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Midyear exam Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

Nucleus

A

Structure with a membrane containing DNA which controls the structure and function of a cell

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2
Q

Eukaryotic

A

Organisms with genetic material in a nucleus

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3
Q

Prokaryotic

A

Organisms that do not have a nucleus

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4
Q

Organelle

A

Specialised structures inside the cytoplasm of cells that perform functions for the cell

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5
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Gel like material with Incel which is enclosed by cell membrane

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6
Q

Cell membrane

A

Selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell

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7
Q

Mitochondria

A

The powerhouse of the cell which is 02️⃣- food to release energy for the cell

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8
Q

Vacuole

A

Fluid filled bag cytoplasm of most plant cells

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9
Q

Cell wall

A

Rigid layer located on the outside of the plant cells

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10
Q

DNA

A

The material found in the cells that carries the hereditary information

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11
Q

What do the cell structures have in common

A

They all have cell membranes
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Nucleus (in most eukaryotic cell)
Vacuole

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12
Q

What happens if the cytoplasm

A

Cytosol is where chemical vital chemical reactions take place

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13
Q

What does the nucleus contain

A

It contains the DNA and cell

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14
Q

What does the mitochondria combine with

A

The mitrochondrial combines with food molecules + O2️⃣=
Release energy for the cell

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15
Q

What is the typical plant cell look like

A

See on page 5 of textbook

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16
Q

What does the typical animal cell look like

A

See on page 5 of textbook

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17
Q

What’s the difference between plant cells and animal cells

A

Plant cells have cell walls and cell membranes that gives its shape and protects the cell

Animals cells have no cell wall but only have cell membrane

Plant cells are usually larger more firm and inflexible

Animal cells are smaller and have no fixed form

Plant cell has a large vacuole

Animal cell usually have no vacuole but if there is it is small

Plant cells have chloroplast

Animal cells do not have chloroplast

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18
Q

What does what do the specialised cells have

A

They all have different functions because they have different structures which allows them to have different functions

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19
Q

What are stem cells

A

Unspecialised cells which can divide and develop into many different types of specialise cells

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20
Q

What are the stem cells to the body

A

They are bodies raw material and the cells from which all other cells with specialised functions are generated

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21
Q

Where are stem cells found in what do they include

A

Stem cells are found in the bone marrow
They include:
Blood cells
Nerve cells
Muscle cells or brain cells

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22
Q

What are the different types of specialised cells

A

Epithelial cells= flat like rectangle
Muscle cells= long and spindle shaped
Nerve cells= very long with branched
ends
Red blood cells= round and biconcave
shaped

See in workbook

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23
Q

What are the functions of the specialised cell

A

Epithelial cells covered the surface of body for protection

Muscle cells contract and relax to allow the movement within the body

Nerve cells have specialised to transfer electrical impulse in the nerve that coordinate body functions

Red blood cells carry O2️⃣ and CO2️⃣ throughout the body

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24
Q

Unicellular

A

Organisms that are made up of one cell. Single celled organisms all functions performs are done in this one cell

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25
Multicellular
Organisms that is made up of multiple cells
26
Specialise cells
Cells that perform a particular function
27
What’s the difference between microscopic and microscopic organisms
Microscopic organisms are unicellular organisms because they can be seen with a microscope Microscopic organisms are multicellular organisms because they can be seen with the naked eye
28
Macroscopic organisms
Epithelial Muscle Nerve Red blood cells
29
What is the form of energy does the sun produce
Radiance energy
30
What is the form of energy does the sun produce
Radiance energy
31
What is the form of energy does the sun produce
Radiance energy
32
What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis 
Seen page 7 of natural science grade 8A textbook
33
What is Embryo
Unborn offspring in the process of development.(early development stage)
34
Gametes
Reproductive cell Sperm and egg
35
Genetic information
Inherited information that is passed down from parent of
36
Hormones
Chemicals made by glands and is responsible for the activities in the organ.
37
Pituitary gland
Structure in the brain which produces hormones
38
Secondary sexual characteristics
Change in the bodies of male and female that happened during puberty
39
Reproduction
To produce offspring
40
Menstruation
Breakdown of the lining of the uterus that contains many blood vessels
41
Ovulation
The release of ripe egg from the ovary
42
Zygote
Fertilised egg
43
Implantation
Embryo sinks into the lining of the uterus that contains many blood vessels 
44
What are the main processes of reproduction
Gross to increase size and cell Cell division which is the multiplication of cells for growth Copulation is the sexual intercourse Ovulation is the release of female gametes from the ovary
45
The female reproductive system diagram
C after the 14 April 2024 notes 
46
Male reproductive system diagram
See after 14th April notes in workbook
47
Male fraternity
Increase age Smoking Stress Poor diet Excessive exposure of testes to heat Damage to testes
48
Female infertility
Damage to ovary Blockage of fallopian tubes (Caused by STDs ) Which stand for sexually transmitted diseases It causes inflation to the eternal parts of body
49
Diagram of sperm cell
In workbook after June 23 notes
50
Diagram of egg cell
See in workbook after April 23 notes
51
Fertilisation of male
Sperm in male testes Sperm is consistently produced by self division Composes of head mid piece and tail Stored in epididymis Fuses with the egg to form a zygote
52
Fertilisation of the egg
Formed in female ovary Produced by cell divisions every 28 days Is released from the ovary during ovulation Fertilisation takes place in fallopian tube
53
Puberty in boys
Deeper voice Oily skin Increase in muscle mass Growth spurt Wider shoulders Testosterone
54
Puberty in girls
Oily skin Starts of menstruation Ovulation Growth of body hair Oestrogen Production of egg cells in ovaries
55
Alveoli
Air sacs where gaseous exchange takes place
56
Breathing
The flow of air coming in and out of lungs
57
Gaseous exchange
The exchange of gases between between the blood lungs and the cells
58
Diffusion
The movement of molecules of a substance when he goes from a high concentration to a low concentration
59
What does the alveoli consist of
Bronchiolus Capillary networks
60
Picture or diagram of respiratory system
Page 24 of text book
61
Arteries
Blood vessels transporting blood away from the heart
62
Capillaries
The smallest blood vessel in the circulatory system
63
Veins
Blood vessels transporting blood towards the heart
64
What is the main processes of the circulatory system
Circulating blood between the heart and the lungs. Blood to lungs = low in oxygen and rich in carbon dioxide Blood to heart= low in carbon dioxide and rich in oxygen The heart pumps oxygen rich blood from the lungs to every living cell in the rest of the body Gaseous exchange happens when cells do not have enough oxygen
65
Internal structure of the heart
Consist of four chambers Two upper chambers which are the atriums To lower chambers which are the ventricles Septum is the walls that separate left in the right sides preventing the mixing of deoxygenated blood and oxygenated blood Left side = oxygenated blood Right side = oxygenated blood These are the ventricles pumping blood
66
What kind of circulatory system do humans have
A close circulatory system which means the blood remains within the blood vessels
67
What is the arteries do in the circulatory system
The bring oxygen rich blood from the heart to all the body cells
68
What did the veins do in the circulatory system
They collect the deoxygenated blood and return it into the heart
69
What do the capillaries do in the circulatory system
The delicate blood vessels that transport blood between the arteries and veins
70
What is the difference between arteries capillaries and veins
Arteries transported blood away from heart two tissues Capillaries transport blood between arteries and veins Veins transport blood from tissues Arteries have oxygenated blood Capillaries have both kind of bloods Veins have deoxygenated blood Arteries blood moves at high-pressure Capillary blood move it lower pressure Veins blood moves at low pressure Arteries have no valves Capillaries have no valves Veins have blood to prevent backflow due to low pressure

Biology (5 decks)

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