MIDTERMS Flashcards by Vee apatan

This Law transformed the Philippine Disaster Management System from disaster relief and response to risk reduction.

R.A. 10121

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It is one of the most immediate effects of natural disasters.

Displaced population

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effects of a disaster

Environmental effect
Psychological effect
Economic effect
Physical effect

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This is an unexpected consequence to life, livelihood, and economic activity distribution resulting from interactions between human-induced hazards and vulnerable conditions.

Disaster

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This is an earthquake zone where about 99% of the world’s earthquakes occur.

Pacific Ring of Fire

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It is the condition that is determined by physical, social, economic, and environmental factors that increase the susceptibility of a community to the impacts of hazards.

Vulnerability

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It is defined as the source of danger and something that may cause injury or harm?

Hazard

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a very salient component of emergency planning that should not be left out

Emergency planning

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Disasters can be described as:

Sudden and inevitable

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It is a combination of all strengths and resources present within a community?

Capacity

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Which group belongs to the most vulnerable?

Women, children, elderly

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It is the key element of prevention for the community to be prepared.

Preparation

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It refers to the element at risk from a natural or man-made hazard event.

Exposure

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It is defined as the characteristics and circumstances of a community, system, or asset that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of hazards.

Vulnerability

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The severity of drought depend on the duration, and the size of the affected areas.

chru

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A serious disruption of the functioning of a
community or a society causing widespread human,
material, economic or environmental losses which
exceeds the ability of the affected community or
society to cope using its own resources (ISDR

Disaster

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he specific value of damage a community is willing to assume is called

acceptable/tolerable risk

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The expected
consequences to life,
livelihood, economic
activity distribution
resulting from
interactions between
human-induced hazards
and vulnerable
conditions

Risk

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– The
condition that
determined by physical,
social, economic and
environmental factors or
processes, which increase
the susceptibility of a
community to the impact
of hazards. (ISDR

Vulnerability

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Types of Vulnerabilities

Physical and environmental vulnerability
Social vulnerability
Economic vulnerability

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a process, phenomenon or human activity that
may cause loss of life, injury, or other health impacts.

Exposure

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Formula for disaster

DISASTER (RISK)
= HAZARD+EXPOSURE+VULNERABILITY
CAPACITY

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degree to which an element is at risk.

Exposure

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characteristics and circumstances of a
community

Vulnerability

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combination of all strengths and resources present within a community

Capacity

– People’s response to disaster

Perceived Risk

– Extent to which a disaster risk is deemed acceptable or tolerable.

Acceptable/tolerable risk

Those that are emergent, and not necessarily obvious until the disaster occurs

Systematic risk

It remains even when there is an effective disaster reduction in place

residual risk

R.A. 10121

DRRM act

risk according to ra 10121

factor associated with danger that may lead to accidents or adverse events Possible loss of life, injury, or damage to assets within a society, or community during a specific timeframe. Significant disruption to the functioning of a community or society.

most vulnerable population

poor, women, elderly

correlation of poverty and vulnerability

lesser access to better homes, public facilities, and livelihood opportunities,

Disaster as a social phenomenon

Harmful practices worsen vulnerability to disasters * Population growth and shortage of land have further pushed low-income families to worse living conditions, which make them vulnerable * The poor, elderly, people with disabilities or special needs, indigenous people, women, children, and marginalized by the exploitation of natural resource Usually end up as victims of disasters as they are the most vulnerable groups * The aftermath of the disaster paves the way for disaster prevention efforts

how was the philippines formed?

e the result of the collision of the Pacific Plate in the east and the Eurasia Plate. The crust crumbled and the archipelago was formed.

are cracks on the earth’s surface along which smaller plates move or slip against each other

fault lines

epicenter

point above the focus

source/beginning of an earthquake

focus

fault that has moved within 10,000 years

Active fault line

measure of the total energy released at the earthquake’s point of origin which is below the earth’s surface.

magnitude

perceived strength of an earthquake based on relative effect to people and structures.

intensity

Is caused by the passage of seismic waves beneath structures. The P-waves or primary waves can cause the surface to roll up and down. The more destructive is the S-waves that makes everything rotate as in spinning wheel. This movement causes trees and building to sway violently from side to side.

ground shaking

– Is the displacement of the ground due to violent shaking of the surface.

ground rupture

occurs when one side of the ground goes up or down or both sides move with one side going up and the other going down.

vertical displacement

It happens when there is a lateral movement from side to side, one side goes to the left or right, or both move sideways in different direction

horizontal displacement

It takes place when there is an increase water pressure in saturated soils because of ground shaking. Sand deposits become more compact, and water is squeezed towards the surface which creates a quicksand like condition

liquefaction

or the lowering of the land surface for many reasons, such as the extraction of ground water and natural gas, mining, and earthquakes. The loose deposits of soil can be compacted by the ground shaking, causing the ground to subside.

ground subsidence

is a series of large waves resulting from the disturbance of sea water commonly due to an earthquake. The height of the waves could reach as 5 meters or high

tsunami

mountains with openings in Earth's crust through which magma, gases, and ash reach the Earth's surface.

volcanoes

process wherein volcanic material such as molten or hot fragmented rocks or gaseous materials are ejected from a volcano.

volcanic eruption

classification of volcanoes

active, potentially active (dormant), or inactive (extinct).

Is one which has erupted within historical times (within the last 600 years)

active volcano

– Is one which has erupted and then follows a long period of inactivity. (e.g. Mt. Pinatubo was dormant for about 600 years until it erupted in 1991.

potentially active volcano

– Is one that has not shown any sign of activity for a long period of time. No record of volcanic eruptions. (e.g. Mt. Cabalian in Leyte

inactive volcano

LIST OF ACTIVE VOLCANOES

* Banahaw * Bulusan * Hibok-hibok * Kanlaon * Mayon * Pinatubo * Taal * Iriga * Isarog * Bud Dajo * Iraya * Matutum

Is a mass of magma that flows down the slope of the volcano at a rate of 3 kilometers per day or 45 kph

laava flow

It refers to the hot dry masses of fragmented volcanic materials that move along the slope.

pyroclastic flow

Are showers of fine to coarse – grained volcanic materials and other airborne products of the eruption. (e.g. Ash falls reached as far as Vietnam when Mt. Pinatubo erupted

tephra falls

These are rocks that are released into the air by an erupting volcano.

ballistic projectiles

– Is one of the basic components of magma or lava. (e.g. Hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, etc

volcanic gas

PRECURSORS OF AN IMPENDING ERUPTION

* Increase in the frequency of volcanic quakes with rumbling sounds. * Increased steaming activity * Crater glow due to presence of magma * Noticeable increase in the extent of drying up of vegetation * Increase in the temperature of hot springs, wells. * Drying up of springs/wells

potentially damaging physical event, phenomenon, or human activity that may cause the loss of life or injury, property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation.

hazrd

s the mass movement of rock, soil, and debris down a slope due to gravity. It occurs when the driving force is greater than the resisting force. _ materials may include: * Soil * Debris * Rock * Garbage

lanslide`

TYPES OF LANDSLIDES

creep rockfall mudflow

origins of natural hazards

natural * Geological * Hydro meteorological * Biological induced by human processes * Environmental degradation * Technological

categories of naturalhazrds

hydro-metreological geological biological

Natural processes or phenomena of an atmospheric, hydrological, or oceanographic nature. (e.g. Hurricanes, Floods, Storm surges)

hydro mereological hazard

Natural earth processes or phenomena that include internal earth processes of tectonic origin as well as the external mass movements. (Earthquakes, Volcanoes)

geological hazard

rocesses of organic origin or those conveyed by biological vectors including exposure to pathogenic microorganisms, toxins, and bioactive substances.

biological hazards * Bird flu (avian influenza A (H5N1) virus * Severe acute respiratory syndrome or (Corona Virus) * Mad Cow Disease * Covid 19

Hydro-meteorological Hazards

tropical wave tropical depression hurricane storm surge torrential rain drought

hazards is characterized by:

location, intensity, frequency, and probability

A lowpressure system forming in tropical latitudes as a trade wind easterly with wind speeds of up to 36 kph

Tropical wave

geological hazards

earthquake volcano tsunami landslide

consists of unusual volumes of water flowing onto shorelines.

storm surge

– A low-pressure system forming in tropical latitudes with wind speeds of 62 kph (38mph

tropical depression

A rotating, intense low-pressure system, which form over tropical oceans where there are warm waters, humid air and converging wind

hurricane

– Any rain that pours down fast, violently, or heavily

torrential rain

A vent or chimney to the earth’s surface from a reservoir of molten rock, called magma, deep in the crust of the earth.( It may produce pyroclastic flows which are mixtures of hot gas, ash, and other volcanic rocks

volcano

The sudden slip on a fault and the resulting ground shaking and radiated seismic energy caused by the slip, or by volcanic or magmatic activity, or the sudden stress changes in the earth. (USGS)

earthquake

A period of abnormally dry weather that persists long enough to produce a serious hydrologic imbalance ( crop damage, water shortage). The severity of the drought depends upon the degree of moisture deficiency, the duration, and the size of the affected area. (Source: NOAA

drought

A sea wave of local or distant origin that results from large-scale seafloor displacements associated with large earthquakes, major submarine slides, or exploding volcanic islands. (USGS)

tsunami

The movement of surface material down a slope. (USGS) Is a general term covering a wide variety of landforms and processes involving the movement of earth, rock or debris down slope under the influence of gravity

landslide

MIDTERMS Flashcards

Midterms Review (83 cards)