Midterms

Question 1

carbohydrates function?

Answer 1

energy and storage

Question 2

examples of carbohydrates

Answer 2

sucrose, cellulose, and polysaccharides

Question 3

lipids function

Answer 3

energy storage, organ cushion, and body insulation

Question 4

lipids examples

Answer 4

fats, oils, and cheeses

Question 5

proteins function

Answer 5

muscle contraction, enzymes, transport and storage

Question 6

proteins examples (foods)

Answer 6

fish, nuts, beans, and meat

Question 7

nucleic acids function

Answer 7

stores and transmits hereditary info

Question 8

nucleic acid examples

Answer 8

sugar

Question 9

dehydration synthesis

Answer 9

water molecules are removed to join reactants together

Question 10

hydration synthesis

Answer 10

chemical compounds are broken down by water

Question 11

all organic molecules contain

Answer 11

carbon

Question 12

what’s an enzyme?

Answer 12

specialized type of protein

Question 13

enzyme function

Answer 13

lowers the activation energy and speeds up reactions

Question 14

enzyme analogy

Answer 14

lock and key

Question 15

what causes the denaturing of an enzyme?

Answer 15

pH levels, temperature, and inhibitors (snake venom)

Question 16

what happens when an enzyme becomes denatured?

Answer 16

protein structure unravels, making the enzyme nonfunctional (they can’t return to their original shape)

Question 17

what is photosynthesis?

Answer 17

process in which light is converted into chemical energy

Question 18

what is cellular respiration?

Answer 18

converts glucose into a usable form of ATP energy

Question 19

reactants of photosynthesis

Answer 19

water carbon dioxide, and light energy

Question 19

products of photosynthesis

Answer 19

glucose and oxygen gas

Question 20

what kind of energy do cells use?

Answer 20

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

Question 21

where does photosynthesis take place? (which organelle)

Answer 21

chloroplast

Question 22

reactants of cellular respiration

Answer 22

glucose and oxygen

Question 23

products of cellular respiration

Answer 23

ATP, water, and carbon dioxide

Question 24

where does cellular respiration occur?

Answer 24

mitochondria

Question 25

primary source of energy for all life on earth

Answer 25

sun/solar energy/light energy

Question 26

anaerobic respiration

Answer 26

respiration that doesn't require oxygen and occurs in cytoplasm

Question 27

aerobic respiration

Answer 27

respiration that requires oxygen and occurs in the mitochondria

Question 28

autotrophs

Answer 28

makes their own energy from sunlight

Question 29

heterotrophs

Answer 29

gets their energy from other organisms

Question 30

1st step of photosynthesis

Answer 30

energy is captured from the sun and gets converted into chemical energy

Question 31

2nd step of photosynthesis

Answer 31

energy powers the formation of organic compounds using carbon dioxide

Question 32

3 steps of aerobic respiration

Answer 32

1. glycolysis 2. Krebs cycle 3. electron transport chain

Question 33

structure of DNA

Answer 33

double helix (twisted ladder)

Question 34

DNA function

Answer 34

carries genetic information

Question 35

where is DNA found?

Answer 35

mostly nucleus, but also in mitochondria and floating in cell

Question 36

what is a nucleotide made up of?

Answer 36

phosphate, deoxyribose sugar, base pair

Question 37

base pairing rules for DNA

Answer 37

A-T (adenine-thymine) and G-C (guanine-cytosine)

Question 38

who discovered the structure of DNA?

Answer 38

rosalind franklin, James watson, francis crick

Question 39

antiparallel definition (DNA)

Answer 39

where two stands of DNA run in opposite directions

Question 40

semiconservative replication definition (DNA)

Answer 40

one of the two old previous strands of DNA are conserved in each daughter molecule

Question 41

RNA is...

Answer 41

ribose, single stranded, includes uracil, throughout the cell

Question 42

DNA is...

Answer 42

deoxyribose, double stranded, includes thymine and in nucleus only

Question 43

3 types of RNA

Answer 43

1. mRNA (messenger) 2. tRNA (transfer) 3. rRNA (ribosomal)

Question 44

what molecule is made during transcription?

Answer 44

mRNA

Question 45

where does transcription occur?

Answer 45

nucleus

Question 46

what happens during transcription?

Answer 46

genetic info is copied from DNA to mRNA

Question 47

what molecule is made at the end of translation?

Answer 47

protein/amino acid

Question 48

where does translation occur?

Answer 48

ribosome

Question 49

what happens during translation?

Answer 49

mRNA converts into amino acids

Question 50

what is a protein?

Answer 50

molecule made of amino acids

Question 51

what does protein do #2?

Answer 51

growth and repair, also energy, pretty much everything

Question 52

how does DNA determine a trait?

Answer 52

the instructions contained in the DNA are translated into mRNA which are used to make different proteins that make genetic codes which determine external traits

Question 53

what's a codon?

Answer 53

3 nucleotides of an mRNA molecule

Question 54

what's an anticodon?

Answer 54

3 nucleotides of a tRNA molecule

Question 55

what's a mutation

Answer 55

change in chromosome structure

Question 56

4 types of mutation

Answer 56

1.Insertion 2.Deletion 3. Translocation 4. Nonsense

Question 57

Create RNA from this DNA strand - AAT CGA CAT CCT GCA

Answer 57

UUA GCU GUA GGA CGU

Question 58

What does TULIPS stand for? (Graphing)

Answer 58

1.Title 2.Units 3.Labels 4.Integers 5.Points 6.Scale

Question 59

What's an independent variable?

Answer 59

what you change in the experiment

Question 60

what's a dependent variable?

Answer 60

what you're measuring in the experiment

Question 61

what's a control variable?

Answer 61

what you keep the same/consistent in the experiment (room, temperature, person performing it, etc.)

Question 62

what's a control group?

Answer 62

what you don't change in the experiment (baseline group for comparisons)