MIDTERMS

Question 1

BRINGS OXYGEN AND NUTRIENTS TO ALL THE PARTS OF THE BODY SO THEY CAN
KEEP WORKING

Answer 1

BLOOD

Question 2

CARRIES CARBON DIOXIDE AND OTHER WASTE MATERIALS TO
THE LUNGS, KIDNEYS, AND DIGESTIVE SYSTEM TO BE REMOVED FROM THE BODY

Answer 2

BLOOD

Question 3

ALSO FIGHTS INFECTIONS, AND CARRIES HORMONES AROUND THE BODY

Answer 3

ALSO FIGHTS INFECTIONS, AND CARRIES HORMONES AROUND THE BODY

Question 4

COMPONENTS OF THE BLOOD

Answer 4

PLASMA (55%)
WBC (LESS THAN 1%) BUFFY COAT
RBC (40-45%)
PLATELETS (LESS THAN 1%) BUFFY COAT`

Question 5

THE LIQUID COMPONENT OF BLOOD, CAN BE ISOLATED BY SPINNING A
TUBE OF WHOLE BLOOD AT HIGH SPEEDS IN A CENTRIFUGE

Answer 5

plasma

Question 6

IS ABOUT 90% WATER, WITH THE REMAINING 10%MADE UP OF IONS, PROTEINS, NUTRIENTS, WASTES, AND DISSOLVED GASES. THE IONS, PROTEINS, AND OTHER MOLECULES FOUND IN _ ARE IMPORTANT FOR MAINTAINING BLOOD PH AND OSMOTIC BALANCE, WITH ALBUMIN (THE MAIN PROTEIN IN HUMAN PLASMA) PLAYING A PARTICULARLY IMPORTANT ROLE.

Answer 6

plasma

Question 7

ARE MUCH LESS COMMON THAN RED BLOOD CELLS AND MAKE UP LESS THAN
1% OF THE CELLS IN BLOOD.

THEIR ROLE IS ALSO VERY DIFFERENT FROMTHAT OF RED BLOOD CELLS: THEY
ARE PRIMARILY INVOLVED IN IMMUNE RESPONSES, RECOGNIZING AND NEUTRALIZING INVADERS SUCH
AS BACTERIA AND VIRUSES

Answer 7

wbc (leukocytes)
`

Question 8

ARE LARGER THAN RED BLOOD CELLS

Answer 8

wbc

Question 9

two groups of wbc

Answer 9

granulocytes (NEUTROPHILS, EOSINOPHILS, AND BASOPHILS)

agranulocytes ( MONOCYTES AND LYMPHOCYTES)

Question 10

DIFFERENT TYPES OF WHITE BLOOD CELLS
HAVE DIFFERENT LIFETIMES, RANGING FROM HOURS TO YEARS, AND NEW CELLS ARE PRODUCED PRIMARILY IN THE
BONE MARROW

(ALTHOUGH SOME ARE MADE OR MATURE IN THE THYMUS, LYMPH NODES, AND SPLEEN)

Answer 10

wbc

Question 11

ARE CELL FRAGMENTS INVOLVEDIN BLOOD CLOTTING

Answer 11

platelets

Question 12

how many platelets can one megakaryocyte make?

Answer 12

2000-3000, 2-4 micrometers in diameter

Question 13

THEY
ARE PRODUCED WHEN LARGE CELLS CALLED MEGAKARYOCYTES BREAK INTO PIECES, EACH ONE MAKING
2000-3000 PLATELETS AS IT COMES APART. THEY ARE ROUGHLY DISC SHAPE AND SMALL, ABOUT 2-4
MICROMETERSIN DIAMETER

Answer 13

platelets

Question 14

ARE ATTRACTED TO THE WOUND SITE, WHERE THEY FORM A STICKY PLUG.

Answer 14

platelets

Question 15

A WATER-SOLUBLE PROTEIN PRESENT IN BLOOD PLASMA ACTIVATED BY SIGNALLING CASCADE BY PLATELETS IN RESPONSE TO DAMAGED BLOOD VESSEL

Answer 15

FIBRINOGEN

Question 16

A NON-WATER
SOLUBLE PROTEIN. FORMS THREADS THAT REINFORCE THE PLATELET PLUG, MAKING A CLOT THAT PREVENTS FURTHER LOSS OF BLOOD

Answer 16

FIBRIN

Question 17

ARE SPECIALIZED CELLS THAT CIRCULATE THROUGH THE BODY
AND DELIVER OXYGEN TO TISSUES

Answer 17

RBC

Question 18

SIZE OF RBC

Answer 18

SMALL AND BICONCAVE
(THINNEST IN THE CENTER, JUST 7-8 MICROMETERIN SIZE

Question 19

INCREASE THE SURFACE AREA-TO-VOLUME RATIO, IMPROVING GAS EXCHANGE,

Answer 19

SMALL SIZE AND BICONCAVE SHAPE

Question 20

MAKES ADDITIONAL SPACE FOR HEMOGLOBIN

Answer 20

LACK OF A NUCLEUS

Question 21

KEEPS RED BLOOD CELLS FROM USINGANY OF THE OXYGEN THEY’RE
CARRYING, MAXIMIZING THE AMOUNT DELIVERED TO TISSUES OF THE BODY.

Answer 21

. LACK OF MITOCHONDRIA

Question 22

lifespan of rbc

Answer 22

120 days

Question 23

where are do broken/damaged rbc go

where are rbc made?

Answer 23

liver&spleen

bone marrow

Question 24

controls rbc production, RELEASED BY
THE KIDNEYS IN RESPONSE TO LOW OXYGEN LEVELS. (NEGATIVE FEEDBACK LOOP)

Answer 24

ERYTHROPOIETIN

Question 25

S THE FLUID AND SOLVENT COMPONENT OF BLOOD WHICH DOES NOT PLAY A ROLE IN CLOTTING. BLOOD PLASMA WITHOUT THE CLOTTING FACTORS, OR AS BLOOD WITH ALL CELLS AND CLOTTING FACTORS REMOVED. CONTAINS ALL PROTEINS EXCEPT CLOTTING FACTORS (INVOLVED IN BLOOD CLOTTING), INCLUDING ALL ELECTROLYTES, ANTIBODIES, ANTIGENS, HORMONES; AND ANY EXOGENOUS SUBSTANCES (E.G., DRUGS, MICROORGANISMS). DOES NOT CONTAIN ALL THE FORMED ELEMENTS OF BLOOD, WHICH INCLUDE BLOOD CELLS (WHITE BLOODCELLS (LEUKOCYTES), RED BLOOD CELLS (ERYTHROCYTES), LYMPHOCYTES) AND PLATELETS

Answer 25

serum

Question 26

TO OBTAIN _, A BLOOD SAMPLE IS ALLOWED TO CLOT (COAGULATION). THE SAMPLE IS THEN CENTRIFUGED TO REMOVE THE CLOT AND BLOOD CELLS, AND THE RESULTING LIQUID SUPERNATANT IS _

Answer 26

serum

Question 27

collecting blood from individuals who have difficult veins, phlebotomist to control the speed at which the blood is taken by adjusting the plunger.

Answer 27

syringe

Question 28

This can help to reduce the risk of a blown vein, as syringes don’t create a pressure system as evacuated tubes do. This can lead to a more successful and comfortable phlebotomy experience

Answer 28

syringe

Question 29

An evacuated tube system is a preferred method for collecting blood from individuals with healthy and stable veins; however, this system may not be suitable for those with challenging veins

Answer 29

EVACUATED TUBE SYSTEM

Question 30

names of butetrfly

Answer 30

Butterfly needles winged steel needles scalp vein set winged infusion set

Question 31

s are open systems of blood collection. Aside from drawing blood from the patient, they’re also useful for delivering most types of laboratory medicine or other liquids to the vein through an intravenous catheter.

Answer 31

butterfly needle

Question 32

Equipment and supplies

Answer 32

▪ Blood drawing system to use (syringe, vacuum tube, or butterfly needle set) ▪ Tube/s ▪ Tourniquet ▪ Gloves ▪ Alcohol ▪ Cotton ▪ Micropore Or surgical tape ▪ Pen/ pentel pen ▪ Sharps container

Question 33

clotted blood/serum gray/red or clear

Answer 33

no additive (discard tube)

Question 34

clotted blood/serum yellow/red

Answer 34

polymer barrier

Question 34

clotted blood/serum gold

Answer 34

clot activator and polymer barrier

Question 34

clotted blood/serum red

Answer 34

none or clot activator in plastic tube

Question 35

clotted blood/serum orange/yellow/grey

Answer 35

thrombin (rapid serum tube)

Question 36

clotted blood/serum royal blue

Answer 36

clot activator; sterile tube for trace elements, toxicology, and nutritional studies

Question 36

clotted blood/serum red/ black

Answer 36

clot activator and polymer barrier

Question 36

whole blood/plasma green/gray/lightgreen

Answer 36

polymer barrierand lithuim heparin

Question 36

whole blood/plasma light blue

Answer 36

buffed sodium citrate

Question 36

whole blood/plasma gray

Answer 36

sodium fluoride and potassium oxalate sodium fluoride and Na2EDTA sodium fluoride

Question 36

whole blood/plasma green

Answer 36

lithium heparin sodium heparin ammonium heparin

Question 37

whole blood/plasma lavender/purple

Answer 37

K3EDTA/ K2EDTA/ NA2EDTA

Question 37

whole blood/plasma royal blue

Answer 37

K2EDTA-streile tube for toxicology and nutritional studies

Question 37

whole blood black

Answer 37

sodium citrate for hematology

Question 37

whole blood/plasma pink

Answer 37

blood bank K2EDTA

Question 37

Is a collection of veins located within the arm’s inner area, opposite of the elbow, where the arm folds in. In this elbow pit, phlebotomists have easy access to the top three vein sites used in phlebotomy

Answer 37

Antecubital Fossa

Question 38

whole blood/plasma tan

Answer 38

K2EDTA Tube for lead testing

Question 38

whole blood yellow

Answer 38

sodium polyanethanol sulfonate (SPS) acid citrate dextrose (ACD)

Question 38

Is used the most for its accessibility. It is large and near the skin’s surface, making it easier for phlebotomists to see before anchoring the vein. The median cubital creates less bruising and pain than other draw sites

Answer 38

median cubital vein

Question 38

ideal sites for venipuncture

Answer 38

Antecubital Fossa Median cubital vein Cephalic vein Basilic vein

Question 39

is a safe secondary option if the median cubital vein is not working. This vein can be found along the upper arm to the thumb, but it is commonly drawn from the forearm or antecubital fossa area

Answer 39

cephalic vein

Question 39

Serves as a last resort for blood draws. It is not as close to the skin surface as the median cubital and cephalic veins, which poses a greater risk of damage to the median nerve and brachial artery.

Answer 39

basilic vein

Question 40

areas to avoid

Answer 40

feet and legs (adults) infection scarring burns same arm of mastectomy

Question 41

Steps in venipuncture using syringe

Answer 41

▪ Explain the procedure and verify why you are drawing blood ▪ Identify the patient ▪ Confirm the tests required and that you have the necessary vacuum tubes for collection ▪ Ensure the vacuum tubes are labeled with the patient’s information ▪ Wash your hands and put on your sterile gloves ▪ Place the patient’s arm on the arm board (if available) and extend the arm fully ▪ Apply the tourniquet 3 to 4 inches above the access site ▪ Have the patient form a fist and look for a good vein ▪ Select a vein, release the tourniquet, and ask the patient to relax their fist ▪ Cleanse the site thoroughly with the alcohol swab ▪ Cleanse the site thoroughly with the alcohol swab Cont. Of steps ▪ Reapply the tourniquet and have the patient again make a fist ▪ Uncap the needle ▪ Grasp the patient’s lower arm to draw the skin taut and anchor the vein from rolling. ▪ Insert the needle ▪ If correctly inserted, blood should flow into the vacuum tube. If this is not happening, the needle either missed or passed through the vein. ▪ As the blood flows into the tube, have the patient release their fist. ▪ After you collect the requisite number of tubes, you can release the tourniquet ▪ Place the gauze pad over the needle and remove it. Apply slight pressure to the sight and cover it with a bandage. ▪ Place the labels on the collected blood ▪ Discard the collection unit, placing the needle in the container ▪ Send the blood specimens to the lab for testing

Question 42

order of draw 1. Color Varies

Answer 42

blood cultures

Question 43

order of draw light blue

Answer 43

sodium citrate

Question 44

order of draw red

Answer 44

clotactivator

Question 45

order of draw gold

Answer 45

SST

Question 46

order of draw light green

Answer 46

lithium heparin

Question 47

order of draw dark green

Answer 47

sodium heparin

Question 48

order of draw lavender

Answer 48

EDTA

Question 49

order of draw gray

Answer 49

sodium fluoride

Question 50

complications in venipuncture

Answer 50

▪ Bruising and soreness ▪ Infection ▪ Hematoma formation ▪ Nerve injury ▪ Arterial puncture ▪ Fainting or near fainting