Migration Flashcards
(19 cards)
- Crossing the boundary of a political or administrative unit for a certain minimum period
- Taking up residence for a certain minimum period—say 6 months or a year.
Migration
Refers to a move from one area (a province, district or municipality) to another within one country.
Internal Migration
Crossing the frontiers which separate one of the world’s approximately 200 states from another.
International Migration
- A result of the integration of local communities and national economies into global relationships.
- A cause of further social transformations in both migrant-sending and receiving countries.
Migration
Categories of migrants (8)
- Temporary labour migrants
- Highly skilled and business migrants
- Irregular migrants
- Refugees
- Asylum-seekers
- Forced migration
- Family members
- Return migrants
men and women who migrate for a limited period (from a few months to several years) in order to take up employment and send money home (remittances).
Temporary labour migrants
(also known as guest-workers or overseas contract workers)
Ppeople with qualifications as managers, executives, professionals, technicians or similar, who move within the internal labour markets of transnational corporations and international organisations, or who seek employment through international labour markets for scarce skills.
Highly skilled and business migrants
People who enter a country, usually in search of employment, without the necessary documents and permits.
Irregular migrants
(also known as undocumented or illegal migrants)
A person residing outside his or her country of nationality, who is unable or unwilling to return because of a ‘well-founded fear of persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion.’
Refugees
People who move across borders in search of protection, but who may not fulfil the strict criteria laid down by the 1951 Convention.
Asylum-seekers
In a broader sense, this includes not only refugees and asylum seekers but also people forced to move by environmental catastrophes or development projects (such as new factories, roads or dams).
Forced migration
Migration to join people who have already entered an immigration country under one of the above categories.
Family members
(also known as family reunion or family reunification migrants)
- People who return to their countries of origin after a period in another country
- Often looked on favourably as they may bring with them capital, skills and experience useful for economic development.
Return migrants
An integral part of globalisation- may be characterised as the widening, deepening and speeding up of worldwide interconnectedness in all aspects of contemporary social life
International migration
Key indicator of globalization
cross-border flows
Theories/approaches of migration
- neo-classical economic theory
- alternative economic approach
- migration systems theory
Theory that states the main cause of migration is individuals’ efforts to maximise their income by moving from low wage to high-wage economies
neo-classical economic theory
Theory that states migration cannot simply be explained by income differences between two countries, but also by factors such as chances of secure employment, availability of capital for entrepreneurial activity, and the need to manage risk over long periods.
alternative economic approach
Theory that states migration system is constituted by two or more countries which exchange migrants with each other.
migration systems theory
