Midterms Flashcards
(185 cards)
1
Q
Who’s human being definition is this? “an organism that “strives its own way to reduce tension generated by needs and lives in unstable equilibrium” “ Each individual may be viewed as a unique biological-psychological-spiritual structure, one that will not react the same as any other individual.”
A
Hildegard Peplau
2
Q
“an organism that “strives its own way to reduce tension generated by needs and lives in unstable equilibrium”
A
Human Being
3
Q
Who’s health definition is this? “a word symbol that implies forward movement of
personality and other ongoing human processes in the direction of creative, constructive, productive, personal, and community living.”
A
Hildegard Peplau
4
Q
“a word symbol that implies forward movement of
personality and other ongoing human processes in the direction of creative, constructive, productive, personal, and community living”
A
Health
5
Q
“a “significant therapeutic, interpersonal process” that functions cooperatively with others to make health possible”
A
Nursing
6
Q
Who’s nursing definition is this? “a “significant therapeutic, interpersonal process” that functions cooperatively with others to make health possible”
A
Hildegard Peplau
7
Q
What is the purpose of nursing according to Peplau?
A
to educate and be a maturing force so that the patient (person) gets a new view of himself given the need that he has presented
8
Q
What is Nursing according to Peplau?
A
Therapeutic, a healing art
9
Q
What are the phases of Peplau’s Nurse-Patient Relationship?
A
- Orientation Phase
- Identification Phase
- Exploitation Phase
- Resolution Phase
10
Q
What is the theory of Hildegard Peplau?
A
Interpersonal Relations Theory
11
Q
Identify what phase of Peplau’s Theory.
nurse and patient meet as two strangers
A
Orientation Phase
12
Q
Identify what phase of Peplau’s Theory.
the individual has a felt need and seeks
professional assistance
A
Orientation Phase
13
Q
Identify what phase of Peplau’s Theory.
The nurse helps the individual to recognize and understand his/ her problem and
determine the need for help.
A
Orientation Phase
14
Q
Identify what phase of Peplau’s Theory.
patient identifies with those who can help him/her
A
Identification Phase
15
Q
Identify what phase of Peplau’s Theory.
The nurse permits exploration of feelings to aid the patient in undergoing illness as an experience that reorients feelings and strengthens positive forces in the personality and provides needed satisfaction
A
Identification Phase
16
Q
Identify what phase of Peplau’s Theory.
patient attempts to derive full value from what he/she is offered through the relationship
A
Exploitation
17
Q
Identify what phase of Peplau’s Theory.
The nurse can project new goals to be achieved through personal effort and power shifts from the nurse to the patient as the patient delays gratification to achieve the newly formed goals.
A
Exploitation Phase
18
Q
Identify what phase of Peplau’s Theory.
patient gradually puts aside old goals and adopts new goals
A
Resolution Phase
19
Q
Identify what phase of Peplau’s Theory.
patient frees himself from identification with the nurse
A
Resolution Phase
20
Q
What are the different roles of nursing according to Peplau’s Theory?
A
• TEACHER
• RESOURCE PERSON
• COUNSELOR
• LEADER
• TECHNICAL EXPERT
• SURROGATE
21
Q
She believes that “the behavior of the nurse-as-a-person interacting with the patient as-a-person has significant impact on the patient’s well-being and the quality and outcome of nursing care”.
A
Hildegard Peplau
22
Q
Nursing Roles of Peplau
One who imparts knowledge concerning a need or interest
A
Teacher
23
Q
Nursing Roles of Peplau
One who provides specific, needed information that aids in understanding a problem or a new situation
A
Resource
24
Q
Nursing Roles of Peplau
One who through the use of certain skills and attitudes, aids another in recognizing, facing, accepting, and resolving problems that are interfering with the other person’s ability to live happily and effectively
A
Counselor
25
Nursing Roles of Peplau
One who carries out the process of initiation and maintenance of group goals through interaction
Leader
26
Nursing Roles of Peplau
One who provides physical care by displaying clinical skills and operating equipment in this care
Technical Expert
27
Nursing Roles of Peplau
One who takes the place of another
Surrogate
28
Identify what phase of Peplau’s Theory.
This phase defines the problem and identifies the service needed by the patient
Orientation
29
Identify what phase of Peplau’s Theory.
This phase is the nurse’s assessment of the patient’s health and situation.
Orientation Phase
30
Identify what phase of Peplau’s Theory.
This phase includes the selection of the appropriate assistance by a professional.
Identification Phase
31
Identify what phase of Peplau’s Theory.
the patient begins to feel as if he or she belongs, and feels capable of dealing with the problem which decreases the feeling of helplessness and hopelessness
Identification Phase
32
Identify what phase of Peplau’s Theory.
This phase is the development of a nursing care plan based on the patient’s situation and goals.
Identification Phase
33
Identify what phase of Peplau’s Theory.
the patient feels like an integral part of the helping environment, and may make minor requests or use attention-getting techniques.
Exploitation Phase
34
Identify what phase of Peplau’s Theory.
This phase is the implementation of the nursing plan, taking actions toward meeting the goals set in the identification phase.
Exploitation Phase
35
Identify what phase of Peplau’s Theory.
It is the termination of the professional relationship since the patient’s needs have been met through the collaboration of patient and nurse.
Resolution Phase
36
Identify what phase of Peplau’s Theory.
This phase is the evaluation of the nursing process
Resolution Phase
37
It was defined as the initial response to a psychic threat.
Anxiety
38
[Type or Anxiety] It is a positive state of heightened awareness and sharpened senses, allowing the person to learn new behaviors and solve problems. The person can take in all available stimuli (perceptual field).
Mild Anxiety
39
[Type of Anxiety]
involves a decreased perceptual field (focus on immediate task only); the person can learn a new behavior or solve problems only with assistance. Another person can redirect the person to the task.
Moderate Anxiety
40
[Type of Anxiety]
involves feelings of dread and terror. The person cannot be redirected to a task; he or she focuses only on scattered details and has physiologic symptoms of tachycardia, diaphoresis, and chest pain.
Severe Anxiety
41
[Type of Anxiety]
can involve loss of rational thought, delusions, hallucinations, and complete physical immobility and muteness. The person may bolt and run aimlessly, often exposing himself or herself to injury.
Panic Anxiety
42
Who’s Person definition is this?
a complete and independent being with biological, sociological and spiritual components
Virginia Henderson
43
a complete and independent being with biological, sociological and spiritual components
Person
44
Who’s health definition is this?
the ability to perform independently the 14 basic needs
Virginia Henderson
45
Who’s environment definition is this?
the aggregate of the external conditions and influences affecting
the life and development of an organism
Virginia Henderson
46
7 components of Virginia Henderson
Light
Temperature
Air Movement
Atmospheric Pressure
Proper Waste Disposal
Absence of Injurious Chemicals
Cleanliness of surroundings
47
Who’s nursing definition is this?
The unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in
the performance of activities contributing to health or its recovery.
Virginia Henderson
48
The unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in
the performance of activities contributing to health or its recovery.
Nursing
49
14 basic needs of human Virginia Henderson
Breathe normally
Eat and drink adequately
Eliminate body wastes
Move and maintain desirable postures
Sleep and rest
Select suitable clothes
Keep the body clean and well groomed
Maintain body temperature
Avoid dangers in the environment and avoid injuring others
Communicate with others
Worship according to one’s faith
Work in such a way that there is a sense of accomplishment
Play or participate in various forms of recreation
Learn, discovery, satisfy curiosity
50
This theory focuses on the importance of increasing the patient’s independence to hasten their progress in the hospital.
Virginia Henderson’s Theory
51
“I say that the nurse does for others what they would do for themselves if they had the strength, the will, and the knowledge. But I go on to say that the nurse makes the patient independent of him or her as soon as possible."
Virginia Henderson
52
“The nurse is temporarily the consciousness of the unconscious, the love of life for the suicidal, the leg of the amputee, the eyes of the newly blind, a means of locomotion for the infant and the knowledge and confidence for the young mother..."
Virginia Henderson
53
Who’s human being’s definition is this?
describes the recipients of nursing as individuals (and families, and thus, society), but does not delineate her beliefs or assumptions about the nature of human beings
Faye Glenn Abdellah
54
describes the recipients of nursing as individuals (and families, and thus, society), but does not delineate her beliefs or assumptions about the nature of human beings
Human beings
55
Who’s health definition is this?
total health needs” and “a healthy state of mind and body”
Faye Glenn Abdellah
56
Who’s nursing definition is this?
considers nursing to be a comprehensive service that is based on an art and science and aims to help people, sick or well, cope with their health needs.
Faye Glenn Abdellah
57
apparent condition
overt
58
hidden or concealed condition
covert
59
a condition faced by the patient or patient’s family that the nurse, through the performance of professional functions, can assist them to meet.
Nursing Problem
60
Abdellah’s 21 Nursing Problems
1. To maintain good hygiene and physical comfort
2. To promote optimal activity; exercise, rest and sleep
3. To promote safety though the prevention of accident, injury, or other trauma and through the prevention of the spread of infection
4. To maintain good body mechanics and prevent and correct deformities
5. To facilitate the maintenance of a supply of oxygen to all body cells
6. To facilitate the maintenance of nutrition of all body cells
7. To facilitate the maintenance of elimination
8. To facilitate the maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance
9. To recognize the physiological responses of the body to disease conditions – pathological, physiological, and compensatory
10. To facilitate the maintenance of regulatory mechanisms and functions
11. To facilitate the maintenance of sensory functions
12. To identify and accept positive and negative expressions, feelings and reactions
13. To identify and accept the interrelatedness of emotions and organic illness
14. To facilitate the maintenance of effective verbal and non-verbal communication
15. To promote the development of productive interpersonal relationships
16. To facilitate progress toward achievement of personal spiritual goals
17. To create and/or maintain a therapeutic environment
18. To facilitate awareness of self as an individual with varying physical, emotional, and developmental needs
19. To accept the optimum possible goals in the light of limitations, physical and emotional
20. To use community resources as an aid in resolving problems arising from illness
21. To understand the role of social problems as influencing factors in the cause of illness
61
What kind of approach is Abdellah’s Theory?
patient-centered approach
62
What theory is used in Abdellah’s Nursing Theory
14 basic needs of Henderson
63
"Nursing is based on an art and science that mould the attitudes, intellectual competencies, and technical skills of the individual nurse into the desire and ability to help people, sick or well, cope with their health needs."
Abdellah
64
facilitate the maintenance of a supply of oxygen to all body cells; facilitate the maintenance of nutrition of all body cells; facilitate the
maintenance of elimination; facilitate the maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance; recognize the physiological responses of the body to disease conditions; facilitate the maintenance of regulatory mechanisms and functions; and facilitate the maintenance of sensory function.
Sustenal care needs
65
identify and accept positive and negative expressions,
feelings, and reactions; identify and accept the interrelatedness of emotions and organic illness; facilitate the maintenance of effective verbal and non- verbal communication; promote the development of productive interpersonal relationships; facilitate progress toward achievement of personal spiritual goals; create and maintain a therapeutic environment; and facilitate awareness of the self as an individual with varying physical, emotional, and developmental needs.
Remedial Care Need
66
include the acceptance of the optimum possible goals in light of limitations, both physical and emotional; the use of community
resources as an aid to resolving problems that arise from illness; and the understanding of the role of social problems as influential factors in the case of illness.
Restorative Care Needs
67
Patient is described as the only justification for the existence of nursing.
Abdellah
68
An interpersonal process of therapeutic interactions between an individual who is sick or in need of health services and a nurse specially educated to recognize, respond to the need for help.
Interpersonal Relations Theory
69
This theory helps nurses and healthcare providers develop more therapeutic interventions in the clinical setting.
Interpersonal Relations Theory
70
What is the theory of Virginia Henderson?
Nursing Need Theory
71
“The nurse is expected to carry out a physician’s therapeutic plan, but individualized care is the result of the nurse’s creativity in planning for care.”
Virginia Henderson
72
What is the theory of Faye Glenn Abdellah?
21 Nursing Problems Theory
73
This theory changed the focus of nursing from disease-centered to patient centered and began to include families and elderly in nursing care.
21 Nursing Needs Theory
74
This theory’s nursing model is intended to guide care in hospital institutions but can also be applied to community health nursing as well.
21 Nursing Problems
75
What is the theory of Ernestine Wiedenbach?
The Helping Art of Clinical Nursing
76
Type of nursing where it focuses on meeting the patient’s received need for help in a vision of nursing that indicates considerable importance on the art of nursing.
Clinical Nursing
77
Who’s person definition is this?
any individual who is receiving help of some kind, be it care, instruction or advice from a member of the health professions or from a worker in the field of health.
Ernestine Wiedenbach
78
These are functioning human being. As such she not only acts, but she thinks and feels as well
Nurses
79
What are the four maim element of clinical.
nursing according to wiedenbach
Philosophy
Purpoae
Practice
Art
80
It is what the nurse wants to accomplish through what she does— is the overall goal toward which she is striving, and so is constant.
Purpose
81
type of knowledge
something that may be accepted as existing or as being true.
Factual
82
type of knowledge
encompasses theories, general principles, offered to explain phenomenon, beliefs, or concepts, and the context of such subject areas as the natural sciences, the social sciences, and the humanities.
Speculative
83
type of knowledge
knowing how to apply factual or speculative knowledge to the situation in hand.
Practical
84
What is the theory of Lydia Hall?
Care, Cure, Core theory or Three Cs of Lydia Hall
85
Who’s nursing definition is this?
Nursing as participation in care, core, and cure aspect of patient care
Lydia Hall
86
It is the sole function of nurses
Care
87
[Lydia Hall] these are shared with other members of the health team
Core and Cure
88
What is the theory of Joyce Travelbee?
Human-to-human relationship model
89
What is the purpose of nursing according to Joyce Travelbee?
The purpose of nursing was to help and support an individual, family, or community to prevent or cope with the struggles of illness and suffering and, if necessary, to find significance in these occurrences, with the ultimate goal being the presence of hope.
90
Who’s person definition is this?
a unique irreplaceable individual - a one time being in this world- like yet
unlike any person who has ever lived or ever will live
Joyce travelbee
91
a unique irreplaceable individual - a one time being in this world- like yet
unlike any person who has ever lived or ever will live
person
92
Patients are only individual human beings in need of care, services and assistance of other human beings who can render the assistance that is needed.
Joyce Travelbee
93
an individually defined state of well being in accord with self-appraisal of physical- emotional-spiritual status
Subjective health
94
absence of discernible disease, disability or defect as measured by physical examination, laboratory tests and assessment by spiritual director or psychological counselor
Objective health
95
Who’s nursing definition is this?
an interpersonal process whereby the professional nurse practitioner assists
an individual, family, or community to prevent or cope with the experience of illness and suffering and if necessary to find meaning in these experiences
Joyce Travelbee
96
an interpersonal process whereby the professional nurse practitioner assists
an individual, family, or community to prevent or cope with the experience of illness and suffering and if necessary to find meaning in these experiences
nursing
97
refers to any contact between a nurse and an ill person
nurse-patient interaction
98
ability to use one’s personality consciously and in full awareness in an attempt to establish relatedness and to structure nursing intervention
Therapeutic use of self
99
an experience or series of experiences between nurse and
patient
means thru which the purpose of nursing is accomplished
Human to human relationship
100
What are the Phases of Travelbee’s model?
1. original encounter
2. emerging identities
3. empathy
4. sympathy
5. rapport
101
"actually there are no patients. There are only individual human beings in need of care, services and assistance of other human beings"
Joyce Travelbee
102
"It is probable that the more an individual cares for, and about others, the greater the possibilities of suffering". Hope is future oriented. Without hope, there is no direction for lessening suffering.”
Joyce Travelbee
103
• First impression by the nurse of the sick person and vice-versa.
• Stereotyped or traditional roles
Original Encounter
104
• the time when relationship begins
• the nurse and patient perceive each other’s uniqueness
Emerging Identities
105
• the ability to share in the person’s experience
Empathy
106
• when the nurse wants to lessen the cause of patient’s suffering.
Sympathy
107
described as nursing interventions that lessens the patient’s suffering.
Rapport
108
To assist the individuals in overcoming obstacles that prevent meeting healthcare needs. She advocated that the nurse’s individual philosophy or central purpose lends credence to nursing care. She believed that nurses meet the individual’s need for help through identification of needs, administration of help, and validation that actions were helpful. Components of clinical practice: Philosophy, Purpose, Practice and an Art
Ernestine Wiedenbach
109
What is the theory of Kathryn Bernard?
Child Health Assessment Model
110
This theory concerns in improving the health of INFANTS and their families
Kathryn Barnard’s theory
111
Parent-child interaction
Kathryn Barnard
112
What is the theory of Ida Jean Orlando?
Nursing Process Theory
113
“Patients have their own meanings and interpretations of situations, and therefore nurses must validate their inferences and analyses with patients before drawing conclusions.”
Ida Jean Orlando
114
According to her, persons become patients requiring nursing care when they have needs for help that cannot be met independently because of their physical limitations, negative reactions to an environment, or experience that prevents them from communicating their needs.
Ida Jean Orlando
115
The role of the nurse is to find out and meet the patient’s immediate needs for help.
Nursing Process Theory
116
Allows nurses to formulate an effective nursing care plan that can also be easily adapted when and if any complexity comes up with the patient.
Nursing Process Theory
117
all patient behavior can be a cry for help. Through these, the nurse’s job is to find out the nature of the patient’s distress and provide the help he or she needs.
Ida Jean Orlando
118
Who’s human definition is this ?
she emphasizes individuality and the dynamic nature of the nurse-patient relationship. For her, humans in need are the focus of nursing practice.
Ida Jean Orlando
119
Who’s health definition is this?
health is replaced by a sense of helplessness as the initiator of a necessity for nursing.
Ida Jean Orlando
120
Who’s nursing definition is this?
nursing as unique and independent in its concerns for an individual’s need for help in an immediate situation. The efforts to meet the individual’s need for help are carried out in an interactive situation and in a disciplined manner that requires proper training.
Ida Jean Orlando
121
5 subconcepts of Ida Jean Orlando
Function of Professional Nursing
Presenting Behavior
Immediate Reaction
Nursing Process Discipline
Improvement
122
patient’s problematic situation.
Presenting Behavior
123
internal response.
Immediate Reaction
124
marks the beginning of the nursing process discipline.
Nurse Reaction
125
nursing actions decided upon for reasons other than the patient’s immediate need.
Automatic Nursing Actions
126
actions decided upon after ascertaining a need and then meeting this need
Deliberative Nursing Actions
127
investigation into the patient’s needs.
Nursing Process Discipline
128
5 stages of deliberative nursing process of Ida Jean Orlando
Assessment
Diagnosis
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
129
the nurse completes a holistic assessment of the patient’s needs.
Assessment
130
uses the nurse’s clinical judgment about health problems.
diagnosis
131
addresses each of the problems identified in the diagnosis.
Planning
132
the nurse begins using the nursing care plan.
Implementation
133
the nurse looks at the progress of the patient toward the goals set in the nursing care plan. Changes can be made to the nursing care plan based on how well (or poorly) the patient is progressing toward the goals.
Evaluation
134
What is the theory of Jean Watson?
Transpersonal Caring
135
“a valued person in and of him or herself to be cared for, respected, nurtured, understood and assisted; in general a philosophical view of a person as a fully functional integrated self. He, human is viewed as greater than and different from, the sum of his or her parts”.
human
136
o A high level of overall physical, mental and social functioning
o A general adaptive-maintenance level of daily functioning
o The absence of illness (or the presence of efforts that leads its absence)
Health
137
According to Watson, caring (and nursing) has existed in every society. A caring attitude is not transmitted from generation to generation. It is transmitted by the culture of the profession as a unique way of coping with its environment.
Environment
138
concerned with promoting health, preventing illness, caring for the sick and restoring health”.
• It focuses on health promotion and treatment of disease. She believes that holistic health care is central to the practice of caring in nursing.
• “A human science of persons and human health-illness experiences that are mediated by professional, personal, scientific, esthetic and ethical human transactions”.
Nursing
139
essence of nursing according to Watsons
Caring
140
[Carative Factor]
is learned at an early age. It is a value shared with parents. One's own life experiences are learning opportunities to gain insights about dealing with others.
Formation of humanistic - altruistic value system
141
[Carative]
it can be developed through examination of one's own views, beliefs, interactions with various cultures and personal growth experiences
Humanistic-Altruistic Values
142
[Carative Factor]
There is a need for the nurse to develop and examine one's own feelings. Through this process, increased sensitivity to others is developed. The nurse becomes honest and promotes self-growth and self-actualization.
CULTIVATION OF SENSITIVITY TO SELF AND OTHERS.
143
[Carative]
This factor gives notice to the limitations nurses have in assessing the issue of developing a scientific base because most of our time is dedicated to the performance of nursing tasks such as procedures and treatments.
SYSTEMATIC USE OF THE SCIENTIFIC PROBLEM-SOLVING METHOD FOR DECISION MAKING
144
[Carative]
Through this factor, persons (clients) gain control over their own health because it provides them with both information and alternatives
PROMOTION OF INTERPERSONAL TEACHING-LEARNING
145
[Carative]
This factor helps the nurse to reconcile and mediate the incongruity of viewing the person holistically while at the same time attending to the hierarchical ordering of needs. Thus the nurse assists the person to find the strength or courage to confront life or death.
ALLOWANCE FOR EXISTENTIAL-PHENOMENOLOGICAL-SPIRITUAL FORCES
146
special kind of human relationship that depends on :
o Nurse’s commitment on protecting and enhancing human dignity and a deeper/higher self
o Nurse’s caring consciousness to preserve and honor the embodied spirit, thereby not reducing the patient to a moral status of an object
Transpersonal Caring Relationships
147
the moment when the nurse and another person come together in such a way that an occasion for human caring is created
Caring Occasion/Moment
148
this theory focuses on health promotion and treatment of diseases
Transpersonal caring
149
this theory concerns with how nurses care for their patients and how that caring progresses into better plans.
Transpersonal Caring
150
Latin word which means “to cherish, to appreciate, to give special attention, if not loving attention.
caritas
151
What is the theory of Patric Bremmer
Novice to Expert
152
This theory asserts that expert nurses develop
their knowledge of patient care and extensive skill set by obtaining
experiences collected over a course of time as well as having an education
background
Novice to Expert Theory
153
5 stages or level of clinical competency
Novice
Advanced Beginner
Competent
Proficient
Expert
154
• Beginner with no experience
• Taught general rules to help perform tasks
• Rules are: context-free, independent of specific cases, and applied
universally
• Rule-governed behavior is limited and inflexible
• Ex. “Tell me what I need to do and I’ll do it.”
Novice
155
• Demonstrates acceptable performance
• Has gained prior experience in actual situations to recognize
recurring meaningful components
• Principles, based on experiences, begin to be formulated to guide
actions
Advanced Beginner
156
• Typically a nurse with 2-3 year’s experience on the job in the same area or in similar day-to-day situations
• More aware of long-term goals
• Gains perspective from planning own actions based on conscious,
abstract, and analytical thinking and helps to achieve greater efficiency and organization
Competent
157
• Perceives and understands situations as whole parts
• More holistic understanding improves decision-making
• Learns from experiences what to expect in certain situations and
how to modify plans
PROFICIENT
158
• No longer relies on principles, rules, or guidelines to connect situations and determine actions
• Much more background of experience
• Has intuitive grasp of clinical situations
• Performance is now fluid, flexible, and highly-proficient
EXPERT
159
Describe as caring relationship and condition and connection. Caring is primary because caring self is set possibility of giving help and receiving help.
Nursing
160
Describe as self- interpreting being and effortless nonreflective understanding of the self in the world
Person
161
Define as what is assessed, whereas well-being is the human experience of health or wholeness. Well-being and being ill are understood as distinct ways of being in the world.
Health
162
What is the Theory of Myra Estrin Levine?
Conservation Model
163
What is the essence of nursing according to Levine?
Human interaction
164
this theory focuses in promoting adaptation and maintaining wholeness using the principles of conservation.
Conservation Model
165
• the process of change
• a life process by which, overtime, people maintain their wholeness or integrity as they respond to environmental challenges
• the consequence of interaction between the person and the environment
• achieved through the “frugal, economic, contained, and controlled use of environmental resources by the individual in his or her best interest”
Adaptation
166
sound, organic, progressive mutuality between diversified functions and parts within an entirety, the boundaries of which are open and fluent
Wholeness
167
• the product of adaptation
• describes how complex systems continue to function in the face of severe challenges
• Through conservation, individuals are able to confront obstacles, adapt accordingly, and maintain their uniqueness.
• The primary focus of conservation is keeping together of the wholeness of the individual.
Conservation
168
4 Principles of Conservation
Principle of conservation of energy
Principle of conservation of structural integrity
Principle of conservation of personal integrity
Principle of conservation of social integrity
169
- balancing the patient's energy output and energy input to avoid excessive fatigue (rest, nutrition, exercise)
Principle of conservation of energy
170
- focusing attention on healing by maintaining or restoring the structure of the body through prevention of physical breakdown (promoting healing)
Principle of conservation of structural integrity
171
- maintaining or restoring the individual patient's sense of identity, self-worth (recognition of unique qualities)
Principle of conservation of personal integrity
172
- acknowledging patients as social beings (especially with significant others)
Principle of conservation of social integrity
173
[Levine]
• a holistic being who constantly strives to preserve wholeness and integrity
• continually adapting in their interactions with their environment
• has a sense of identity and self worth
Human Being
174
[Levine]
• completes the wholeness of the individual.
• The individual has both an internal and external environment.
Environment
175
- combines the physiological and pathophysiological aspects of the individual and is constantly challenged by the external environment
internal environment
176
- divided into the perceptual, operational, and conceptual environments
external environment
177
• consist of information that is recorded by the sensory organs
• encompasses that part of the environment to which individuals respond with their sense organs
• includes light, sound, touch, temperature, chemical change that is smelled or tasted, and position sense and balance
Perceptual Environment
178
• consist of those undetected natural forces that impinge on the individual
• that portion of the external environment which interacts with living tissue even though the individual does not possess sensory organs that can record the presence of these factors
• includes those aspects of the environment that are not directly perceived, such as radiation, odorless and colorless pollutants, and microorganisms
Operational Environment
179
• the environment of language, ideas, symbols, concepts, and invention
• encompasses the exchange of language, the ability to think and experience emotion, value systems, religious beliefs, ethnic and cultural traditions, and individual psychological patterns that come from life experiences
Conceptual environment
180
Levine
• the goal of conservation
• the ability to function in a reasonably normal manner
• “a wholeness and successful adaptation”
Health
181
Levine
• involves engaging in “human interactions” - “The nurse enters into a partnership of human experience where sharing moments in time—some trivial, some dramatic—leaves its mark forever on each patient”
• The goal of nursing is to promote adaptation and maintain wholeness (health).
• The goal of nursing is accomplished through the use of the conservation principles: energy, structure, personal, and social integrity.
Nursing
182
oneness of the individual, emphasizing that they respond in an integrated, singular fashion to
environmental
challenges
Integrity
183
What is the theory of Martha Rogers?
Science of Unitary Human Beings
184
the fundamental unit of both the living and nonliving
energy field
185
"provide a way to perceive people and environment as irreducible wholes"
Energy field
