midterms Flashcards
(32 cards)
definition: unit 1
Define social contract.
- a political theory (or belief) that Government should represent the interests of the general public, protect its citizens, and uphold a positive relationship (looks out for common good)
- political philosophers believed that it could be used to justify the formation of a representative govt
- was used in the Declaration of Independence
definition: unit 1
What is the U.S. Constitution?
- a document that provides the organization and framework for the U.S. govt
- nothing can be removed from it but Amendments can be added
definition
What is the 18th Amendment?
- legalized prohibition
definition: unit 1
What is the Three-Fifths Compromise?
- in Article I, Section 2
- To determine the number of representatives in the House of Representatives (which is based on population) and federal taxexs, 3 out of 5 enslaved people were counted as “people” in the state’s population count
- rendered null by the 14th Amendment
definition: unit 1
What is the 13th Amendment?
banned slavery unless it was punishment for a crime
definition: unit 1
What is the 19th Amendment?
- gave women the right to vote
definition: unit 1
Electoral College
- 538 electors, based on representation in Congress
- candidate with at least 270 votes wins
definition: unit 1
Seneca Falls Declaration
1848, Seneca Falls, NY
* leaders of the new women’s rights movement gathered for the first feminist convention
* approximately 300 reformers (including 40 men)
* program included the Declaration of Sentiments, which called for full female suffrage
* called together by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott
* used lines from the Declaration of Independence, such as “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men (and women) are created equal” to provide a new interpretation of the Declaration of Independence
* in their grievances, the “he” was sexist men
* used language from Declaration of Independence to emphasize what it stood for and therefore to emphasize the need for reform, feminism, suffrage
* wrote it not necessarily to acheive all of their goals but to convince people that feminism is a worthy cause
definition: unit 1
Declaration of Independence
- one line of slavery was removed
- Patriots tried to negotiate w/Loyalists bfore turning to violence
- “He” is basically the British Empire and is referred to in a loooooong list of grievances
- was likely written to be a performane
definition: unit 2
Gilded Age
time period from late 1860s-early 1900s characterized by stuff such as
* robber barons
* monopolies
* political corruption
* the wealth gap
* urbanization
* gap in working conditions
* gap in living conditions
* laissez-faire capitalism
* social Darwinism
* population growth
* lots of people wanting change
basically industrialism transformed the nation from agriculture focused to industrial profit focused
definition: unit 2
muckrakers
investigative reporters and writers during the Progressive Era who wrote about corruption and injustices in order to bring about changes in society
definition: unit 2
“Bosses of the Senate”
- a political cartoon examining how robber barons and monopolists used Senators as puppets for their own personal goals
- this cartoon does this by depicting the robber barons as huge money bags surrounding the Senators and blocking off the exits, watching this all happen, knowing they can fix it but not doing so
- illustrates laissez-faire capitalism, wealth gaps, political corruption
- the Senators need $$$ to campaign
- bills can’t get any traction when robber barons have Senators on puppet strings
- workers are intimidated by robber barons
definition: unit 2
Social Darwinism
- basically “if you were born poor and can’t get out of poverty, you were meant to die off”
- this was used to justify the abuses and injustices happening during the Gilded Age
Open Response: Unit 2
How were movements during the Progressive Era interconnected?
what were some of the main points
- Female suffrage, prohibition, anti-trust laws, political reform, labor and union protection laws, fire safety, civil rights for African Americans, child labor laws, public education reform, food and product safety regulations were all connected
- however, out of all of these, especially temperance and suffrage were interconnected
- one of the main points of the suffrage-temperance movement(s) was “men are wasting their paycheck on saloons and alcohol instead of spending it on the family
- like money that’s spent on a drink could’ve been spent to give this poor kid food
- the women and the children are suffering sososo much like omg and it’s all because of the man drinking!!!!!!
- stuff like murders and crime is because of drinking
- at the end of the day, who gets your vote? the poor mother or the alcoholic father? voting for the woman will help keep her kid pure from alcohol
- is it not enough that the men die from war? now they have to die from alcohol too?
- will the mother and kids have to be sacrificed?
Open Response: Unit 2
What events and issues influenced Progressive Era reformers to so passionately demand change in American society and government?
- Triangle Shirtwaist Fire. If you have nothing else, put this down
- it got to the hearts and minds of many many Americans because they felt this great responsibility for these womens’ deaths
- the Jungle also
- like it brought about some laws that brought about change
open response: unit 2
Why were the Temperance and Suffrage Movements successful?
- they shifted the hearts and the minds of the public by talking about families
- they brought people together. they brought organizations like the KKK and the NAACP to get behind the SAME THING.
- there was also other stuff, like protest, petition, strike, press, boycott, lobbying, civil disobedience, collective bargaining, contracts, and taking legal action
definition: unit 2
union
an organization of workers formed for the purpose of advancing its members’ interests in respect to wages, benefits, and working conditions
definition: unit 2 (and 3 somewhat)
Eugene Debs
socialist who stood for/held the beliefs that:
* abolition of capitalism
* US is built to cater to capitalism
* US democracy is a myth
* working class is suppressed
later arrested in 1918 under the Sedition Act and found guilty
released 3 years later
definition: unit 2
Booker T. Washington
- one of the founders of the Tuskegee Institute (Alabama)
- born into slavery, spent entire life in the South
- believed that vocational training was the best way for Black Americans to advance in society
- criticized by W.E. B. Du Bois and Ida B. Wells as being an accommodationist
- supported usage of literacy tests and restrictions on voting rights
definition: unit 2
Triangle Fire
- Saturday, March 25, 1911
- NYC
- 146^ workers died
- was the driving force for a lot of change during the 1910s in regard to workers’ rights and building regulations
definition: unit 2
Triangle Shirtwaist Company
- the company that the Triangle Fire happened to
- their workers had advocated for better rights and wages before the fire
definition: unit 2
The Jungle
- published in 1906 by Upton Sinclair in serial form
- Sinclair wrote it intending to convert readers to socialism
- instead, it lowkey disgusted a lot of readers and did bring about change but did not convert readers to socialism
definition: unit 2
nativism
anti-immigrant xenophobia and sentiment that upheld the notion that “natural-born” citizens were superior and less dangerous than immigrants
Open Response: Unit 3
Why did the United States join WWI and how did the war impact American society and its relationship with neighboring countries?
EXTREMELY HESITANT ENTRY INTO WWI
* so Germany sent Mexico the Zimmerman Telegram in which Germany was like “soooo what if you invaded the U.S. from your northern border so you can yk get back your lost territories”
* its purpose was to distract US from the unrestricted submarine warfare being done by Germany
* also to fester tension with Mexican immigrants since Mexico now poses a security threat to US
* as for American society, many free speech rights were restricted, under the Sedition Act (Made it a federal offense to use “disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language” about the Constitution, the government, the American uniform, or the flag) and the Espionage Act (The act essentially made it illegal to speak out and/or write national defense information that could be detrimental to the U.S. war effort, armed services, or recruitment programs )