.
Touch mouse
375
This is also called an integrated pointing device.
Touch pad (or trackpad)
376
It is a small,
touch-sensitive area at the base of the keyboard.
Touch pad (or trackpad)
377
These laptops include multitouch trackpads, which don’t have buttons but are controlled by various one-, two-, three-, and four-finger actions.
Mac laptops
378
It is controlled by brushing two fingers along the trackpad in any direction.
Scrolling
379
These are also considered input devices because they send data to computing devices (e.g., joysticks, game pads, and steering wheels).
Game controllers
380
__________, which are like the devices used on gaming consoles such as the Xbox One, are also available for use with computers.
Game controllers
381
They have buttons and miniature pointing devices that provide input to the computer.
Game controllers
382
Digital cameras, camcorders, and mobile device cameras
Input devices
383
These can connect to your computer with a cable, transmit data wirelessly, or transfer data automatically through the Internet.
Stand-alone devices
384
These also input images and they work similarly to a photocopy machine; however, instead of generating the image on paper, they create a digital image, which you can then print, save, or e-mail.
Flatbed scanners
385
These are often used in conjunction with optical character recognition (OCR) software, which digitizes and saves text in digital form.
Flatbed scanners
386
This health and fitness application captures data by using the cell phone’s camera to scan UPC (Universal Product Code) codes on food products.
MyFitnessPal
387
What does the acronym UPC stand for?
Universal Product Code
388
The devices used at supermarkets and retail stores to scan the UPC codes on your purchases are also a type of scanner that inputs information into another computer, or the __________.
Point-of-sale terminal (cash register)
389
It is a front-facing camera that attaches to a desktop computer or is built into a computing device.
Webcam
390
They’re used mostly for capturing and
transmitting live video.
Webcams
391
These let a person using a device equipped with a
webcam and a microphone transmit video and audio across the Internet.
Videoconferencing apps
392
These applications make it easy to videoconference with multiple people.
Skype and Google Hangouts
393
It is a device that lets you capture sound waves (such as your voice) and transfer them to digital format on your computer.
Microphone (or mic)
394
It allows you to control your devices by speaking into a microphone instead of using a keyboard or mouse.
Voice recognition software
395
What are some examples of intelligent personal assistants?
Apple’s Siri, Google Assistant, and Microsoft’s Cortana
396
It is any device that detects or measures something.
Sensor
397
These feed data into the device and are used by the hardware or apps that rely on the input provided.
Sensors
398
It detects magnetic fields. Compass and metal detecting apps use this sensor.
Magnetometer
399
It is used in phones to determine when the phone is placed next to your ear so the phone knows to shut off the display while you are talking.
Proximity sensor
400
It measures ambient light brightness so the device can adjust the brightness of the display.
Light sensor
401
It measures acceleration that the device is experiencing. It also helps determine the orientation of the device along three axes, which allows the device to determine if it is in landscape or portrait orientation.
Accelerometer
402
It provides orientation information but with greater precision than the accelerometer.
Gyroscope
403
It measures atmospheric pressure to determine how high the device is above sea level.
Barometer
404
This improves GPS accuracy and also enables counting floors more accurately when step climbing.
Barometer
405
It measures ambient temperature either inside or outside the device.
Thermometer
406
This is mainly used to monitor overheating of delicate electronic components inside the device.
Thermometer
407
It is used to record the number of steps taken while having the device in your possession.
Pedometer
408
It is used to record and read fingerprint data to secure the device.
Fingerprint sensor
409
It measures pulse rate by detecting pulsating blood vessels inside your finger.
Heart rate monitor
410
It lets you send processed data out of your computer in the form of text, pictures (graphics), sounds (audio), or video.
Output device
411
They need options for outputting data so you can transfer it to other locations.
Computing devices
412
It displays text, graphics, and videos (sometimes referred to as a monitor on desktops and laptops).
Display screen
413
This is the most common type of monitor for laptop and desktop computers.
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
414
It is also called a flat-panel monitor, and it is light and
energy efficient.
LCD monitor
415
It is more energy efficient and may have better color accuracy and thinner panels than LCD monitors.
Light-emitting Diode (LED) displays
416
These run longer on a single battery charge than do LEDs, which is why
they use organic compounds that produce light when
exposed to an electric current.
Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays
417
Unlike LCDs and LEDs, these do not require a backlight to function and therefore draw less power and have a much thinner display, sometimes as thin as 3 mm.
Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays
418
It is probably the technology used in your smartphone, tablet, and digital camera.
OLED technology
419
Which company is now working on transparent and flexible OLED display screens?
LG
420
These screens allow you to see what is behind the screen while still being able to display information on the screen.
Transparent screens
421
These types of screens present interesting possibilities for augmentative reality.
Transparent screens
422
It is a view of a real-world environment whose elements are augmented (or supplemented) by some type of computer-generated sensory input such as video, graphics, or GPS data.
Augmented Reality (AR)
423
These will eliminate the need for the camera.
Transparent screens
424
These are grids made up of millions of tiny dots, called pixels.
Display screens
425
These are millions of tiny dots that make up the grids in display screens.
Pixels
426
Each pixel on 4K and 8K resolution TVs and monitors are made up of ____ yellow, red, blue, and green subpixels.
four
427
These are made of two or more sheets of material filled with a liquid crystal solution.
LCD monitors
428
This generates light waves at the back of the LCD monitor.
Fluorescent panel
429
How are images formed on the screen?
When electric current passes through the liquid crystal solution, the crystals move around and either block the fluorescent light or let the light shine through. This blocking or passing of light by the crystals causes images to form on the screen.
430
(True or False) The various combinations of yellow, red, blue, and green make up the components of color we see on our monitors.
True
431
This is the most important factor to consider when choosing a display screen.
Aspect ratio and resolution
432
It is the
width-to-height proportion of a monitor.
Aspect ratio
433
What is the traditional aspect ratio?
4:3
434
What aspect ratio accommodates HD videos?
16:9
435
This is the clearness or sharpness of the image and it reflects the number of pixels on the screen.
Screen resolution
436
It may have a native (or maximum) resolution of 1600 × 1200, meaning it contains 1600 vertical columns with 1200 pixels in each column.
LCD monitor
437
(True or False) The higher the resolution, the sharper and clearer the image.
True
438
The resolution of an LCD monitor is dictated by the
__________ and __________.
screen size, aspect ratio
439
These can allow you to view multiple documents or web pages at the same time.
Larger screens
440
What is the screen resolution of 8k monitors and TVs?
7680 × 4320
441
Ultra HD is also called as __________.
4K display
442
This has a resolution of 3840 × 2160, which is four times the pixels of the original HD devices.
Ultra HD or 4K
443
This lets you project images from your
device onto a wall or screen.
Projector
444
These are ideal for businesspeople who make presentations at client locations.
Small and lightweight portable projectors
445
These include stereo speakers and multimedia connectors, making them a good option for use in the home to display TV programs, movies, or video games.
Entertainment projectors
446
In classrooms and conference rooms, projectors are often combined with another output device, the __________.
Interactive white board
447
This projects the computer’s display onto the interactive white board’s surface.
Projector
448
This doubles as an input device and allows users to control and provide input to the computer using a pen, finger, or stylus.
Touch-sensitive board
449
These can be captured and saved from the white board to the attached computer.
Notes and annotations
450
These are the output devices for sound.
Integrated speakers
451
These are sufficient for playing audio clips you find on the web and usually for letting you make video conference or phone calls over the Internet.
Integrated speakers
452
These are special speakers that produce only low bass sounds.
Subwoofers
453
It is a set of speakers and audio processing equipment that envelops the listener in a 360-degree field of sound.
Surround-sound system
454
These are widely available, enabling you to connect portable devices to quality speakers easily.
Wireless speaker systems
455
These connect wirelessly or plug into the same jack on your computing device to which external speakers connect.
Headphones or earbuds
456
This creates hard copies (copies you can touch) of text and graphics.
Printer
457
What are the two primary categories of printers common in the home and office?
1. Inkjet
2. Laser
458
These are popular because they’re affordable and produce high-quality printouts quickly and quietly.
Inkjet printers
459
They work by spraying tiny drops of ink onto paper and are great for printing black-and-white text as well as color mages.
Inkjet printers
460
What colors are used in four or more cartridges?
cyan, magenta, yellow, and black
461
What is the four-color printing process that many inkjets use?
CMYK (cyan, magenta, yellow, and key, which is usually represented by black)
462
This uses laser beams and static electricity to deliver toner (similar to ink) onto the correct areas of the page.
Laser printer
463
It is used to fuse the toner to the page, making the image permanent.
Heat
464
These are often used because they print faster than inkjet printers and produce higher-quality printouts.
Laser printers
465
These are great for printing from portable devices.
Wireless printers
466
These are also a good option for home networks, as they let several people print to the same printer from different devices and any location in the home.
Wireless printers
467
What are the two types of wireless printers?
1. Wi-Fi
2. Bluetooth
468
These printers both have a range of up to approximately 300 feet.
Wi-Fi and Bluetooth printers
469
This printer sends data more quickly than Bluetooth.
Wi-Fi printer
470
This is a feature of iOS that facilitates printing to AirPrint-compatible wireless printers.
Air-Print
471
It is a service that lets you configure your printers so you can
access them from mobile devices.
Google Cloud Print
472
This uses cloud-ready printers that are available from manufacturers such as HP, Kodak, and Epson.
Google Cloud Print
473
These only need an Internet connection and then can be accessed from any mobile device.
Cloud-ready printers
474
This combines the functions of a printer, scanner, copier, and fax into one machine.
All-in-one printer
475
This generates oversize images such as banners, posters, and infographics that require more sophisticated color detail.
Large-format printer
476
Some of these printers use up to 12 different inks to
achieve high-quality color images.
Large-format printer
477
It is used to print three-dimensional objects.
3D printer
478
These build such objects one layer at a time from the bottom up. They begin by spreading a layer of powder on a platform. Then, depending on the technology, the printer uses nozzles to spray tiny drops of glue at specific places to solidify the powder, or the powder is solidified through a melting process. The printer repeats this process until the object is built.
3D printers
479
This technology is now used for the manufacturing of a variety of consumer goods, from toys to clothing.
3D printing
480
(True or False) If you’ll be printing mostly text–based
documents or will be sharing your printer with others, a laser printer is best because of its speed
and overall economy for volume printing.
True
481
Where do the main processing functions of your computer take place?
in the Central Processing Unit (CPU) and memory, both of which reside on your computer’s motherboard.
482
It is the main circuit board in the system unit.
Motherboard or system board
483
It consists of a flat board that fills one side of the case.
Motherboard
484
It contains both soldered, non-removable components and sockets or slots for components that can be removed; microprocessor chip, RAM chip and various expansion cards.
Motherboard
485
(True or False) In a laptop, tablet, or phone, the system unit is combined with the monitor and the keyboard into a single package.
True
486
These are smaller, flatter, and lack expansion slots.
Portable device motherboards
487
These have two or three buttons (Macs sometimes have only one button) that let you execute commands and open shortcut menus.
Mouse or mice (plural)
488
It is used to temporarily hold (1) software instructions and (2) data before and after it is processed by the CPU.
Random Access Memory (RAM)
489
It is volatile – the contents are lost when the power goes off or is turned off.
Random Access Memory (RAM)
490
It is much faster to read from and write to than the hard drive and other forms of storage.
Random Access Memory (RAM)
491
What is the billionths of a second?
nanoseconds
492
It is a series of small cards (called memory cards or memory modules) plugged into slots on the motherboard.
Random Access Memory (RAM)
493
A series of small cards.
Memory cards or memory modules
494
It holds all the instructions the device needs to start up when it’s powered on.
Read-Only Memory (ROM)
495
Unlike data stored in RAM, which is volatile storage, the instructions stored in this are permanent, making it a nonvolatile storage location, which means the data isn’t erased when the power is turned off.
Read-Only Memory (ROM)
496
These are circuit boards that provide additional functionality. They are also called adapter cards.
Expansion cards
497
What are some typical expansion cards found in the system unit?
Sound and video cards
498
It provides a connection for the
speakers and microphone.
Sound card
499
It provides a connection for the monitor.
Video card
500
These use expansion cards to provide video and sound capabilities, making it easy for owners to upgrade to the latest video cards on the market.
High-end gaming desktops
501
This enables your computer to connect with other computers or to a cable modem to facilitate a high-speed Internet connection, is often integrated into the motherboard.
Network Interface Card (NIC)
502
These provide connectivity to Wi-Fi networks.
Wireless network interface modules
503
It is used to receive radio waves from satellites that help you pinpoint your location.
Global Positioning System (GPS)
504
These were initially installed in cell phones to allow the 911 emergency call operators to pinpoint the location of cell phones for people needing assistance.
GPS receivers
505
Who built and operated the GPS?
U.S. Department of Defense
506
It is a network of 24 satellites (plus 3 working spares) that constantly orbit Earth.
Global Positioning System (GPS)
507
They use an antenna to pick up the signals from these satellites and use special software to transform those signals into latitude and longitude.
GPS receivers
508
This is sometimes referred to as the “brains” of the computer because it controls all the functions performed by the computer’s other components and processes all the commands issued to it by software instructions.
Central Processing Unit (CPU) or processor
509
Processor speed is measured in units of ____.
hertz (Hz)
510
It is a measurement of machine cycles per second.
hertz (Hz)
511
It is the process of the CPU getting the data or instructions from RAM and decoding the instructions into something the computer can understand.
Machine cycle
512
They run at speeds measured in gigahertz (GHz) or billions of machine cycles per second.
Current systems
513
(True or False) CPU processor speed alone doesn’t determine the performance of the CPU.
True
514
This is the number of cores of a processor.
Processing paths
515
(True or False) Initially, processors could handle only one instruction at a time.
True
516
(True or False) Applications such as virus protection software and the operating system, which are always running behind the scenes, can have their own processor paths, freeing up the other paths to run other applications such as a web browser, Word, or iTunes more efficiently.
True
517
One of the leading manufacturers of computer processor chips, provides a website (ark.intel.com) that assists in comparing the performance of different models of CPUs.
Intel
518
hard drive, cloud storage location, or flash drive
nonvolatile storage devices
519
This is your desktop’s or laptop’s primary device for permanent storage of software and documents.
Hard drive
520
It resides within the desktop or laptop system unit and usually holds all permanently stored programs and data.
Internal hard drive
521
These offer similar storage capacities but reside outside the system unit and connect to the computer via a port.
External hard drives
522
This is the most common type of hard drive and it has moveable parts—spinning platters and a moving arm with a read/write head—that can fail and lead to disk failure.
Hard disk drive
523
It is now a popular option for ultrabooks and laptop storage.
Solid-state Drive (SSD)
524
They have no moving parts, so they’re more efficient, run with no noise, emit little heat, and require little power. In addition, they’re less likely to fail after being bumped or dropped.
Solid-state Drive (SSD)
525
Permanent storage devices are located in your desktop or laptop computer in a space called a __________.
Drive bay
526
What are the two kinds of drive bay?
1. Internal drive bays
2. External drive bays
527
These cannot be seen or accessed from outside the system unit. Generally, these are reserved for internal hard drives.
Internal drive bays
528
These can be seen and accessed from outside the system unit. They house DVD and Blu-ray drives, for example.
External drive bays
529
(True or False) Laptop computers generally do not give you the ability to add additional drives.
True
530
It uses solid-state flash memory, storing information on an internal memory chip.
Flash drive (sometimes referred to as a jump drive, USB drive, or thumb drive)
531
You can write data to it or read data from it as you would a hard drive.
Flash drive
532
Despite their size, these can have significant storage capacity— currently as much as 1 TB or more.
Flash drives
533
These let you transfer digital data between your computer and devices such as digital cameras, smartphones, tablets, video cameras, and printers.
Flash memory cards
534
They are easy to install inside a phone, and some models have external slots for an SD card.
Micro SD cards
535
It refers to using a service that keeps your files on the Internet (in the “cloud”) rather than storing your files solely on a device.
Cloud storage
536
Google Drive,
Microsoft’s OneDrive, and Dropbox
Cloud storage
537
It is a place through which a peripheral device attaches to the computer so that data can be exchanged between it and the operating system.
A port
538
It is the newest input/output
technology on the market.
Thunderbolt
539
They are very useful for laptops and ultrabooks because
one port can allow you to connect up to six different peripherals to your computer.
Thunderbolt ports
540
These can achieve blazingly fast transfer speeds of up to 40 Gb/s.
Thunderbolt 3 ports
541
Who was the first computer manufacturer to integrate Thunderbolt ports into their hardware?
Apple
542
They are slim and speedy, making them popular on today’s ultrabooks and laptops.
Thunderbolt ports
543
It is the port type most commonly used to connect input and output devices to the computer.
Universal Serial Bus (USB) port
544
They can connect a wide variety of peripherals to computing devices, including keyboards, printers, mice, smartphones, external hard drives, flash drives, and digital cameras.
Universal Serial Bus (USB) port
545
It provides transfer speeds of 10 Gbps and charges devices faster than previous USB ports.
The current USB 3.1 standard
546
They come in a variety of standard and proprietary configurations plus the new Type-C connector (and port), which is supplanting older connector types as USB 3.1 continues to roll out.
Universal Serial Bus (USB) port
547
It can give you access to networks and the Internet.
Connectivity port
548
This transfers data at speeds up to 10,000 Mbps.
Ethernet port
549
(True or False) You can use an Ethernet port to connect your computer to either a cable modem or a wired network.
True
550
These are where you connect headphones, microphones, and speakers to the computer.
Audio ports
551
This is for attaching a monitor to a desktop computer or adding a second, larger display to a laptop computer.
Video port
552
They are now the most common video port on computing devices.
High-definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) ports
553
It is a compact audio–video interface that allows both HD video and uncompressed digital audio to be carried on one cable.
High-definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) ports
554
These are found
on most TVs and laptops.
Full-size (or type A) connectors
555
(True or False) Tablets and phones are more likely to have a mini (type C) or micro (type D) HDMI port.
True
556
It is a type of computer program that is designed to run a computer's hardware and application programs
System software
557
It is the interface between the hardware and user applications.
System software
558
It is the best-known example of system software.
Operating System (OS)
559
It manages all the other programs in a computer.
Operating System (OS)
560
It is a software designed to provide a platform for other software.
System software
561
What are some examples of system software?
macOS, Linux, Android and Microsoft Windows, computational science software, game engines, search engines, industrial automation, and software as a service applications
562
It is a system software that manages computer hardware, software resources, and provides common services for computer programs.
Operating System (OS)
563
It is a group of programs that controls how computer functions.
System software
564
What are the two primary types of programs of system software?
1. Operating System (OS)
2. Utility Programs
565
It is a set of programs containing instructions that work together to coordinate all the activities among computer hardware resources.
Operating System (OS)
566
It is a type of system software that allows a user to perform maintenance-type tasks.
Utility Programs
567
What are the three primary functions of an operating system?
1. Managing hardware
2. Managing software
3. Managing task
568
This includes the processor, memory, and storage devices, as well as peripheral devices such as the printer.
Managing hardware
569
This allows the application software to work with the central processing unit (CPU).
Managing software
570
This is the scheduling and coordinating of processes (like reading strokes from the keyboard) and the managing of network resources.
Managing task
571
This is the desktop, icons and menus that let you communicate with your computer.
User Interface
572
It is the computer's main control program.
Operating System (OS)
573
This controls and maintains a record of all other programs on the computer, including both application and system software.
Operating System (OS)
574
It is a small program that performs many of the general housekeeping tasks for your computer, to help the computer run more efficiently.
Utility Programs
575
These include such things as virus protection, backup and restore software, and system management tools.
Utilities
576
This is a free open source OS designed for use on personal computers and web servers.
Linux
577
It is available for anyone to use or modify.
Open-source software
578
It began in 1991 as a project of Finnish university student Linus Torvalds.
Linux
579
In what year was Linux developed by Linus Torvalds?
1991
580
Who developed Linux in 1991?
Linus Torvalds
581
It is the mobile OS for devices designed by Google, Samsung, and other companies.
Android
582
What is the main OS for Apple devices?
iOS, macOS
583
It is a machine that performs repetitive series of specific task in precise time.
Real-time OS (RTOS)
584
It is also known as network OS and it allows multiple users access to the computer at the same time (e.g., UNIX).
Multiuser Operating System
585
It is also referred to as embedded systems, and they require minimal user interaction.
Real-time OS (RTOS)
586
This type of OS is a program with a specific purpose, and it must guarantee certain response times for certain computing tasks; otherwise, the machine is useless.
Real-time OS (RTOS)
587
This lets more than one user access the computer system at a time by handling and prioritizing requests from multiple users.
Multiuser Operating System (or Network Operating System)
588
These are groups of computers connected to each other so that they can communicate and share resources.
Networks
589
This is the computer that manages network resources such as printing and communications.
Server
590
It coordinates and directs the flow of data and information.
Operating System (OS)
591
It allocates resources as necessary to ensure that each application receives the appropriate amount.
Operating System (OS)
592
The operating system needs to allocate enough of the processor's time to each process and application so that they can run as efficiently as possible. This is particularly important for multitasking. When the user has multiple applications and processes running, it is up to the operating system to ensure that they have enough resources to run properly.
Processor management
593
The operating system needs to ensure that each process has enough memory to execute the process, while also ensuring that one process does not use the memory allocated to another process.
Memory storage and management
594
What are the four general types of memory, arranged in order of speed?
1. High-speed cache
2. Main memory
3. Secondary memory
4. Disk storage
595
Most computers have additional hardware, such as printers and scanners, connected to them. These devices require drivers, or special programs that translate the electrical signals sent from the operating system or application program to the hardware device. The operating system manages the input to and output from the computer. It often assigns high-priority blocks to drivers so that the hardware can be released and available for the next use as soon as possible.
Device management
596
These are special programs that translate the electrical signals sent from the operating system or application program to the hardware device
Drivers
597
Programmers use application program interfaces (APIs) to control the computer and operating system. As software developers write applications, they can insert these API functions in their programs. As the operating system encounters these API functions, it takes the desired action, so the programmer does not need to know the details of controlling the hardware.
Application interface
598
This enables the user to interact with the computer.
User Interface
599
What are the three types of interfaces?
1. Command-driven interface
2. Menu-driven interface
3. Graphical User Interface (GUI)
600
This sits as a layer above the operating system. It is the part of the application through which the user interacts with the application. Some operating systems, such as Microsoft Windows and Apple Macintosh, use graphical user interfaces. Other operating systems, such as Unix, use shells.
User Interface
601
User interface (command-driven) used by early personal computers.
Microsoft Disk Operating System (MS-DOS or just DOS)
602
It interface is one in which you enter commands to communicate with the computer system.
Command-driven interface
603
It is one in which you choose commands from menus displayed on the screen.
Menu-driven interface
604
These eliminated the need for users to know every command because they could select from a menu.
Menu-driven interface
605
They display graphics and use the point-and-click technology of the mouse and cursor (or human finger), making them much more user-friendly.
Graphical User Interface (GUI)
606
It manages all of the software and hardware on the computer.
Operating System (OS)
607
It performs basic tasks such as file, memory and process management, handling input and output, and controlling peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers.
Operating System (OS)
608
What are the four parts of hardware coordination?
1. Event
2. Interrupt handler
3. Preemptive multitasking
4. Spooler
609
It is the borrowing of drive space.
Virtual memory
610
These are the blocks of code that the CPU recognizes.
Application Programming Interface (API)
611
What is encompassed in the boot process?
1. Activating the BIOS
2. Performing the Power-on Self-Test
3. Loading the OS
4. Checking Further Configurations and Customizations
612
It is also responsible for loading and OS into RAM.
BIOS
613
It manages the exchange of data between the OS and the input and output devices.
Step 1: Activating BIOS
614
It ensures that essential peripheral devices are attached and operational.
Step 2: Performing the Power-on Self-Test
615
In this step, the system files are then loaded into RAM.
Step 3: Loading the OS
616
It contains configurations used by the OS and applications.
Registry
617
It is an essential component of the OS and it is loaded while the OS is also being loaded.
Kernel
618
This is the primary working area.
Desktop
619
It displays open and favorite applications for easy access.
Taskbar
620
It provides access to all applications and apps installed on your device.
Start Menu
621
What is the hierarchical structure of the computer’s content?
1. Drives
2. Libraries
3. Folders
4. Subfolders
5. Files
622
It is the top of the filing structure.
Root Directory (C:)
623
It is the collection of program instructions or data.
File
624
It is treated as a single unit.
File
625
It is stored on a permanent storage device.
File
626
It is a collection of files.
Folder
627
Windows: \; Linux: /; macOS: ?
colon (:)
628
It is the main tool for finding, viewing, and managing computer contents.
File Explorer
629
It shows the location and contents of every drive, folder, and file.
File Explorer
630
It makes a large file more compact.
File Compression Utility
631
These are incorporated into the operating system (e.g., firewall and file-compression utilities).
Utility Programs
632
What are some examples of standalone utility programs?
1. Antivirus and security programs
2. Freeware
633
What are the System Performance Utilities?
1. Disk Cleanup
2. Task Manager
3. Disk Defragmenter
634
File and system backup utilities
1. File History
2. System Restore
635
These are designed for users with special need.
Accessibility Utilities
636
They are designed to handle many programs running at the same time but at a slower pace.
Mainframes
