Migration & Empire - Questions Flashcards
(6 cards)
Push factors which contributed to the emigration of Scots
-Poor quality housing - black houses, overcrowded, damp
-Sheep farming - more profitable
-Declining kelp industry - coast livers, no income
-highland clearances - Rich land owners forced families off their estate
-potatoe Blight - famine, move so not starve
-Agricultural revolution - fewer jobs available
-Rising land costs
-Farm work - long hours, low pay, all weather,few days off
Scot’s reactions to Irish immigrants
-repelled by Irish poverty
-Blamed for lowering wages - many strike breakers in coal mining
-angry at cost of running Catholic schools, responsibility of the state
-Thought Catholic Church would take over - Catholics wanted ‘home rule’, protestant didn’t
-Believed they were alcoholics and violent
-Scot press focused on Irish crimes over Scots crimes
-scottish protestant workers didn’t like that Irish catholic workers accepted lower wages
-Spread of the orange order was an expression of prejudice against Irish Catholics
Scot’s impact on the empire
-development of uni education in Canada - helped build schools e.g. McGill uni, uni of Toronto
-Development of political life in Canada - John A.Macdonald, first prime minister of Canada, helped guide Canada to independence in 1867
-Contributed to economy of New Zealand - David Munro developed sheep farming in New Zealand
-Contributed to architecture with building skills - skilled stonemasons from Aberdeen essential in cutting granite for the Sydney Harbour Bridge
-Maintained military presence across empire - 1st war of Indian independence, commander in chief of British troops was a Scot
-Played key roles in the government in India - six of the governors, general and viceroys of India were Scottish
effects of migration and empire on Scotland
-empire contributed to the Clyde becoming centre of shipbuilding - Fairfields and Beardmore’s were world leaders in the production of shipping leading up to 1914
-Empire provided raw materials for Scottish factories, e.g. jute - raw material from Indian province of Bengal
-Empire enabled some firms and individuals to make great commercial fortunes e.g. William Weir (coal & iron)
-Late 1920s the college of Italian hairdressers were set up in Glasgow
-Lithuanian joined Scot’s miners in bringing about improved working conditions through trade union activities
-jewish immigrants helped develop commercial life - settled central Glasgow, typically setting up small businesses
why immigrants in Scotland had varied experiences
-Lithuanian changed to Scottish names - more accepted by Scottish Society
-Lithuanian introduced into coal mines to break strikes - faced some hostility
-Lithuanian often lived in own communities retaining language, culture and identity -struggled to fit into Scottish society
-many Irish immigrants came in poverty and seen as carrying diseases - Scott repelled by Irish poverty leading to isolation
-Protestant Irish shared same religion as majority of Scots - easier to integrate into society
-italians open cafés on a Sunday - Scot’s resented this, Sunday viewed day of rest
contribution of immigrants to the Scottish economy
-Irish Navvies - building railways, opened up economic opportunities to Scottish businessman
-Protestant Irish - economic development to weaving trade e.g. Renfrewshire, Ayrshire & Aberdeen
-Protestant Irish - farm labourers, Southwest Scotland
-In 1903, 89 Italian cafés in Glasgow, in 1905, 336
-Lithuanians - employment, coal industry
-jewish - small businesses e.g. tobacco, tailoring, jewellers and pawnbrokers
