Midterms

Question 1

Groups of atoms that give properties to the compounds to which they attach

Answer 1

Functional group

Question 2

large organic molecules that form by polymerization

Answer 2

Macromolecules

Question 3

compound that its formula is (C=O) C double bonded O

Answer 3

Ketone

Question 4

compound that its formula is (O–H) volatile

Answer 4

Alcohol
Flammable
*Volatile–easily evaporates

Question 5

compound that its formula is (O=C–H) O Double bonded to C and single bonded to H

Answer 5

Aldehyde

Question 6

compound that its formula is (O=C–O–H)

Answer 6

Organic acid

Question 7

Functional group that has (–OH or HO–)

Answer 7

Hydroxyl

Question 8

Functional group that has (>CO)

Answer 8

Carbonyl

Question 9

Functional group that has (–COOH)

Answer 9

Carboxyl

Question 10

Functional group that has (NH2 or H2N)

Answer 10

Amino

Question 11

compound that its formula is (O=C–OH)

Answer 11

Carboxyl

Question 12

Compound that its formula is (N<HH)

Answer 12

Amines

Question 13

Large molecules

Answer 13

Polymers

Question 14

Polymers are made by stringing together many smaller molecules called___

Answer 14

monomers

Question 15

4 examples of polymers

Answer 15

Proteins
Lipids
Carbohydrate
Nucleic acid

Question 16

In linking monomers, the process of removing a molecule of water is called___

Answer 16

Condensation or dehydration synthesis

Question 17

This process joins two sugar monomers to make a double sugar

Answer 17

Condensation or dehydration synthesis

Question 18

Cells break down macromolecules by a process (Adding molecules of water) called____

Answer 18

Hydrolysis

Question 19

This process is where water is added to split double sugar

Answer 19

Hydrolysis

Question 20

Small sugar molecules in soft drinks; Long starch molecules in pasta and potatoes

Answer 20

Carbohydrates

Question 21

It is called simple sugars

Answer 21

Monosaccharides

Question 22

Have the same chemical, but different structural formulas (C6H12O6)

Answer 22

Monosaccharides

Question 23

Examples of monosaccharides

Answer 23

Glucose, fructose, and galactose

Question 24

Monosaccharide found in

Answer 24

sports drink

Question 25

Monosaccharide found in fruits

Answer 25

Fructose

Question 26

Honey Contains

Answer 26

Glucose and Fructose

Question 27

Monosaccharide called "Milk sugar"

Answer 27

Galactose

Question 28

Glucose and fructose are ____ because their structures are different, but their chemical formulas are the same

Answer 28

Isomers

Question 29

In aqueous (watery) solutions, monosaccharides form _____ structures

Answer 29

Ring

Question 30

Monosaccharides are the main _____ that cells use for cellular work

Answer 30

Fuel

Question 31

It's an is a double sugar, made by joining two monosaccharides

Answer 31

Disaccharides

Question 32

Common disaccharides include:

Answer 32

Sucrose (table sugar) Lactose (Milk Sugar) Maltose (Grain sugar)

Question 33

Disaccharide composed of Glucose and Fructose

Answer 33

Sucrose

Question 34

Disaccharide composed of 2 glucose molecules

Answer 34

Maltose

Question 35

Disaccharide made of galactose + glucose

Answer 35

Lactose

Question 36

Complex carbohydrates, composed of many sugar monomers linked together

Answer 36

Polysaccharides

Question 37

Polymers of monosaccharide chains

Answer 37

Polysaccharides

Question 38

Examples of Polysaccharide

Answer 38

Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose

Question 39

an example of a polysaccharide in plants

Answer 39

Starch

Question 40

an example of a polysaccharide in animals

Answer 40

Glycogen

Question 41

the most abundant organic compound on Earth, it forms cable-like fibrils in the tough walls that enclose plants

Answer 41

Cellulose

Question 42

IS A FORM BY JOINING MONOMER OF GLUCOSE AND MONOMER OF FRUCTOSE

Answer 42

Disaccharide

Question 43

Simple sugars and double sugars dissolve readily in water. They are _______ or "water loving

Answer 43

Hydrophilic

Question 44

Presence of this ____ group makes sugar soluble

Answer 44

--OH Groups

Question 45

Lipids are "water fearing" or _____

Answer 45

Hydrophobic

Question 46

a fatty acid that has the maximum number of hydrogens bonded to the carbons (all single bonds between carbons)

Answer 46

Saturated fatty acids

Question 47

a fatty acid that has less than the maximum number of hydrogens bonded to the carbons (a double bond between carbons)

Answer 47

Unsaturated fatty acids

Question 48

Monomer of lipids, Composed of Glycerol & 3 fatty acid chains

Answer 48

Triglyceride

Question 49

forms the “backbone” of the fat

Answer 49

Glycerol

Question 50

Cell membranes are made of lipids called

Answer 50

Phospholipids

Question 51

the “base steroid” from which your body produces other steroids

Answer 51

Cholesterol

Question 52

are polymers made of monomers called amino acids

Answer 52

Protein

Question 53

All proteins are made of ________ linked in different orders

Answer 53

20 different amino acids

Question 54

are used to build cells, act as hormones & enzymes, and do much of the work in a cell

Answer 54

Proteins

Question 55

The process where cells link amino acids together to make proteins

Answer 55

Condensation or dehydration

Question 56

a bonds form to hold the amino acids together

Answer 56

Peptide bonds

Question 57

this controls the rate of chemical reactions by weakening bonds, thus lowering the amount of activation energy needed for the reaction

Answer 57

Enzyme