Migration and the Empire (1830-1930) Flashcards
(189 cards)
1
Q
What was the lighting like within the houses in the Highlands?
A
They had very dull lights installed which would hang from the ceiling, and during the day they would have a natural source of light which came through the windows.
This meant that once it reached the night, it was very difficult to do anything as you couldn’t really see anything, which made working/doing chores very difficult to do.
2
Q
Highlands - How was the ventilation in the houses like?
A
There was no ventilation throughout the house, which often left unwanted gases, smells and diseases still within the house.
This meant that home-owners became very sick due to the bacteria coming from the house and the animals - whenever they were within the house - still remained in the air as no fresh air was able to get into the house on a regular basis.
3
Q
How safe were the houses in the highlands?
A
The houses weren’t built safely enough to hold a family as the flooring was uneven and there was very little room for any furniture to be held in.
This meant that injuries were common for house owners as there were a lot of sharp edges and unfinished parts within each house, which caused a lot of hassle for house owners especially at night. It also lacked the sense of homelyness as there wasn’t enough room for personal items or a place where everyone can be in at the same time.
4
Q
What could you find inside of the houses in the highlands?
A
Within the houses’ there was very little furniture and it wasn’t well equipped. If there was any furniture, it wouldn’t be of a good quality and would often be made from spare supplies. The rooms weren’t big and couldn’t hold many things within them, so only the absolute necessary was within each room. The flooring within the housing was rough and uneven which could cause a person to be unable to walk if they weren’t wearing their shoes
5
Q
How would you describe the diet of a person living in the highlands?
A
The food the families would make were made from the crops and products they made during the day. They were often scraps and left-overs that the land-owners didn’t want.The food was very nutritious and wasn’t enough for a person to survive on.
6
Q
How would you describe the weather in the Highlands?
A
The weather in the Highlands would often be harsh winds, cold weather and lots of heavy rain. If the rain was extremely heavy, it could be able to seep into the house through the roof as the roofs were described to be thatched and weren’t able to withstand the harsh rainfall.
7
Q
Lowlands - When was the economic depression happened and how did it affect Scots?
A
The economy went into a depression in the 1920s and 1930s which caused the country to cut down wages and jobs.
This meant that workers were attracted to other countries as they were promising good wages and new job opportunities for workers with stable living conditions.
8
Q
Lowlands - What happened to industries after WWI?
A
Heavy industries collapsed in Scotland after WWI.
This meant that thousands of heavy industry workers lost their jobs and had to seek work outside of Scotland as there were better opportunities over there
9
Q
Lowlands - What were the repercussions due to consolidation?
A
There were limited opportunities to own your own land in the Lowlands due to Consolidation.
This meant that people living in the apartments would have to share the apartments with several other families as the landlord would be hoping to collect as much money as possible regardless of the conditions the people would be living in.
10
Q
Lowlands - Where could workers find better wages?
A
Skilled workers were attracted to emigrate by higher wages abroad.
This meant that workers would move outwith the Lowlands abroad to seek out better wages for the job they do, for example textile workers would move to England to receive better wages.
11
Q
Lowlands - Where was there high demand for granite workers?
A
Granite workers from Aberdeen were in high demand for construction projects abroad.
This meant that granite workers and their families would move out of Scotland to be closer to better job opportunities which would provide stable living conditions and wages
12
Q
What occured in 1851 in Australia, which helped those in the Highlands move?
A
There was a gold rush in Australia in 1851.
This meant that there was lots of money going towards the country which meant better wages for those working in Australia which caused lots of workers to move to Australia.
13
Q
How did new technology helped people move out of the Highlands?
A
New technology like steamboats cut down the journey time to places like Canada.
This meant that the journey of moving countries wasn’t as harsh and long as it would normally be which made it easier for families with children or elderly to travel to a new country which before wasn’t possible.
14
Q
What quality were the houses in the Highlands?
A
The housing in the Highlands was of a very poor quality.
This meant that people moved elsewhere in hopes of there being better housing conditions where the houses were properly made and there weren’t several families living in one house.
15
Q
Highlands - What was the land like in New Zealand and Canada?
A
The land in Canada and New Zealand was very fertile and great for farming on.
This meant that there were more working opportunities and better pay as there were more jobs to be done on the farms as the land was always in use.
16
Q
What did the landowners do to those living on their land in the Highlands?
A
Landowners deliberately and forcibly cleared people off their lands to make room for sheep to graze. This was called the Highland Clearances.
This meant that the tenants living in the house were left without a place to live or a job as they weren’t kicked out so that the landowners could make room for the animals which would provide them with more money.
17
Q
Where did the landlords move the Scots, from the HIghlands, to?
A
Landlords in the Highlands had moved their tenants to the worst bits of land for farming, usually near the coast.
This meant that Landlords were trying to get the tenants to move out willingly by making them feel unwelcome and barely providing them with good living conditions.
18
Q
Where could Scots from the Highlands own their own land?
A
People could own their own land for the first time if they moved abroad.
This meant that they were able to get better wages elsewhere as they could be incontrol of their own piece of land which helped with having a stable wage which benefited other factors like living conditions and costs.
19
Q
Move away from the Lowlands - Why couldn’t Scots own their own land?
A
In the lowlands, big farms bought little farms so there was little chance of owning your own land.
This meant that the owners of the smaller farms were being bought out of their farm and were left no job and no chance of income until they found a new job.
20
Q
Where would young farmers stay?
A
Young farm workers lived in shared accommodation called ‘bothies’ with no privacy.
This meant that young farm workers were crammed into shared accommodation with large numbers of people with no room for themselves which caused them to leave and find work elsewhere which provided better living conditions.
21
Q
Move away from the Lowlands - Who were replaced by machinery?
A
Skilled craftsmen had been taken over by factories and machines who could produce more and quicker.
This meant that people trying to find a new job would be less successful as jobs were now being given to those who have experience and have been working for a while instead of those trying to get their first job to help with living costs.
22
Q
What did the family abroad do to help those in the Lowlands move away?
A
Some relatives who had emigrated offered to pay for the travel of family back in Scotland.
This meant that it wasn’t as expensive for people to leave Scotland as there were already families elsewhere which could help them start over somewhere else by providing them with support when they first arrive.
23
Q
What were the living conditions for Scots in the lowlands?
A
Living conditions in the slums of Glasgow and Edinburgh led to diseases spreading easily.
This meant that many of the tenants living in the slums fled to other countries in hope to find better living conditions and better medical support if they caught anything whilst living in the slums with several other families.
24
Q
What was the work like in the Lowlands?
A
Lots of lowland farm work was seasonal and people could face months with no job at all.
This meant that often farm workers would struggle through the winter seasons as they weren’t required to work as the land was infertile during those months which caused farm workers to look for other jobs which would provide a steady wage all year round.
25
What were Catholic Irish like in regards to their wages?
Catholic Irish worked for less,so the Scots saw them as driving the wages down.
This meant that Catholic Irish weren’t able to make the same amount of money as the Scots even though they worked the same job which affected their lives as they were barely making enough to live off of.
26
What was common between the Catholics and the protestants specifically in Glasgow?
Violent clashes between Catholics and Protestants in Glasgow were common.
This meant that it wasn’t safe for Catholics in the Protestant heavy cities as there was an extreme divide between the two groups.
27
Catholic Irish - What did the Church of Scotland do against the Catholics in 1923?
The Church of Scotland released anti-Catholic propaganda such as ‘The Menace of the Irish Race’ in 1923.
This meant that Catholics wouldn’t feel accepted within society as there were posters everywhere creating a false image of Catholics as they believed in something different than the Protestants did which wasn’t received right with the Protestants.
28
How were the Catholic Irish seen as when they arrived in Scotland?
Catholic Irish were seen as diseased and poor as they were sometimes in very poor condition due to escaping the famine.
This meant that due to the horrible conditions they faced in Ireland, the Catholics didn’t fully heal from the damages which caused them to appear differently than they did before the famine, which scared the Scots as it was unusual to them as they hadn't seen anything like this before.
29
Was it difficult for Catholic Irish to find jobs?
Catholic Irish were openly discriminated against in finding jobs.
This meant that it was hard for the Catholic Irish to find work and be able to keep staying in Scotland as no one was wanting to hire them which often left them without a home and food.
30
What jobs would the Catholic Irish do?
The Catholic Irish worked the hardest, most dangerous manual labour jobs such as Navvies.
This meant that the Catholic Irish had to get the jobs that the Scots and the Protestants didn’t want as they weren’t as qualified as the others to have the less dangerous jobs.
31
What did the Catholic Irish do in terms of sports?
Catholic Irish set up their own football teams such as Celtic.
This meant that the Catholic Irish weren’t allowed to be a part of groups and clubs as many people believed that they weren't capable of winning or were good enough to be a part of their team.
32
What was the education like for Catholic Irish and why was it like that?
The Catholic church set up schools for Catholic children so that they could learn safely.
This meant that it wasn’t safe for the children to be a part of the Protestant schools as they were bullied and called out for being different from the rest which left them feeling isolated within society.
33
Assimilated poorly - Was there a language barrier between the Catholics and the Scots?
They generally didn’t speak English but would speak Gaelic or Irish instead.
This meant that it was hard for them to communicate with the Scots as there was a language barrier which stopped them from understanding each other and gaining the mutual respect that the Scots shared with the Protestants as they did not have that language barrier.
34
Assimilated poorly - Did they have any likes that Scots saw as negatives in society?
Scots saw them as lowering the moral standard of the country with drinking and poverty.
This meant that Scots blamed the Catholics for bringing down the overall image of Scotland as they didn’t act the same way that the Scots did which caused them to have a negative reputation within society as they acted on their bad habits, like drinking and smoking.
35
Assimilated well - How was it for the Protestants to find employment?
They found it quite easy to find employment.
This meant that they were generally well-educated and were well trained which helped them find work and were appreciated by the Scots as they were improving the country economically through all the work that they did.
36
Assimilated well - What was the relationship like between Scots and Protestant Irish?
They married Scots quite a lot.
This meant that Protestant Irish were easily accepted into Scotland and found it easier to connect with the people as they had so many similarities with each other.
37
Assimilated well - What did the Scots have in common with the Protestant Irish?
Shared the same religion with Scottish people.
This meant that there wasn’t a religious divide when they came to Scotland as they shared the same beliefs as the Scots they would be living near, which helped them fit in more within the community.
38
Assimilated well - How much of the immigrants were Protestant?
Scots didn’t see them as threatening as they only accounted for 25% of Irish immigrants
This meant that the Scots were more welcoming towards them as they weren’t taking over jobs or housing as there weren't many of them moving to Scotland unlike the Catholic Irish were there was hundreds of them coming over.
39
Assimilated well - What was the Protestant Irish' education like?
Generally well-educated and well trained so took more skilled jobs in Scotland.
This meant that
40
How many Jews came to Scotland?
The number of Jewish immigrants was relatively small, their communities self-contained and many moved into suburb areas such as Pollokshield.
This meant that Scots generally accepted Jewish immigrants as they did not tend to worsen the housing and overcrowding situation in Scotland.
41
What was the relationship like between Jews?
Jews tended to look after one another and new immigrants by setting up a Jewish movement of “friendly societies” that served the specific health and welfare needs of the Jewish community.
This meant that Scots accepted Jewish immigrants as they were not seen to put a strain on the poor law.
42
What was the attitude of the young Jews like towards WWI?
Many young Jews were eager to answer the call to arms in their new country and volunteered to fight for Scotland during WWI
This meant that they were respected by Scots as they were prepared to risk their own life to defend Scotland, in which they were an immigrant, in warfare.
43
What was the Jews place within politics?
Jewish immigrants were involved in Scottish politics, with the majority to Jewish immigrants supporting the Labour Party in the interwar years.
This meant that Jewish immigrants gained respect from Scots for their support of the working class and involvement in trade union activities.
44
What happened with the Yiddish newspaper?
Yiddish language newspapers declined and were replaced with the english language newspapers such as the Glasgow publish Jewish Echo.
This meant that Scots were not particularly concerned about the Jewish impact on Scottish society and culture, as over time Jewish culture became more integrated with Scottish.
45
How did the Jews provide Goods for the Scots?
Jewish immigrants became established in the tailoring trade by producing affordable, quality clothing and also set up other businesses which provided goods for Scots such as watchmakers and tobacconists.
This meant that Scots benefited from the jobs that Jews did and appreciated the positive effect they had on the Scottish economy.
46
How did the Jews understand the English language?
Jewish Literary Societies were formed in Edinburgh (1888) and in Glasgow (1893), which sponsored sponsored English language classes.
This meant that Scots felt as though Jewish immigrants made an effort to assimilate into Scottish culture, by learning the language in an effort to fit in.
47
What respected professions did Jews go into?
Many Jewish immigrants were prominent in respected professions like medicine , such as Prof. Noah Morris, the first Scottish residing Jew to become chairman at the University of Glasgow in 1937.
This meant that Scots respected the work done by Jewish immigrants and viewed them as educated, intelligent and hardworking members of Scottish society.
48
Did many Jews want to stay in Scotland?
A large number of Jews chose not to reside in Scotland for long and simply passed through on their way to America.
This meant that Scots did not feel threatened by the number of Jewish immigrating to Scotland as they did not see them as permanent members of the Scottish community.
49
What were Jews labelled as in WWI?
Jewish citizens in Scotland had to register for alien status during WWI.
This meant that the Jews weren’t fully trusted and the Scots didn’t know enough about the Jews to understand which side of the war they would be on.
50
Where were Jews refused memberships to?
Many Scottish social and bowling clubs refused Jewish citizens entry or membership.
This meant that the Jewish people were isolated from the Scots as they wanted to separate themselves from the Jews that had joined their community.
51
In 1930, who tried to stir up trouble for the Jews?
Some groups such as the British Union Fascists, who one of the leaders was Scottish, made serious attempts in 1930 to stir up anti Jewish feelings in Scotland.
This meant that some Scots didn’t want the Jews in their country and made many different claims and promises to other Scots who felt the same way as them to try and force the Jewish people to move away from Scotland.
52
How did the newspapers refer to the Jews when writing about them?
Newspapers such as the Daily Record and Mail reported Jews negatively. They described Jews as an ‘alien danger: immigrants infected with loathsome disease’.
This meant that the newspaper would publicly humiliate the Jews in the articles that they published in hopes of further isolating the Jews and making them leave Scotland.
53
What happened to the Yiddish newspapers?
Many Yiddish newspapers continued to circulate in Glasgow until the eventual appearance of the English language Jewish Echo in 1928.
This meant that their culture was disappearing as they had to accept the Scottish culture or else their time within Scotland wouldn’t be as welcoming as they would have hoped as the Scots would see them as rude and ungrateful that the Scots have welcomed them into their country/town/city.
54
Where did the Jews have to live, since they didn't have much money?
Many of the early Jewish immigrants were poor and so could only afford housing in areas of Glasgow like the gorbals where poor sanctification and overcrowding was already and issue
This meant that Jewish people weren’t given the best opportunities within Scotland in comparison to the Scots as they didn’t receive the same treatment as the Scots did because the Scots didn’t believe that the Jews deserved rewards over the Scots that have lived there their whole life.
55
How was the Jews faith received within Scotland?
Jewish immigrants continued to openly practise their Jewish faith in Scotland, which was a predominantly protestant country. Orthodox Jews looked visibly different within the Scottish community due to their traditional dress
This meant that Jews were further isolated as they didn’t accept Scottish culture and religion fully which caused them to be seen differently which then in turn were treated differently as they didn’t share the same religious views.
56
What work did the Jews often agree to?
Jewish immigrants often tended to agree to work for low wages, this added to the fear that there may be an overall cut in wages for workers
This meant that Scots believed that the Jews were lowering the pay rate as they were taking all of the lower wage jobs as they were desperate for work and were scared of retaliation from the Scots.
57
What repuatation did some Jewish shop owners gain?
Some Jewish business owners often gained a reputation as harsh ‘masters’, offering poor working conditions
This meant that they gained a negative reputation within Scotland as they weren’t portrayed positively within their community due to their disadvantage coming into Scotland and the difference the two groups of people have - the Scots and the Jews.
58
What shops did Italians open when they came into Scotland?
Many Italian immigrants opened up fish and chip shops.
This meant that Scots liked Italians as they provided cheap, tasty and easy food.
59
Did Italians change their name to suit when in Scotland?
Some second-generation Italians changed their names to sound more Scottish.
This meant that Italians made an effort to fit in with Scots which was appreciated by Scots.
60
What was set up to provide Italians with business loan?
In 1891 the Societa di Mutto Soccorso was set up by Italian immigrants to provide business loans for Italians.
This meant that Scots viewed Italians as less of a drain on the Poor Law as they generally looked after each other without help from Scots.
61
Did Italians provide barbers and hairdressing business when they moved into Scotland?
Many Italians opened barber shops and hairdressers in Scotland.
This meant that Scots liked Italians as they provided useful services for the Scots.
62
Who did the Italians employ in their businesses?
Many Italians employed their own families in their businesses.
This meant that Italians were seen as less of a negative influence as they were capable of helping each other to establish profitable businesses.
63
Were many Italians self-employed?
Many Italians were self-employed and ran small businesses.
This meant that Scots saw Italians as less of a threat in the labour market as they rarely competed for the same jobs.
64
When were Italian cafes open until?
Some Italian cafes and restaurants were open late at night.
This meant that Scots liked that Italians offered a sober alternative to pubs and clubs for young people to socialise.
65
What language was Italian children encouraged to speak?
Many Italian families encouraged their children to learn English and only spoke Italian in the home.
This meant that Italians were able to mix socially with Scots more easily and form good relationships from a young age.
66
What were Italians seen as?
Italians were seen as hard-working.
This meant that Scots respected Italians and saw them as contributing to Scotland’s economy.
67
How did the Scots feel about the Italian cafes staying open until late?
The Scots disliked how late the Italians shops were as they belived that it encouraged drunken behaviour in young people.
This tells us that the Scots weren’t trusting of the way the Italians were running their business as they thought it was creating a bad influence over the young people as having the cafe open till late was encouraging drinking and reckless behaviour at night.
68
How did the Italians high work ethic affect their relationships with the Scots?
Due to their high work ethic, many Italians simply didn’t have time to socialise with Scots which caused Scots to believe that the Italians didn't want to get to know them.
This tells us that there was still a divide between the two groups as the Scots didn’t believe that the Italians were wanting to be a part of the community and were just there for work and money, which made the Italians more isolated within Scotland and their community.
69
Did Italians still speak their original language?
Many Italians spoke good English, but some kept on the traditions of their homeland and continued to speak Italian, in and out of the home.
This tells us that the Scots were cautious of the Italians as they continued to speak in a language that the Scots didn’t understand which made them believe that the Italians weren't fully accepting of the Scottish culture.
70
How did Italians staying close together affect their image in the eyes of the Scots?
Many Italians were viewed with suspicion by Scots as they largely kept to themselves and only ever really mixed in their own Italian communities.
This tells us that the Scots didn’t trust the Italians as they weren’t as welcoming as the Scots were to them when they arrived which caused Scots to be wary of the Italians as they didn’t know what the Italians were thinking.
71
Were Scots fans of the Italian immigrants?
Not all Scots were fans of the Italian immigrants.
This tells us that the Scots weren’t welcoming to the Italians coming into Scotland and weren’t accepting of the interruption to society that the Italians would cause when they arrived and had settled into the cities.
72
Were Lithuanian immigrants involved in strikes?
Lithuanians became involved in the trade union movement and joined in strikes with Scottish workers.
This meant that the Scots could see how much the Lituanians were appreciative of what they had done for them and would help support them like how the Scots supported them when they first moved to Scotland, which caused Scots to have more respect for them as they wanted equal pay for both Lituanians and Scots.
73
What happened after Lithuanians stopped working in the mines?
Lithuanians began to set up their own businesses and stopped working in the mines.
This meant that there were more job opportunities available for Scots as new jobs arose with the new business and also the work that the Lithuanians left behind.
74
Where did Lithuanians learn english?
Lithuanian children went to Scottish schools and learned to speak English.
This meant that they were accepting of Scottish culture and were open to the idea of being a part of their community which caused the Scots to be more welcoming as they could see all the effort the Lithuanians were putting in.
75
Which Churches looked after the Lithuanian immigrants?
The Catholic Church, like the Holy Family Church in Mossend, looked after Lithuanian immigrants.
This meant that the immigrants were looked after and were offered places in society to express their religion with those who share them the same which helped Scots become more aware of other cultures and traditions from other people.
76
Were Lithuanians able to receive higher education?
Second-generation Lithuanians began to go to university and gain professional qualifications.
This meant that Scots could see the potential that many Lithuanians had and were able to benefit from the work that they would achieve, like when they opened a new business or discovered a new thing, which would all positively impact Scotland as a whole.
77
What did Lithuanians do during WWI?
Many Lithuanians left during WWI as they were called up to fight for Russia.
This meant that Scots respected the Lithuanians as they fought for their country and helped the men fighting win the war.
78
Was there many Lithuanians immigrants coming into Scotland?
Lithuanians were relatively small in number so they didn’t attract nearly as much negative attention as other groups such as the Catholic Irish.
This tells us that there weren't many Lithuanians that moved into Scotland which pleased the Scots as there wasn’t much competition between the two groups for work, which caused them to be more welcoming towards the Lituanians.
79
Did Lithuanians infer with the strikes in the coal mines?
They were seen as ‘strike-breakers’ by Scots as they would be employed during the Scots’ striking activities.
This meant that the Scots weren’t accepting of the Lithuanians as they didn’t support the Scots and decided to steal their work whilst they were on strike.
80
Who campaigned against the Lithuanians?
Some Scots politicians campaigned against Lithuanians staying in Scotland permanently.
This meant the Lithuanians weren’t welcomed into Scotland and had people in power wanting to get rid of them.
81
Why did many Lithuanians move to Scotland?
Most Lithuanians that came to live in Scotland were escaping extreme poverty.
This meant that the Scots believed that the Lithuanians were abusing their right to be in Scotland as they were taking money by working jobs and were getting housing that could have been given to a Scot instead.
82
Relating to work, why did Scots dislike the Lithuanians?
Many Scots disliked Lithuanians as there were prepared to work for less pay than the Scots.
This meant that the Scots saw them as bringing down the economy as they were willing to take the lower income jobs and work for less.
83
What religion did the Lithanians believe in?
They were devoutly Catholic in a Protestant land.
This meant that the Scots didn’t accept them into their community as they didn’t share the same faith and didn’t share the same values as the Protestants did.
84
What would Lithuanians be called by Scots?
Lithuanians were routinely referred to as "Poles" or “Russians”.
This meant that the Scots didn’t accept the Lithuanians within their community and wouldn’t refer to them as Lithuanians or even Scottish Lithuanians as they saw only the Empire that they came from and the difference in where they are originally from.
85
Why did Lithuanians change their name?
Lithuanian names that were difficult to pronounce were changed by Scottish government officials without permission.
This meant that the Scots aren't accepting of the Lithuaninan culture and had forced the Lithuanians to leave behind their lithuanians roots and change their name as the Scots didn’t feel like learning how to pronounce their names.
86
How long did Lithaunians celebrations and weddings last for?
Lithuanian weddings and celebrations lasted several days.
This meant that the Scots saw them as drunks as well as lazy as their celebrations lasted several days and put a hold on their work. Their way of celebrating was different to Scots which added to the separation between the two cultures.
87
What did Lithuanians have to register as during WWI?
Lithanians were made to register as aliens during WWI.
This meant that the Scots still hadn’t accepted them within their community which caused them to be further isolated and were labelled by the Scots as aliens as they weren’t accepted as Scots.
88
What were Lithuanians considered to be by the Scots?
The Lithuanians were considered Russians to the British government, and as such, were liable for service in the Russian army and forced to join it rather than the British army.
This meant that the Scots still didn’t accept the Lithuanians as part of their country so the Lithuanians who were to fight had to fight under the name of a different country and King.
89
After WWI, what happened to many of the Lithuanians living in Scotland?
After WWI many Lithuanians were forced to leave Scotland as the British government withdrew financial support for Lithunanian women and children.
This meant that the Scots didn’t want to waste any more of Scotland’s money on the Lithuanians as they still didn’t see them as a part of their community which forced the Lithuanians to leave Scotland and find support and shelter elsewhere.
90
Why did the Scots become suspicious of the Lithuanians?
The British people and government started to become suspicious that Lithianans supported Communism.
This meant that Lithuanians were accused of being communists which caused them to be isolated and avoided by Scots as communism wasn’t accepted or welcomed within Scotland.
91
Were Scottish Lithuanians able to be a part of Scottish social clubs?
Scotland Lithuanaians mixed only at work, as in all other spheres were separate and distinct as they were denied entry to Scottish social clubs.
This tells us that Scots weren’t allowing the Lithuanians into their social clubs and would deny their access to events and parties, so they would only have to see the Lithuanians at work.
92
New Zealand (Economy & Enterprise)
How did Scots help with the development of sheep and mixed farming?
Scots were skilled farmers and influenced the development of New Zealand through sheep and mixed farming.
This meant that the Kiwis were thankful for the help Scots offered with farming as in Scotland farming was a key part of its culture and economy.
93
New Zealand (Economy & Enterprise)
How did Scots aid the financial industry?
Scots founded banks and financial institutions to develop the country.
This meant that Scots helped improve the overall economy of New Zealand and helped stabilise the country financially.
94
New Zealand (Economy & Enterprise)
What were the names of the streets in which the Scots helped build?
Many of Dunedin’s buildings were designed by Scots. The street names of Dunedin are the same as many street names in Edinburgh, such as Princes Street.
This meant that Scots were able to have a sense of home whilst being in New Zealand as streets were named in hopes of the Scots feeling welcomed in New Zealand.
95
New Zealand (Economy & Enterprise)
What did Scots help found for New Zealand's science industry?
A Scot founded the Geological Survey Of New Zealand and managed New Zealand’s premier scientific society.
- This meant that Scots introduced new things to their economy which helped improve their knowledge and introduced new pathways for New Zealand that helped them in the scientific industr
- This meant that Scots introduced new things to their economy which helped improve their knowledge and introduced new pathways for New Zealand that helped them in the scientific industry develop new ideas.
96
New Zealand (Culture & Religion)
Were the Scots successful in converted the native Maori's religion?
Scottish missionaries attempted to convert native Maori to Christianity with little success.
- This meant that Scots were educating the people about a different religion and was allowing them to understand different peoples views and beliefs.
97
New Zealand (Culture & Religion)
Name an example of a place in New Zealand that had Scottish roots and heritage
In Otago the main river, the Clutha, is the ancient name for the River Clyde in Glasgow, so place names have Scottish roots and heritage.
This meant that the ‘Kiwi’s’ were honouring all the hard work Scots put into their country and were appreciative of all the opportunities Scots introduced to.
98
New Zealand (Culture & Religion)
What does Dunedin mean in Gaelic?
What did it develop into?
Dunedin is Gaelic for ‘Edinburgh’ and was developed as Protestant colony in New Zealand.
This meant that Scots were able to have a community whilst in New Zealand, and could build new relationships with other Scots sharing the same experiences as them.
99
New Zealand (Impact on Native People)
How did Scots introduce education to girls in New Zealand?
The first high school for girls in Otago opened in 1871 due to the efforts of a Scot.
This meant that Scots introduced the idea that girls were capable of being taught in school and deserved the chance of an education and the same opportunities that a boy would get.
100
New Zealand (Impact on Native People)
Did Scots have a good relationship with the Native Maori?
Relationships with native Maori people were not good. Scots took land for farming.
This meant that the Maori people weren’t accepting of the Scots as the Scots were taking away the land that many of the Maori people were working on, leaving them without a job.
101
New Zealand (Famous Emigrants)
What helped improve the relationship between the Maori and the Scots?
Treaty of Waitingi improved relationships between the Maori and Scots, this treaty was developed by James Busby, a Scot.
This meant that the Maori’s could see the effort Scots were putting in to fit into their new home and were willing to find a way to settle their differences and build new relationships.
102
New Zealand (Famous Emigrants)
What did William Davidson pioneer?
William Davidson, a Scot, pioneered shipping frozen and refrigerated food across the world through the New Zealand and Australia land company. The first shipment of frozen lamb from New Zealand was in 1882.
This meant that Scots helped New Zealand gain a place in society and build many new connections around the world through providing frozen foods.
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New Zealand (Famous Emigrants)
What industry did Peter and David Duncan developed their business in?
Peter and David Duncan, originally from Forfar, developed a successful business in Agricultural implements in Christchurch.
This meant that Scots launched New Zealand’s agricultural industry and helped them gain a stance in the industry and gain new connections with other countries.
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Canada (Economy & Enterprise)
How did Scots help the fiancial industry?
Scots founded many banks, including the Bank of Montreal.
This meant that Scots aided Canada in their finances and improved many Canadians' lives by ensuring their finances were correct and was enough to keep them from falling into poverty.
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Canada (Economy & Enterprise)
How did Scots dominate the fur trade?
Scots dominated the fur trade through the employment of lots of Scots in Hudson Bay Company.
This meant that job opportunities were available for Scots which helped them assimilate well into Canada.
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Canada (Economy & Enterprise)
How did Scots improve the farming in Canada?
Scots brought new farming techniques to Canada.
This meant that Scots helped improve the agricultural industries and made farming easier for Canadian farmers through new techniques that Scots have shared with them.
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Canada (Culture & Religion)
How did Scots help with education in Canada?
Scots established educational institutions such as McGill University in Montreal.
This meant that Scots were opening up new opportunities for students to help improve their future and give them the opportunity to do something that previously wasn’t available to them.
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Canada (Culture & Religion)
What traditions did Scots established whilst in Canada?
Scots established traditions such as Highland Games, tartan and playing of bagpipes across Canada.
This meant that Canadians were welcoming to Scottish cultures and traditions and allowed them to be able to celebrate where they came from in their new home.
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Canada (Culture & Religion)
What is Nova Scotia?
Nova Scotia was founded as a Scottish colony, literally meaning ‘New Scotland’ in Latin.
This meant that Canadians wanted to make a place to honour all the work Scots did to help improve their country.
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Canada (Culture & Religion)
What language was mainly used in Nova
Scotia?
(try to avoid this knowledge point)
Gaelic language was spread and spoken widely in Nova Scotia.
This meant that Canadians were open to the idea of expanding their knowledge and understanding of different cultures so they were very welcome to the idea of Gaelic.
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Canada (Culture & Religion)
What were many places in Canada named after?
Many place names, both natural and man-made, are named after places in Scotland and were named by Scots.
This meant that Canadians were thankful for all that the Scots had done for them and wanted to make them feel welcomed by having a sense of home be brought to Canada.
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Canada (Famous Emigrants)
What was Sir John Macdonald's role in politics?
Sir John Macdonald became the first Prime Minister of Canada, he was a Scottish emigrant.
This meant that Canadians allowed Scots to hold influence over the way their country was run and allowed Sir John Macdonald to improve their country in the best way possible/influenced politics.
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Canada (Famous Emigrants)
What was the role of a Presbyterian minister?
Presbyterian ministers, usually Scots, played an important role as the head of society in many towns.
This meant that Canadians were accepting of Scottish culture and were allowing them to introduce their religion to them.
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Canada (Famous Emigrants)
What did George Stephen create?
George Stephen, a Scottish emigrant, created the Canadian Pacific Railroad.
This meant that Scots were opening up Canada to new opportunities as they developed new methods of transportation that would help open Canada up to new places.
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Canada (Famous Emigrants)
In politics, what did many Scots become?
Many Scots were Governors of Canada.
This meant that Canadians trusted Scots enough to give them power over the country and help them make decisions to better improve their country.
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India (Economy & Enterprise)
What development did Scots oversee?
Scots oversaw the development of large tea plantations.
This meant that Scots were allowed the opportunity to spearhead an industry that was very popular within India which benefited India's industries.
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India (Economy & Enterprise)
How did Scots rise to power?
Scots were widely employed in the hugely powerful East India Company and rose to positions of power within the company before 1830.
This meant that Scots were given the opportunity to help India’s companies grow and expand, allowing them to branch out into different industries.
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India (Economy & Enterprise)
How did Scots help India financially?
Scots were vital in establishing a banking system in India.
This meant that Scots helped Indians financially and gave them support to ensure they can provide for their family and wouldn’t fall into poverty.
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India (Economy & Enterprise)
What did the Scots help develop in the Calcutta region?
Scots helped to develop the Jute industry in the Calcutta region.
This meant that Scots helped India provide Jute to other countries, providing them with more connections and improved the success for India overall.
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India (Culture & Religion)
Once 1830, did Scots adopted India's culture?
Up to 1830, many Scots adopted local customs, traditions and habits.
This meant that Indians were very welcoming to the Scots as they were willing to get to know the Indian’s customs so that they could fit in better.
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India (Culture & Religion)
What did Scottish missionaries spread throughout India?
Scottish missionaries spread the word of God throughout India and converted many native people to Christianity.
This meant that Indians were open to the idea of other religions and were willing to explore and learn about different beliefs.
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India (Culture & Religion)
How did Scots improve education in India?
Scots developed elite schools and universities in India, such as Bombay Scottish School.
This meant that Scots were helping the next generation evolve and be able to go to new lengths that weren’t an option previously.
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India (Impact on Native People)
What did Scots manage to abolish?
Scots were vital in abolishing suttee/sati (human sacrifice) and thuggee (ritual murder).
This meant that Scots were able to show the Indians that there was no place for violence within society and that suttee and thuggee was something that shouldn’t have a place in today’s society.
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India (Impact on Native People)
What did Scottish soldiers attempt to put down in 1857?
Scottish soldiers were brutal in their attempts to put down the 1857 mutiny, and many other smaller-scale disputes.
This meant that Scots weren’t given the best reputation as they were seen as brutal and violent when trying to dissolve arguments and fights.
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India (Impact on Native People)
What happened after British customs were introduced?
Introduction of British customs and traditions by Scots led to a mutiny in 1857.
This meant that Indians weren’t pleased about how much of Scottish culture was being brought into India that affected Indian culture which wasn’t portrayed well with the Indians.
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India (Impact on Native People)
How did Scots improve the lives of Indian women?
Scots brought new ideas about ways in which women were viewed and established educational settings for women.
This meant that Scots introduced the idea that women were equal to men and impacted many lives, allowing women to experience new opportunities and gain a place within society.
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India (Famous Emigrants)
What did James Andrew Broun-Ramsay become in 1830?
James Andrew Broun-Ramsay (or 1st Marquess/Earl of Dalhousie) was Governor General of India in 1830.
This meant that Indians intrusted James Broun-Ramsay enough to give him power over India to help make India a better place for everyone and could provide India with better connections.
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Australia (Economy & Enterprise)
What were Scots heavily involved in which was founded in New South Wales?
Scots were heavily involved in the spread of sheep farming in New South Wales.
This meant that Scots influenced Australians to seek out many opportunities that sheep farming could provide for them.
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Australia (Economy & Enterprise)
What industry was Scots vital in developing?
Scots were vital in developing the wine industry in Australia.
This meant that Scots were welcomed into Australia as they had introduced something new to society which could benefit Australia as the product was in high demand elsewhere in the world.
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Australia (Economy & Enterprise)
What type of firm did Scots dominate?
Scots dominated many shipping firms in Australia.
This meant that Scots helped build relationships and alliances between countries through improving Australia’s shipping firms.
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Australia (Culture & Religion)
What were Scots key in establishing?
Scots were key in establishing education in Australia with schools like Scots College.
This meant that Scots were helping the next generation evolve and be able to go into new occupations and pathways that weren’t an option before.
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Australia (Culture & Religion)
What was spread throughout Australia by John Dunmore Lang?
Presbyterian Church spread by John Dunmore Lang.
This meant that Scots were educating the people about a different religion and was allowing them to understand different peoples views and beliefs, allowing them to seek out a new religion if their beliefs are similar to those in the Presbyterian Church.
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Australia (Impact on Native People)
How did the Scots treat the native Aborigines?
Scots treated the native Aborigines terribly. They took their land from them.
This meant that Scots didn’t have a good relationship with the native Aborigines which gave them a bad reputation throughout the country
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Australia (Impact on Native People)
What happened in Warrigal Creek that Scots were involved in?
Scots were heavily involved in the massacre of 150 native Aborigines in Warrigal Creek.
This meant that Scots were seen as dangerous and didn’t receive a good reputation as they were involved in the murder of many of the native people.
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Australia (Famous Emigrants)
Who was known as 'The Father of Australian Comerce'?
Robert Campbell from Greenock played such an important role in developing Australian trade that he was known as ‘The father of Australian Commerce’.
This meant that Scots had such an impact on Australia that those who pioneered change were acknowledged for their work and commemorated for all that they did.
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Australia (Famous Emigrants)
What did Alexander MacRae invent?
Alexander MacRae, born in Scotland, founded the ‘MaRae and Company Hosiery’ and invented Speedos in Australia.
This meant that Scots created something new that was created within Australia which improved the image of Australia as technically the invention of speedos happened in Australia.
137
Australia (Famous Emigrants)
Who became Prime Minister in 1908?
Andrew Fisher became Prime Minister of Australia in 1908.
This meant that Australians were welcoming to change and were allowing a Scot to have some influence over how the country is run.
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Australia (Famous Emigrants)
Who was considered to found Australia's sheep industry?
John Macarthur is considered to be a founder of Australia’s sheep industry.
This meant that Scots pioneered the sheep industry and helped Australia improve in their agricultural industries and provide the country with more money.
139
Australia (Famous Emigrants)
Who founded Melbourne Iron Works?
Melbourne Iron Works were founded by John Buncle, from Edinburgh.
This meant that Scots improved Australia’s heavy industry and provided them with additional support in their work.
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Jews impact on Scotland (society)
What did Jewish immigrants bring to Scotland and where was this commonly found?
Jewish immigrants brought Yiddish to Scotland. Newspapers, posters and signs in the Gorbals were commonly in Yiddish.
This meant that Scotland became more diverse through the introduction of Yiddish in the media.
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Jews Impact on Scotland (society)
How did Jews impact politics?
Jews were active in joining Scottish political parties and participating in democracy, particularly the Labour Party.
This meant that politics were developing in Scotland as Jews shared their ideas about how the country should run.
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Jews Impact on Scotland (society)
What was formed in 1914 which helped improve relations with Scots and other religious groups?
The Glasgow Jewish Representative Council was formed in 1914 to faster good relationships with local Scots and other religious groups.
This meant that Scotland was able to gain a good reputation due to its inclusitivity for all religions.
143
Jews Impact on Scotland (society)
Where were poorer Jews forced to seek accomodation?
Poorer Jews fleeing Russia were forced to seek accomodation in the already crowded city slums of the Gorbals.
This meant that there was an increase in competition for houses within Scotland as there wasn’t much work available for Scots to be able to afford the nicer houses due to the number of Jews fleeing Russia.
144
Jews Impact on Scotland (society)
Who was the first ever graduate from the University of Glasgow for music?
Isaac Hirshow became the first ever graduate in Music from the University of Glasgow in 1938.
This meant that
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Jews Impact on Scotland (culture)
Who helped build and fundraise for a synagogue in Edinburgh?
Dr Salis Baiches helped to build and raise funds for the synagogue in Edinburgh.
This meant that Scotland was becoming more inclusive by allowing different religions a place in society, which improved Scotland’s culture.
146
Jews Impact on Scotland (culture)
When was the first synagogue built?
The first synagogue was built in Garnethill in 1888.
This meant that it introduced new religion into Scottish culture, allowing the country to become more inclusive.
147
Jews Impact on Scotland (culture)
What did Jews from Eastern Countries bring over?
Jews from Eastern European countries brought their own foods such as Jewish bread, called Challah.
This meant that Scotland's culture was able to evolve due to influence from other countries and their culture.
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Jews Impact on Scotland (culture)
Who was one of the twentieth centruy leading artists in Scotland?
Benno Schotz was an Estonian-born Scottish sculptor, and one of twentieth century Scotland's leading artists.
This meant that
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Jews Impact on Scotland (business)
What was Ralph Glasser famous for?
Ralph Glasser was the son of a Jewish immigrant and was a famous Scottish psychologist and economist.
This meant that due to the efforts of immigrants, Scotland gained recognition for all their accomplishments, improving Scotland's reputation.
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Jews Impact on Scotland (business)
What types of businesses did Jews establish?
Jews established businesses such as tailors, butchers and bakeries, employing Scots.
This meant that Scotland benefited from the work done by the business, and improved culture in Scotland by introducing new things to society.
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Jews Impact on Scotland (business)
Where did Sir Isaas Wolfson grow up?
Sir Isaac Wolfson, a hugely successful Scottish Jewish businessman, was born and grew up in the Gorbals.
This meant that
152
Italians Impact on Scotland (society)
What movement did Italians help run?
Italian run cafes helped the Temperance (anti-alcohol) Movement gain huge popularity in Scotland.
This meant that Italians helped improve Scotland's image by helping stop alcohol consumption through the Temperance Movement.
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Italians Impact on Scotland (society)
When was the Italian College of Hairdressers founded?
The Italian College of Hairdressers was founded in 1928 in Glasgow.
This meant that Scotland was able to expand its industries through the introduction of the College of Hairdressers and allowed Scots the opportunity to do something different.
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Italians Impact on Scotland (culture)
What was establish in Scotland because of the amount of restuarants and cafes owned by Italians?
The ‘Italian Cafe’ culture was established in Scotland due to the hundreds of restaurants and cafes owned by Italians in Scotland.
This meant that culture in Scotland was developing as culture was being influenced by immigrants sharing their culture with Scots.
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Italians Impact on Scotland (culture)
What foods did Italians bring to Scotland?
Italians brought foods such as pasta and pizza to Scotland with them.
This meant that Italians introduced new foods to Scottish culture, improving its culture and Scots lifestyle.
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Italians Impact on Scotland (culture)
What was Nardini's?
Nardini’s in Largs was a hugely popular ice-cream shop, employing lots of local Scots.
This meant that
157
Italians Impact on Scotland (culture)
What did Sir Eduardo Paolozzi found?
Sir Eduardo Paolozzi, was born in Leith in 1924 and founded the British Pop Art movement.
This meant that
158
Italians Impact on Scotland (economy)
What type of businesses did Italians set up?
Many Italians set up their own family-run businesses such as chip shops.
This meant that there was less competition for jobs, leaving many jobs available for Scots to take as well as developing more culture into Scotland.
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Italians Impact on Scotland (economy)
What was Giacomo Coia, the founder of Gillespie, Kidd and Coia, famous for?
Giacomo Coia was a founder of Gillespie, Kidd and Coia, a hugely successful architecture firm in Scotland famous for building Catholic churches.
This meant that religion within Scotland, specifically Catholic, spread further throughout Scotland due to the new churches being built by the Italians.
160
Italians Impact on Scotland (economy)
When was Valvona and Crolla founded?
Valvona and Crolla, a popular delicatessen and wine merchant, was founded in Edinburgh in 1934.
This meant that
161
Irish Impact on Scotland (society)
What did Catholic Irish become heavily involved in?
Catholic Irish became heavily involved in the trade movement and the Labour Party after its founding in 1906.
This meant that Scotland's politics was developing as it was being influenced by other countries and the political systems and the laws that they used.
162
Irish Impact on Scotland (society)
What was John Wheatly a leading figure for?
John Wheatley was a leading figure in the Red Clydeside era. He set up the Catholic Socialist Society and becoame a Minister in the first Labour Government.
This meant that politics within Scotland imporoved as they allowed for different viewpoints about the leadership of the country to be heard and considered.
163
Irish Impact on Scotland (society)
What type of marches did the Catholic Irish particpate in?
Catholic Irish immigrants particpated in 'Home Rule' marches during the 1920s. These were often
scenes of violent clashe with police and others.
This meant that Scotland became a divided country due to the differences between the Catholic Irish and law enforcements, leaving many people conflicted about staying in Scotland.
164
Irish Impact on Scotland (society)
What was estabished in the 1920s due to pressure for Catholic Irish immigrants?
In the 1920s, the Catholic schooling system was established in Scotland due to pressure from Catholic Irish immigrants.
This meant that education was improving in Scotland due to the diversity of education available in Scotland.
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Irish Impact on Scotland (cuture)
What traditions did Protestant Irish bring over?
Protestant Irish brought over traditions such as Orange Order marches.
This meant that Scotland's culture was being influenced by traditions that were being brought over by immigrants.
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Irish Impact on Scotland (culture)
What caused violence to increase in Scotland?
The presence of Catholic Irish immigrants meant that sectarian violence increased.
This meant that Scotland became a dangerous place due to the conflicts between Scots and Catholic Irish, causing many people to avoid moving to Scotland.
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Irish Impact on Scotland (culture)
What did Catholic Irish found in Glasgow and in Edinburgh?
Catholic Irish immigrants founded Celtic Football Club in Glasgow and Hiberian Football Club in Edinburgh.
This meant that Scotland was becoming more diverse, the more they allowed immigrants to show their culture and have a safe place to do it.
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Irish Impact on Scotland (culture)
What did Protestant Irish found in Edinburgh?
Protestant Irish immigrants founded the Heart of Midlothian in Edinburgh.
This meant that
169
Irish Impact on Scotland (economy)
How did Catholic Irish immigrants help establish heavy industry in Scotland?
Catholic Irish immigrants found work in the Clyde's shipyards, helping to establish the vital industry in Scotland.
This meant that Scotland was able to venture further into the heavy industry through the development of shipyards.
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Irish Impact on Scotland (economy)
What did the cheap labour offered by Irish immigrants help build?
Cheap Irish labour allowed Scotland’s network of canals and railways to be built.
This meant that the industrial revolution was able to take place in Scotland as well as improve Scotland's heavy industries.
171
Irish Impact on Scotland (economy)
Where was Protestant Irish able to find work?
Protestant Irish were able to find work in the shipyards of the Clyde.
This meant that Protestant Irish helped establish Glasgow's reputation as a shipbuilding city.
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Irish Impact on Scotland (economy)
How did Catholic Irish help fuel Scotland's heavy industry?
Catholic Irish immigrants worked in the coal mines of Scotland, this helped to fuel Scotland’s heavy industries.
This meant that Catholic Irish helped improve Scotland's heavy industry.
173
Lithuanians Impact on Scotland (society)
What happened to Lihuanians after WWI?
Lithuanians largely disappeared from Scotland after WWI when they were registered as ‘aliens’ or conscripted into the Russian army.
This meant that Scotland wasn't welcoming to Lithuanians and wasn't seen as a safe place for many immigrants, leaving Scotland with a bad reputation.
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Lithuanians Impact on Scotland (culture)
What increased in Scotland due to Catholic Lithuanians?
Lithuanian’s Catholic religion increased sectarianism in Scotland, particularly in areas such as Lanarkshire.
This meant that Scotland seemed unwelcoming to anyone who didn't share the same religion as Scots, causing immigrants to avoid moving to Scotland.
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Lithuanians Impact on Scotland (culture)
What is the Lithuanian Festival?
In 1905 there was the Lithuanian Festival in Glasgow - which had displays of folk music, dance and traditional songs.
This meant that Lithuanian culture was celebrated throughout Scotland, allowing Scotland's culture to be inspired by other cultures.
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Lithuanians Impact on Scotland (culture)
What newspaper did Lithuanians create when they were in Scotland?
Lithuanians established their own newspaper in Scotland, ‘Immigrant’s Friend’, in 1904 in Glasgow.
This meant that Scotland's culture was influenced by allowing other cultures a place in Scotland's society.
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Lithuanians Impact on Scotland (economy)
Where did Lithuanians offer cheap labour?
Cheap labour offered by Lithuanian immigrants in mining.
This meant that the Industrial Revolution could take place due to Scotland's coal mines and the effort put in by LIthuanian immigrants.
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The Empire's Impact on Scotland (positive)
What did the Empire provide for Scottish factories?
The Empire provided raw materials for Scottish factories. For example, jute from India was processed in Dundee.
- This meant that Scotland benefited from its connection to the empire as the Empire provided materials that weren't able to be made within Scotland
- This meant that Scotland’s heavy industry was reliant on trading with the Empire as many materials were unable to be made in Scotland and had to be found elsewhere.
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The Empire's Impact on Scotland (positive)
How did the British control the Empire?
The British Empire needed a strong military to control the Empire.
This meant that thousands employment opportunities were available for Scots within the army, which improved Scotland’s control over the Empire.
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The Empire's Impact on Scotland (positive)
What industry was fuelled by Scotlands need to trade with the Empire?
Shipbuilding in Scotland was fuelled by the need for ships to trade with the Empire.
This meant that the introduction of shipbuilding allowed Scotland to gain new connections through trading around the world.
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The Empire's Impact on Scotland (positive)
How did Glasgow become the 'Second City of the Empire'?
Glasgow became the ‘Second City of the Empire’ based on heavy industries very connected to the Empire such as coal, iron and steel.
This meant that Scotland was able to benefit from the materials sent by the Empire, to which they could send elsewhere to provide Scotland with more money.
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The Empire's Imact on Scotland (positive)
What did the Irish provide for Scotland's industries?
Irish immigrants provided a cheap workforce for Scotland’s industries.
This meant that Scotland could benefit from the cheap work provided by Irish immigrants, which allowed for more money to go into the industries.
183
The Empire's Impact on Scotland (positive)
What was exported over to India?
Trains built in Glasgow were exported over to India.
This meant that
184
The Empire's Impact on Scotland (negative)
What was the brain drain?
The best of Scotland’s young talent left the country to find their fortunes in the Empire. This is called the ‘brain drain’.
This meant that Scotland’s connection to the Empire allowed Scots to seek out better professions and educational opportunities, causing Scotland to lose the potential opportunities that the young talent could have in Scotland.
185
The Empire's Impact on Scotland (negative)
What caused competition for Scotland?
The Empire provided competition for Scottish industries, for example Australian and New Zealand wool.
This meant that after WWI, Scotland’s heavy industries collapsed as Scotland’s industries weren’t strong enough to compete against other countries.
186
The Empire's Impact on Scotland (negative)
How did thousands of Scots die?
Thousands of Scottish men died in WWI and other conflicts connected to the Empire.
This meant that Scotland began to steer away from the Empire due to all of the negatives that was connected to the Empire, which had caused damage to Scotland.
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The Empire's Impact on Scotland (negative)
What did the Empire provide for Scots in the Highlands?
The Empire provided an outlet for emigration from the Highlands. As more and more people emigrated away from the Highlands, they left the area in severe poverty.
This meant that as more and more Scots emigrated away from the Highlands, the Scots had left parts of Scotland in severe poverty, affecting Scotland's culture and economy.
188
The Empire's Impact on Scotland (negative)
Why did Scots leave Scotland?
Scots found jobs all over the different countries of the Empire.
This meant that
189
The Empire's Impact on Scotland (negative)
What increased in Scotland?
Irish immigrants increased sectarianism in Scotland.
This meant that
