Midterms-specimen Collection Flashcards
(106 cards)
0
Q
hours required for glucose, lipids, LPP
A
8-16 hours
1
Q
What are increased during exercise
A
Lactate
FA
ammonia
2
Q
Inc after 48 hrs of fasting
A
Serum bilirubin
3
Q
Inc after 72 hrs of fasting
A
Plasma triglyceride
4
Q
High protein diet increases what
A
Urea
5
Q
This will increase the urinary secretion
A
Serotonin
6
Q
Increases the concentration of glucose
A
Caffeine
7
Q
Releases catecholamines from adrenal medulla and brain tissue
A
Caffeine
8
Q
Posture: prevent hemodilution or hemoconcentration
A
Seated/supine
9
Q
Posture: causes extravascular water to transfer to the vascular system
A
Standing to supine
10
Q
Posture: causes constriction of blood vessels and reduction of plasma volume
A
Supine to sitting
11
Q
Posture: causes shifting of water and electrolytes into tissue causing hemoconcentration
A
Sitting to supine
12
Q
How many minute/s is the recommended application of tourniquet
A
1 min.
13
Q
Prolonged tourniquet results to
A
Hemoconcentration
Anaerobiosis
14
Q
Increase in plasma NEFA
A
Tobacco smoking (nicotine)
15
Q
Increase GGT concentration
Increase plasma conc. of urate and trigylceride
A
Alcohol ingestion
16
Q
GGT
A
Gamma glutamyltransferase
17
Q
Affects adrenal hormone secretion
A
Stress
18
Q
This drugs can elevate liver function enzymes
A
Hepatotoxic drugs
19
Q
Can decrease plasma medium
A
Diuretics
20
Q
Has larger conc of oxygen than CO2
A
Arterial blood
21
Q
Larger conc of CO2
A
Venous blood
22
Q
Pumped by the heart to lungs
A
Venous blood
23
Q
Pumped by the heart to the body cells
A
Arterial blood
24
1st crucial step in sample collection
Proper patient identification
25
Human blood contains approx. ,how many quarts/liters of whole blood
5 quarts
| 4.73 L
26
Whole blood(males)
5-6 liters
27
Whole blood (females)
4-5 liters
28
Process by which blood is obtained from a patient's artery
Arterial puncture
29
Oxygenated blood with bright red color
Arterial blood
30
Sites for artery
```
Radial
Brachial
Femoral
Scalp
Umbilical
```
31
Hardest to control during bleeding period and usually requires special attention
Arterial bleeding
32
A process by which blood is obtained from a patient's vein
Venipuncture
33
Deoxygenated blood with dark red color
Venous blood
34
Liquid portion of an unclotted blood or anticoagulated blood
Plasma
35
Plasma contains what
Fibrinogen
36
Liquid portion of clotted blood
Serum
37
Most commonly used method in venipuncture
ETS
| Evacuated tube system
38
3 basic methods in venipuncture
Ets
Needle and syringe
Winged infusion set
39
Most commonly used veins for venipuncture are located in the
Antecubital fossa
40
1st site
2nd site
3rd site
(Phlebotomy sites)
In order:
Median cubital vein
Cephalic vein
Basilic vein
41
Best site for venipuncture
Median cubital
42
Largest and best anchored vein
Median cubital
43
Reduce the risk of specimen
Order of draw
44
Order of draw
```
B lood culture (yellow)
C oagulation (light blue)
N on additive (red)
H eparin (green)
E DTA (lavander)
S odium fluoride (gray)
```
45
EDTA
Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid
46
Apply the tourniquet at least how many inches above the site
3-4 inches
47
Patients with allergies in alcohol
Chlorhexidrine gluconate
48
Ethanol testing
Benzalkonium chloride
49
Standard needle length
1 inch or 1.5 inch
50
Butterfly needle
1/2-3/4 inches
51
Complications of venipuncture
Immediate local complication
Late local complication
Late general complication
52
Anti coagulants
K2 edta
| Potassium oxalate
53
Clot activators
Thrombin
Silica
Glass particle
54
Anti glycolitics
Sodium fluoride
| Lithium iodoacetate
55
Gel separator
Thixotropic gel
56
Blood is collected from a skin puncture made with a lancet or similar device
Capillary specimen collection
57
3 components of capillary blood in skin puncture
Venous
Arterial
Tissue fluid
58
Recommended sites for skin puncture
1st choice: middle finger
| 2nd choice: ring finger
59
Preferred site for newborn
Lateral plantar heel surface
60
3rd and 4th fingers (site)
Palmar surfaces of the fingers
61
Least preferred site
Earlobe
62
Order of draw: microcollection tubes
Edta
Other tubes with additives
Non additives
63
21 and 22 gauge
Blood collection
64
23 gauge
Used for children
65
25 gauge
For butterfly needle
66
16 to 19 gauge
Therapeutic phlebotomy
67
Preferred site due to vascularity
Earlobe
68
Most commonly used site in arterilized capillary blood
Lateral plantar heel surface
69
Best site for blood gas analysis
Indwelling umbilical artery
70
Centrifugation requirement
1000-3000 relative centrifugal force
71
Effects of hemolysis
Affects bilirubin levels
Inhibits lipase enzyme
Interferes with the color reactions
Increased level of analytes
72
Can cause hemolysis and aerosol infection
Rimming the tube
73
Can cause lysis and slight elevation in LD and K
Excessive centrifugation
74
May cause incomplete barrier formation in gel tubes
Insufficient centrifugation
75
Excessive centrifugation
Greater than 3000 RCF
76
Insufficient centrifugation
Less than 1000
77
Specimens that require chilling
```
Ammonia
Blood gases
Catecholamines
Gastrin
Lactic acid
```
78
Photosensitive analytes
```
Bilirubin
Beta carotene
Folate
Porphyrins
Vitamin A
B6
```
79
Other biological specimens for testing
```
CST
Synovial fluid
Peritoneal fluid
Pleural fluid
Pericardial fluid
```
80
This top can also be used for lactate and alcohol determinations
Gray top
81
Can cause increase in potassium
Respinning gel tubes
82
For microcollection tubes, these are the preferred anticoagulants
Lithium
| Ammonium salts of heparin
83
Blue inversions:
3-4 times
84
Tubes with clot activator inversions:
5 times
85
Heparin/ lavander inversions
8 times
86
Non additive inversions
No inversions
87
System of ensuring accuracy & precision in the lab by including quality control reagents in every series of measurements
Quality control
88
A quality control system is designed to:
```
Sensitivity
Specificity
Accuracy
Precision
Reliability
```
89
Ability of an analytical method to maintain accuracy & precision over an extended period of time
Reliability
90
Nearness or closeness of the assayed value to the true or target value
Accuracy
91
Ability of the analytical method to measure only the analyte of interest
Specificity
92
Ability of an analytical method to give repeated results on the same sample that agree with one another
Precision
93
Ability of an analytical method to measure the samllest concentration of the analyte of interest
Sensitivity
94
Ability of the test to detect the proportion of individuals without the disease who test negatively for the disease
Diagnostic specificity
95
Kinds of quality control
Internal qc
| External qc
96
Combines with calcium to form an insoluble salt
Oxalate
97
Combines with calcium in a process called chelation
Edta
98
Forming weakly dissociated calcium components
Fluoride
99
Combines with calcium in a non-ionized form
Citrate
100
Acts as anti thrombin and anti thromboplastin
Heparin
101
Concentration of citrate
3.2-3.8 g/dl
102
Conc of heparin
0.2 mg/ml of blood
103
What are the sample rejection
Lipemic sample
Hemolyzed sample
Icteric sample
104
Conc of fluoride
10 mg/ml
105
Conc of edta
1-2 mg/ml
