Midterms Flashcards
(165 cards)
1
Q
Is the basic need of all people regardless of the setting
A
Self care
2
Q
A responsible for providing individuals with a safe environment through the delivery of professional, quality nursing care that incorporates safety precautions, infection control practices, and hygiene assistants
A
Registered nurses
3
Q
Pertains to environmental safety in all healthcare settings
A
Culture of safety
4
Q
What are the eight NSQHS standards
A
- Clinical governance
- Partnering with consumers
- Preventing and controlling infections
- Medication safety
- Comprehensive care
- Communicating for safety
- Blood management
- Recognizing and responding to acute deterioration
5
Q
What does NSQHS mean
A
National safety and quality healthcare standards
6
Q
Maintain and improve the reliability, safety and quality of healthcare and improve health outcomes for people
A
Clinical governance
7
Q
Create person centered health system. Share decision making involves people as partners in their own care and in the development and design of quality health care
A
Partnering with consumers
8
Q
Prevent infection, manage infections effectively when they occur, limit the development of antimicrobial resistance through prudent use of antimicrobials and promote use of infection prevention and control resources.
A
Preventing and controlling infection
9
Q
Ensures clinician safely prescribed, dispense and administer appropriate medicines to inform patients and monitor use of medicines
A
Medication safety
10
Q
Integrated screening assessment and risk identification process used to develop individualized care plans to prevent and minimize the risk of harm in identified areas
A
Comprehensive care
11
Q
Effective communication between individuals carriers and families, multidisciplinary teams and phoenicians and across the health service organization
A
Communicating for safety
12
Q
Safe, appropriate, efficient and effective care of supplies of blood and blood products and patients own blood
A
Blood management
13
Q
Used to effectively respond to individuals when their physical, mental or cognitive condition deteriorates
A
Recognizing and responding to acute deterioration
14
Q
To Improve the quality of care during a hospital stay
A
Hospital acquired complication
15
Q
Events that should never happen in a hospital are deemed wholly preventable by following evidenced based guidelines
A
Sentinel events
16
Q
In the healthcare settings, accidents are categorized by their ______ agent
A
Causative
17
Q
What are the types of accident
A
- Persons behavior accident s
- Therapeutic procedures accidents
- Equipment accidents
18
Q
This accident occur when the person behavior or action precipitate the incident
A
Personal behavior accidents
19
Q
Poisoning or overdose from intentional hoarding of medication
A
Personal behaviour accidents
20
Q
Falls while sedated or weekend people not asking for assistant
A
Personal behavior accidents
21
Q
Self inflicted cuts and bruises
A
Personal behavior accidents
22
Q
This type of accident occur during the delivery of medical or nursing interventions
A
Therapeutic procedure accidents
23
Q
Medication errors
A
Therapeutic procedure accidents
24
Q
Trauma or falls during transfers
A
Therapeutic procedures accident
25
Contamination of sterile instruments are wounds
Therapeutic procedure accident
26
Improper performance of nursing activities such as using too high ascetic on assumption when clearing an airway
Therapeutic procedure accident
27
This accident result from the malfunction and improper use of medical equipment
Equipment accidents
28
Electrocution or fire
Equipment accidents
29
Is a health professionals understanding of their own personal culture and how the related values may impact on the provision of care to a person regardless of culture
Cultural safety
30
Is the embedded value system within a society that supports and allows discrimination establishing barriers to quality healthcare for some
Institutional or systemic racism
31
Is a thoughtless and hurtful remark that relies on negative stereotypes or prejudice about someone's race often not directed to an individual
Casual racism
32
Is a common occupational condition for HCW. It is an inflammatory skin condition caused by workplace substances that damage the skin
Contact dermatitis
33
What are the three types of contact dermatitis
1. Irritant
2. Allergic
3. Contact urticaria
34
It is the most common type of contact dermatitis where excessive exposure to water, use of soaps, dry weather, extended use of glove and glove powder
Irritant
35
This type of contact dermatitis present similarity and develops over several contacts with the allergen but is a lifelong condition whenever the substance is touch
Allergic
36
This type of contact dermatitis in develops within minutes of contact causing red, itchy skin, burning, tingling in the area
Contact urticaria
37
Healthcare institutions care for people of all sizes and weights
Work related musculoskeletal disorders
38
Part of working as a nurse. It keeps you alert and attending to the situation. However chronic stress can contribute to poor health and increased accidents
Stress in nursing
39
The interaction between the agent the host and the environment causes disease this is influenced by the _______.
Chain of infection
40
Is an entity that can cause disease.
Agent
41
This agent is a living organism that invade the host for example is bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa
Biological agents
42
This agents are substances that can interact with the body for example as pesticides, food additives, medications and industrial chemicals
Chemical agents
43
This agents factors in the environment for example heat, light, noise, radiation and machinery.
Physical agents
44
Is a simple or complex organism that can be affected by an agent. Generally a human being.
Host
45
Is the person who lacks resistance to an agent and is thus vulnerable to disease
Susceptible host
46
Is a person whose normal defense mechanisms are impaired and who is therefore susceptible to infection
Compromised host
47
Interaction between agent and the host occurs in the
Environment
48
Microorganism that cause disease in humans are called
Pathogens
49
Is the ability of microorganism to produce disease
Pathogenicity
50
What are the examples of pathogens
Bacteria
Virus
Fungi
Protozoa
Rickettsia
51
Is the degree of pathogenicity of an infectious microorganism
Virulence
52
True or false. The term infection and colonization are not synonymous
True
53
Is an invasion and a multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues that result in cellular injury.
Infection
54
Multiplication of microorganism in body tissues that results in cellular activity are called
Infectious agents
55
Is the multiplication of microorganism on or within a host that does not result in cellular injury
Colonisation
56
Describes the phenomenon of developing an infectious process
Chain of infection
57
What are involved in interactive process
Agent, host and environment
58
A response to protect the host from all microorganisms
Non-specific immune defense
59
An immune response that is specific to the invading antigen
Specific immune defense
60
Are proteins substances that counteract and neutralize the effect of antigenic toxins and destroy bacteria and other cells
Antibodies
61
The formation of antibodies
Acquired immunity
62
Provides acquired immunity against specific diseases
Vaccination
63
Are used either in a killed by heat chemicals state or alive attitude weakened
Whole pathogen vaccine
64
Are disease toxins that have been altered so they cannot cause the disease
Toxoids
65
Vaccine use components of the pathogen to induce an immune response
Subunit conjugate or polysaccharide
66
Are limited to a defined area or a single organ with symptoms that resemble inflammation
Localized infection
67
Affect the entire body and involved multiple organs
Systemic infections
68
One that has appeared in a population for the first time or may have existed previously but is rapidly increasing in incidence or geographic range
Emerging infections
69
Are infectious acquired in the hospital or other health care facilities that were not present or incubating at the time of the person's admission
Healthcare associated infections
70
Is the science of health
Hygiene
71
Is an extension of providing safety for the hospitalized person and protecting their defense mechanism
Personal hygiene
72
What are the factors affecting hygiene
Body image
Social and cultural practices
Personal preferences
Socio-economic status
Knowledge
73
Is the process that bridges the gap between the portal of exit of the biological agent from the reservoir or source and the portal of entry of the susceptible new host
Modes of transmission
74
Which involves the direct physical transfer of an agent from an infected person to a host through direct contact or closed contact with contaminated secretions
Contact transmission
75
Occurs when a susceptible host contacts minute droplet nuclei or dust particles that are suspended in the air
Airborne transmission
76
Infectious spread when the droplets from sneezes coughs shouting land on inanimate objects called fomites
Indirect contact
77
Occurs when an agent is transferred to a susceptible host by contaminated inanimate objects such as water, food, milk, medications or blood
Vehicle transmission
78
Occurs when an agent is transferred to a susceptible host by animate means such as mosquitoes, fleas, ticks, lice and other animals
Vector borne transmission
79
Applying proper infection control practices to interrupt the mode of transmission
Breaking the chain of infection
80
Are substances prescribed by the prescribing practitioner to help in the treatment, relief or cure the cause of the person's health alterations or in the prevention of such alteration
Medication
81
Refers to the study of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of medications to determine the relationship between the those of a medication and its concentration in biological fluids
Pharmacokinetics
82
The passage of a medication from the site of administration into the bloodstream
Absorption
83
Is the rate at which a medication becomes a solution. After ingestion appeal capsule or tablet must disintegrate before it can be dissolved and then absorbed by the body for therapeutic use.
Dissolution
84
Refers to the movement of medications from the blood into various body fluids and tissues
Distribution
85
Also known as bio transformation that refers to the physical and chemical processing of the medication
Metabolism
86
What is the primary source of metabolism
Liver
87
Is the process by which medications are eliminated from the body
Excretion
88
What is the abbreviation for twice a day
BID
89
What is the abbreviation for thrice a day
TID
90
What is the abbreviation for once a day
OD
91
What is the abbreviation for four times a day
QID
92
What is the abbreviation for as needed
PRN
93
What is the abbreviation of now
STAT
94
What is the abbreviation of intravenous
IV
95
What is the abbreviation of intramuscular
IM
96
What is the abbreviation of intradermal
ID
97
What is the abbreviation of per orem
PO
98
What is the abbreviation of sublingual
SL
99
What is the abbreviation for subcutaneous
SQ
100
Non therapeutic, mild and predictable effects of medication
Side effects
101
Unexpected effect and potentially hazardous
Adverse effect
102
What are the different types of adverse reaction
- medication allergy
- medication tolerance
- toxic effect
- idiosyncratic reaction
103
A type of adverse reaction which is also called as hypersensitivity
Medication allergy
104
A type of adverse reaction occur when the body becomes so a custom to a specific medication that larger doses are needed to produce the desired therapeutic effect.
Medication tolerance
105
A type of adverse reaction that occurs when the body cannot metabolize a medication, causing the medication to accumulate in the blood.
Toxic effect
106
A type of adverse reaction that is highly unpredictable response that may be manifested by an over response, under response or a typical response.
Idiosyncratic reaction
107
The study of the effects of medication on living organism
Pharmacology
108
Responsible for filing prescriptions and for making sure that they are valid entries. They also plans, monitoring for in compatibility and at times recommending the best time to administer a medication to obtain therapeutic benefit.
Pharmacist
109
Responsible for teaching people to self administer medication like insulin and for assessing their ability to self administer correctly.
Nurses
110
What are the seven parts in medication order
1. Name of receiving person and their MRN (medical record number)
2. Date and time.
3. Name of medication to be administered
4. Dosage
5. Route in which medication must be administered and special instructions
6. Time of administration and frequency
7. The name and signature of the prescribing practitioner
111
What are the six rights of medication administration
1. Right medication
2. Right dose
3. Right person
4. Right route
5. Right time
6. Right documentation
112
When administering a medication check the label written on container against the MAR at least three times before giving the medication
Right medication
113
Careful calculation is especially important when the prescribing practitioner orders a unit of measurement different from what is supplied by the pharmacy.
Right dose
114
Identify the person by using at least two identifiers her name, identification band, and birthdate
Right person
115
What is the third identifier for the right person
Birthdate
116
The route of the medication is specified in the written order. Consult the prescribing practitioner whenever a route is not identified in the prescription
Right route
117
Medication is generally ordered on a schedules some medication must be given at a certain time for proper therapeutic effect.
Right time
118
What are the different angle of injection
1. Intramuscular
2. Subcutaneous
3. Intravenous
4. Intradermal
119
Has a long association with health maintenance and disease prevention and treatment, particularly chronic disease and the demand for its increasing.
Traditional Medicine (TM)
120
It is the term generally used to encompass diverse therapies and health products used to prevent, treat or manage illness
Complementary Medicine (CM)
121
Healing system integrated the mind, body, and spirit into a system of balance energy between the individual and the universe
Traditional healing system
122
This ancient time culture perceived health as maintenance of balance in all dimensions of life.
Ancient greece
123
God of healing
Asclepius
124
In china people believe in a life energy called ____ which represents an invisible energy flow circulating through plants, animals and people as well as through the universe
Qi or chi
125
Is an essential component of TCM which promote balance, use of herbs for dual purposes.
Herbalism
126
It is an intricate system and compassing balance of body, mind and spirit as well as balance between people, their environments and the larger cosmos.
Ayurvedic medicine
127
Refers to a concentrated area of energy.
Chakra
128
Intervention may consist of yoga, herbs, diet, exercise, steam baths, cathartics, and detoxifying massage
Ayurvedic
129
Views a person as a collection of separate body parts, has been less effective in treating chronic conditions such as hypertension and arthritis.
Allopathic medicine
130
The absence of disease
Health
131
Curing the disease or fixing the problem for example trauma
Treatment goals
132
Focuses on ridding to the body of clinical manifestation induced by disease or injury.
Biomedical model
133
Also known as biomedicine or refers to as allopathic medicine
Modern medicine
134
The biomedical model is founded on the dualistic belief that mind, body and spirit are separate entities. An inseparable connection and operation of thoughts feelings and psychological function.
Body mind medicine
135
Refers to the concept that whole is greater than the sum of its part.
Holism
136
Describe as the art and science of carry for the whole person, knowing that each person is unique in all expressions of self.
Holistic nursing
137
The word healing is derived from the anglo-saxon word ____which means to make whole, to move towards, or to become whole.
Hael
138
Methods by which a person can consciously control some sympathetic nervous system functions.
Body mind therapies
139
Offers a way for a person to reduce stress, it may contract the effects of long term stress which can contribute to or where sun arranged of health problems.
Relaxation therapy
140
Is a type of body mind medicine that includes group of techniques. Its effect are mediated by the endocrine system which influences mental health and feelings of well-being.
Medication
141
A person focuses their complete attention on the present moment, temporarily stops negative thinking and related anxiety.
Mindfulness
142
Is a type of thinking without words in which the senses are used to evoke one's imagination.
Guided imagery
143
A measure of psychological responses that yield information about the relationship between the mind and the body and helps people change this response through mental activity.
Biofeedback
144
Allows a person to see the effect of the mind on the body
Biofeedback
145
Useful in training people to purposefully warm their hands to treat reynolds disease a circulatory disorder
Temperature biofeedback
146
Is becoming more accepted as a therapeutic intervention although misconception about the practice ____ remain common.
Hypnosis
147
A state of wholeness or health is dependent not only on one's relationship to the physical or and interpersonal environment but also on the spiritual aspect of self.
Spiritual therapies
148
Ritualized practice has been used to keep peace with the great spirits to harness their power, to promote power and to prevent death
Shamanistic tradition
149
Practice of entering altered consciousness states with the intent of helping others
Shamanism
150
A term adapted by anthropologist to refer to those known in the west as medicine men, witch doctors, witches, magicians or seers
Shaman
151
It is a manipulative and body based therapist to prevent and reverse the expression of inflammatory mediators to maintain homeostasis.
Yoga
152
What are the three main elements of yoga
1. Breathing
2. Movement
3. Posture
153
Consists of series of sequential, dance like moves connected in a smooth flowing process.
Tai chi
154
Spinal column manipulation is useful in elevating a variety of ills
Chiropractic
155
Is the application of pressure and motion by the hands with the intent of improving the recipients well-being
Therapeutic massage
156
Is the use of needles inserted at specific points of the body to promote healing
Acupuncture
157
Pressing specific points on the foot stimulates energy movement and produces relaxation, reduces stress and promotes health by relieving pressures and accumulation of toxins in the corresponding body part to aid healing.
Reflexology
158
Energy balance or harmony involves biopsychosocial and spiritual integration commonly expressed as physical and spiritual healing
Energy therapies
159
Refers to any natural substances found in plant or animal foods acting as protective or healing agents.
Nutraceuticals
160
Also known as phytochemicals that are found in plants
Phytonutrients
161
Human made or naturally occurring substances that reacts with or devour free radicals preventing them from damaging cells and from altering DNA
Antioxidants and free radicals
162
A powerful tool in traditional healing for centuries
Herbal medicine
163
Is the therapeutic use of concentrated essences are essentials oil extracted from plants or flowers
Aromatherapy
164
Therapeutic use of specifically selected animals may be particularly help with older adults
Animal assisted therapy
165
Characterized by using specific qualities of music within a therapeutic relationship with a music therapist.
Music therapy
