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Midterms Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the 2 division of coronary artery?

A

Right coronary and left coronary artery

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2
Q

what do you call the right side of coronary atery?

A

posterior decending artery

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3
Q

what do you call the left side of coronary artery and what are the division of that? and means

A

left main coronary artery
Div.:
1. Circumflex coronary artery - lateral portion / side
2. Left anterior descending coronary artery - anterior portio

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4
Q

Most common site of blockage?

A

Left anterior descending coronary artery

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5
Q

heart specialized cells

A

myocytes

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6
Q

generates and conduct electrical impulse to the diff part of the heart

A

Myocytes or myocardial cell

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7
Q

hemodynamics cardiac cycle?

A

from 1 heart beat to another

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8
Q

what happend in diastole?

A

with the closing of the aortic valve (or pulmonic) and ends with the closing of the mitral valve (or tricuspid).

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9
Q

the heart distends the blood vessels, forcing blood from the ventricles into the systemic (or pulmonic) system.

A

Systole

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10
Q

how many cardiac output is normal?

A

4-6L/min

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11
Q

TOTAL AMOUNT OF BLOOD EJECTED BY ONE of the ventricles in L/min

A

Cardiac Output

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12
Q

cardiac output formula

A

Heart rate x Stroke volume

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13
Q

Normal stroke volume

A

60-130

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14
Q

degree of stretch of ventricular cardiac muscle fiber at the end of diastole

A

Preload

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15
Q

Resistance to ejection of blood from ventricles

A

Afterload

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16
Q

Force generated by the contracting myocardium

A

contractility

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17
Q

percent of the end-diastolic blood volumen that is ejected with each heartbeat

A

ejection fraction

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18
Q

normal ejection fraction

A

45-55%

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19
Q

decrease ejection fraction leads to?

A

heart failure

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20
Q

indication edema?

A

HF/Valvular disorder

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21
Q

indication in valvular disorder?

A

Edema, Fatigue, Dizziness, Syncope, SOB

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22
Q

palpitation and syncope difference in terms indication

A

palpitation is dysrhthmias
syncope arrtrhtymias

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23
Q

what medication need to be assess in Cardio

A

ASPIRIN, NTG, ANTI HYPERTENSIVE, DIGOXIN DIURETICS

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24
Q

AORTIC VALVE LOCATED

A

2nd ics Right sternum

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25
Pulmonic valve located
2nd ics left sternum
26
tricuspid valce located
4th ICS L sternum
27
mitral valve located
5th ICS midclavicular line
28
Erb's point located
3rd ICS L sternum
29
rapid venticular filling
s3
30
s3 is normal in?
children
31
35-40 s3 means
physiologic s3
32
heard immediately after s2 used what part of stetos?
bell
33
late diastole
s4
34
harsh grunting sound
friction rub
35
inflammed pericarditis surfaces
friction rub
36
turbulent flow of blood in the heart and valvular disorder
murmur
37
release by myocardial celss that becomes necrosis in myocardium
cardiac biomarkers: 1. Creatine kinase 2. Myoglobin 3. Troponin I
38
Cardiac specific isoenzyme?
creatinine kinase
39
increase during MI what cardiac biomarkers?
Creatinine kinase
40
increase when; creatinine kinase
increase within few hours;peak within 24 hrs
41
normal percentage and international unit of creatinen kinase
%: 3-5 IU/L 5-25
42
initially used when patient having chest pain?
myoglobin
43
myoglobin increase within?
within 2-3 hourse following a heart attack and back to normal within 24hrs
44
myglobin increaases within 2-3 hourse following a heart attack and back to normal
back to normal after 24 hrs
45
most realable to Myocardial infarction what cardioc biomarker?
Troponin I
46
Normal range of troponin I?
0-0.04
47
gym increase of what cardiac biomarker?
myoglobin mg/ml
48
detected few hours of troponin I detected what?
acute myocardial infarction
49
troponin I may remain high till?
14 days or 2 weeks
50
CARDIAC BIOMARKER that can detect recent MI and who fast to detect?
myglobin can detect as fast as possible but troponin I is more detect MI
51
total cholesterol
less that 200 mg/dl
52
triglycerides total
less than 150 mg/dl
53
HDL in male
grater than40 mg/dl M greater than 50 mg/dl F
54
LDL total amount
less than 100 mg/dl
55
increase total choles,trigyceride. ldl leads to?
risk to atherosclenosis that lead to CAD and led to angina/MI
56
regulate BP and fluid volume/secreted by the ventricles
brain natriuretic peptide
57
BNP increase during?
MI/HF/Pulmoembolism
58
prognosis for heart failure
BNP
59
BNP more than ____ pg/ml lead to?
100 MI/HF/Pulmonary embolism
60
C-reative protein more than ___mg/L leads to
3risk for CVD
61
Homocystine morethan ____ leads to?
15mcmol/L CAD / PVD/Stroke
62
what is the scale of amplitude?
+4 bounding +3 strong +2 Normal +1 weak +0 absent
63
normal amplitude?
+2
64
Normal heart sound
S1: closure of tricuspid and mitral valve s2: closure of pulmonic and aortic valve
65
abnormal heart sound
S3: early in diastole - rapid ventricular filling - after s2 S4: late diastole - after s1 - atrial contraction
66
Prognostic tool for heart failure
Brain natriuretic peptide
67
what need to monitor when having exercise stress test
HR, rhythm, BP, skin temp, appearance, symptoms
68
when to stop when having exercise stress test
increase, dyspnea, chest pain, dizziness, fatigue, leg cramping stop when the target HR is achieved
69
pre provedure of excercise stress test
NPO for several hourse / avoid stimulants / meds can be take with sip of water/ hold Beta / Ca channel blocker/ digoxin for 48hrs / post procedure monitoring for 10-15 mins
70
what meds or the pharmacologic stress testing that can be revesersed by?
vasodilating agent/ adenosic dobutamine / aminophyline
71
pharmacologic stress testing duration
1-3 hrs
72
pharmacologic stres testing what need to be stoped/avoid?
stimulants 24 hrs before procedure xantines for 24-48hrs
73
what are the cardiac stress testing
1. excercise stress test 2. pharmacologic stress testing 3. myocardial perfusion imaging 4. magnetic resonance angiography 5. Echocardiography 6. Cardiac catheterization 7. Electrophysiologic testing
74
for evaluation of perfusion and detect blockage
radionuclide imaging / radioistopes
75
2types of myocardial perfusion imaging and differences
1. single photo emision computed tomography - most common - painless / non invasive but need to insert IV - insert radionucleotide - safe 2. Positron emmision testin - provides 3 dimensional images -evaluates glucose metabolism - normal cbg before procedure - avoid stimulant for 24hrs - assess claustrophobia - needs IV access
76
position of positron emission testing
lie still/ hands above the head baseline 30 mins completion 1-3hrs
77
provides class sectional imaging
CT scan
78
use to enhance the xray / improve visualization of ct scan
contrast
79
diagnose disease use of magnetic resonance angiography
- congenital lesions - aorta - heart muscle - pericardium
80
diagnose of transthoracic?
pleural effusion determine size of the chambers etiology of murmurs
81
what is transesophageal?
- provides clear image - use topical anesthesia and sedation - evaluate: CVD / HF / valvular disorder / arrthymias - complication: Resiratory depression , Aspiration , perforation
82
what measures transthoracic?
ejection fraction / size / shape / evaluates function of valves
83
use to diagnose structural and functional disease of the heart
Cardiac catheter
84
what need before cardiac catheter?
blood test / reneal fxn / coagulation / allergy for contrast / npo 8-12/
85
what are the hemodynamic monitoring and differences
1. central venous pressure - measurement of pressure in vena cava or right atrium 2. Pulmunary artery pressure monitoring - Left ventricular function - dx: shock - balloon tip
86
what is the normal value and indication of abnormal value of cetral venous pressure
N: 2-6mmhg abnormal increase: fluid overload / hypertension abnormal decrease: deficit/shock/hypovolemia
87
complication of pulmonary artery pressure
1. rupture of pulmonary artery 2. pulmonary infection and thrombolism 3. air embolism 4. catheter kinking 5. arrtythmias
88
components of electrocardiogram w/ definition / height / duration
P wave - electrical impulse starting SA node - atrial depolariaztion - HT: 2.5mm or less - Duration: 0.11 sec QRS wave: - ventricular Depolarization - HT: more than 5 mm QRS / Less than 5mm qrs T wave - Atrial repolarization - Resting state U wave - Purkinje fiber Repolarization - Hypokalemia PR interval - Beginning of P to QRS - n less than .12 to 20 sec ST interval - Ventricular repolarization end of QRS to beginning of T wave QT interval - Total time of ventricular depo and repo - Beginning of QRS to end of T wave - .32 to .40 sec TP interval - End of T beginning of P - Isoelectric period PP interval - P to P RR interval - R to R
89
ventricular rhythm
rr interval
90
Atrial rhythm
pp interval

Medsurg (6 decks)

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