Midterms quiz 1

Question 1

Anatomical regions of interest

Answer 1

lung, soft tissue, bone windows

Question 2

basic compression method
one of the most common methods of variable lengths encoding used to reduce redundancy

Answer 2

Huffman coding

Question 3

Image display board processing unit and image memory

Answer 3

ram and vram

Question 4

pt no disease; modality with disease

Answer 4

false positive

Question 5

selectively subtracts a blurred image from the original image

Answer 5

unsharp mask filters

Question 6

Is composed of individual pixels where discrete brightness or color values are assigned

Answer 6

Digital image

Question 7

used by radiologists and physicians to review cases in wards and outpatient department

Answer 7

Review workstation

Question 8

The gateway process; and is individualized per modality

Answer 8

Image preprocessing

Question 9

pt with disease; modality no disease

Answer 9

false negative

Question 10

pt no disease; modality no disease

Answer 10

true negative

Question 11

Computed intended for individual use that is faster and more capable than a personal computer

Answer 11

Radiology workstations

Question 12

reconstruct image without any loss of data

Answer 12

lossless

Question 13

provides a common source of patient information about a patients health history

Answer 13

Hospital information system

Question 14

Reduction of image size and file to fit in the hardcopy backups such as CD-R, DVD-R, PACS, and other storage devices/means.

Answer 14

Image compression

Question 15

uses a sharp edge rather than a simply line

Answer 15

edge spread function

Question 16

reversal of light and dark pixels

Answer 16

Image reverse

Question 17

the setup of your computer prevents injuries and accidents and they are well within reach and used

Answer 17

ergonomics of image workstations

Question 18

Refers to any method that makes particular elements in the image more visible

Answer 18

Enhancement

Question 19

3d immersion of a simulated object

Answer 19

Virtual reality and augmented reality technology

Question 20

Resolution in radiology workstation

Answer 20

1k or 2k

Question 21

sensitivity or recall

Answer 21

true positive rate

Question 22

Add scaling and shearing to rigid-body transforms and are useful in intersubject registration

Answer 22

Affine transformation

Question 23

response of an imaging system to a linear stimulus

Answer 23

line spread function (LSF)

Question 24

Display monitor in radiology workstations

Answer 24

CRT and LCD

Question 25

Encompasses the use and exploration of 3d image datasets of the human body, obtained most commonly from a CT or MRI scanner...

Answer 25

medical image processing

Question 26

It involves computer interpolation of two dimensional multislice images acquired during routine axial CT scanning in order to generate a three-dimensional volume of data

Answer 26

Reformatting

Question 28

Mapping of one space of an image to the space of another image

Answer 28

Transformation

Question 29

Curve or graph that shows the performance of a classification model at all classification methods

Answer 29

Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) method

Question 30

useful in applications where no loss of information is tolerable. this may due to accuracy requirements, legal requirements, or less than perfect quality of original image

Answer 30

Error-free compression methods

Question 31

a technique for expressing a waveform as a weighted sum of sines and cosines. (eg. an image fluctuations being converted into a value)

Answer 31

discrete fourier transform

Question 32

Process of aligning images with one another in a given location/s

Answer 32

Registration

Question 33

it affects the ease of extracting information from an object thus the good image quality will ensure the maximum amount of diagnostic information is gained from the image

Answer 33

measurement of image sharpness

Question 34

used by radiologists for making reading and diagnosis

Answer 34

Diagnostic workstation

Question 35

the use of statistical tools is to analyze effectiveness of all the hardcopies in diagnosing the given diseases

Answer 35

statistical analysis

Question 36

there may be loss of data

Answer 36

lossy

Question 37

Collected by a third party coordinator, which then selects images with acceptable quality, findings, and set of diseases

Answer 37

Image collection

Question 38

refers to determination of truthfulness of an image by using all available clinical history and means of each case and disease

Answer 38

truth determination

Question 39

Allows rotation and translation. Commonly used in neuroimaging wherein the patient is imaged in different positions

Answer 39

Rigid body transform

Question 40

Separation of an image into meaningful components of anatomic structures such as the bone, lung, blood vessel, or disease

Answer 40

Segmentation

Question 41

Used in generation 3d data from 2d data. commonly used in CT and MRI

Answer 41

3d visualization

Question 42

Refers to the reduction of image file size

Answer 42

Compression

Question 43

Process of estimating a value between two known values

Answer 43

Interpolation

Question 44

Removal of unnecessary background from x-ray collimation for optimal display in the workstations

Answer 44

Background removal

Question 45

Used to extract useful parameters from images such as measurements from blood flow

Answer 45

Analysis workstation

Question 46

Histogram manipulation

Answer 46

Filtering

Question 47

pertains to a response of an imaging modality to a point object

Answer 47

point spread function (PSF)

Question 48

mathematical formula for measuring resolution

Answer 48

Modulation transfer function

Question 49

can read images produced with the use of an x-ray, ct, mri, pet, and ultrasound

Answer 49

Medical image analysis

Question 50

a mathematical concept that converts a signal in time (spatial) domain to frequency domain

Answer 50

fourier transform/ frequency domain

Question 51

Allow the mapping of straight lines to curves. the similarity measure can be calculated globally, on the entire image, or locally on a subimage

Answer 51

Nonlinear transformation

Question 52

pt with disease; modality with disease

Answer 52

True positive

Question 53

Assigning of anatomic structures labels such as lungs to their same pixels of voxels

Answer 53

Classification texturing, and segregation

Question 54

refers to use observers of ambient lighting and good environment to view the softcopy images and hardcopy images thru a negatoscope

Answer 54

observing testing and viewing environment

Question 55

privacy and confidentiality of the information in the healthcare business institution

Answer 55

network security

Question 56

Process of estimating a value beyond the range of available values

Answer 56

Extrapolation

Question 57

measures falsely negative diseases of people

Answer 57

false positive rate