MIDTERMS | Polarity of Molecules and IMF

Question 1

What are the smallest particles of an element that may exist either independently or as components of compounds?

Answer 1

Atoms

Question 2

What is the attraction between atoms or ions in a molecule?

Answer 2

Chemical Bond

Question 3

A positive ion is called a ______.

Answer 3

Cation

Question 4

A negative ion is called an _____

Answer 4

Anion

Question 5

_______ _________ are electrons found in the outermost shell of an atom, responsible for chemical bonding.

Answer 5

Valence electrons

Question 6

_____ _________ are formed from the complete transfer of valence electrons from one atom to another.

Answer 6

Ionic compounds

Question 7

Who is the proponent of the Lewis Structure?

Answer 7

Gilbert Newton Lewis

Question 8

The ________ of a molecule tells whether the electron cloud is equally distributed across the atoms within the molecule, or whether an electronegative atom is affecting the electron density.

Answer 8

Polarity

Question 9

We can identify the polarity of a compound based on electronegativity difference. This is called ____ _______.

Answer 9

Bond Polarity

Question 10

We can identify the polarity of a compound based on the geometrical shape of the molecule which can be predicted via the VSEPR theory. This is called _________ ________.

Answer 10

Molecular Polarity

Question 11

This is the ability of an atom to attract electrons toward itself in a chemical bond.

Answer 11

Electronegativity

Question 12

If the EN difference is greater than 1.7, the type of bond present is _____.

Answer 12

Ionic

Question 13

If the EN difference is 0.4 or less, the type of bond present is ________ ________.

Answer 13

Nonpolar Covalent

Question 14

If the EN difference is within the range from 0.5-1.7, the type of bond present is _____ ________.

Answer 14

Polar Covalent

Question 15

________ compounds will be Symmetric, while _____ molecules are Asymmetric.

Answer 15

Nonpolar, polar

Question 16

This refers to the three- dimensional arrangement of atoms or bonding groups around a central atom.

Answer 16

Molecular Shape

Question 17

A molecule is said to be ____________ if dipole moment or lone pairs are present and bond dipoles are arranged in such a way that they do not cancel each other.

Answer 17

Polar

Question 18

A molecule is said to be ____________ if there are no dipole moment or lone pairs and arranged in such a way that their polarities cancel each other.

Answer 18

Nonpolar

Question 19

This refers to the relative ability of a bonded atom to attract toward itself a shared electron pair.

Answer 19

Electronegativity

Question 20

______________ ________ are the forces within a molecule or ionic compound.

Answer 20

Intramolecular forces

Question 21

______________ _________ are the forces between two molecules or ions and molecules.

Answer 21

Intermolecular forces

Question 22

What is the weakest type of intermolecular force?

Answer 22

Dispersion/London Force

Question 23

This is a special type of dipole-dipole force that exists only in molecule with a hydrogen atom bonded to small, highly electronegative atom with lone pairs of electrons (N, O, and F only).

Answer 23

Hydrogen Bond

Question 24

An _____________ consists of an ion and a polar molecule aligning so that the positive and negative charges are next to one another, allowing for maximum attraction.

Answer 24

Ion-dipole force

Question 25

This occurs when the slightly positive end of one polar molecule is attracted to the slightly negative end of another polar molecule.

Answer 25

Dipole-dipole

Question 26

In this intermolecular force, the electrons move about the nucleus resulting to momentary distortion of electron distribution causing __________ _______.

Answer 26

Dispersion/London Forces