migration genrel

Question 1

in 2015 how many people were living outside their country of origin

Answer 1

244 million people
3.3%

Question 2

who are the majority or migrants?

Answer 2

economic migrants, seeking work and social opportunities, often sending money back to their family, known as migrant remittances

Question 3

refugees

Answer 3

fleeing conflict zones and persecution

Question 4

asylum seakers

Answer 4

political refugee, someone who is seeking peace in another country

Question 5

population change

Answer 5

population change = (births-deaths) +/- international migration

Question 6

long term migration

Answer 6

the UN defines long term migration as as person who moves to a country other then his or her usually residence for a period of at least a year

Question 7

short term migration

Answer 7

someone who moves for more then three months but less then a year

Question 8

net migration

Answer 8

difference between number of immigrants and emigrants for a particular country

Question 9

2013, counrtys with the largest net migration gain =

Answer 9

italy and germany

Question 10

2013 counrtys with the largest net migration loss =

Answer 10

spain and greece

Question 11

in 2013 how many people born in the UK lived abroad

Answer 11

5.3 million
reasons for this:
employment opportunity
retirment
family reunicfation

Question 12

how many forigen people living in the UK in 2013

Answer 12

7.8 million

Question 13

statistical measure of internationL migration linked to development is…

Answer 13

migrant remittances
migrant remittances are shown as a persentage of a recipients countries GDP

Question 14

positive effects of international migration

Answer 14

stability
economic growth
development

Question 15

negative effects of global migration

Answer 15

inequalities
conflicts
injustices

Question 16

stability

Answer 16

migrant remittances can contribute to economic stability
-flows of ideas, and skills including democracy and equality this can create peace-building and conflict resolution
-where there is a ageing population youthful migrant workers can contrubite to a more balanced age strcuture and population growth

Question 17

economics growth

Answer 17

GDP and tax of hoast nations are boosted
-migrants are consumers themselves, stimulating local demand and even opening up new markets
- migrants can fill skill gaps and labour shortages

-migrant remittances can supplment hosehold incomes, stimulate consumption, provide funds for local investment, this is called the multiplier effect

Question 17

economics growth

Answer 17

GDP and tax of hoast nations are boosted
-migrants are consumers themselves, stimulating local demand and even opening up new markets
- migrants can fill skill gaps and labour shortages

-migrant remittances can supplment hosehold incomes, stimulate consumption, provide funds for local investment, this is called the multiplier effect

Question 18

development

Answer 18

skills and knowalge and benefit origin country
- migrants can create networks which ease flow of skills, financial resources, values and idea through their links to dispora associations.
- UN ‘migration and development’ projects between partner counrties involving families, local authorties, and public and private services providers in effective ‘bottom up’ approach to development

Question 19

inequalities

Answer 19

countries or origin lose a proportion of young people, the most vibrant and fittest people in the workforce, this may contribute to a downward economic spiral.

• ‘brain drain’ as the better educated migrate

-redistribution of population of reproductive age which effects brith rates and can create a ageing population in some areas.

-migrant remittances can increase inequalities between families who receive them and familes who don’t.

Question 20

conflicts

Answer 20

social conflict can develop between hoast countries and newcomers, people of a particular ethnic culture or ethnicity may find it difficult to integrate perhaps because of language

-immigrant populations especially if concentrated on specific areas can put pressure on certain services ect

-international borders ca be areas of conflict e.g traffickers and illegal immigrants

Question 21

injustices

Answer 21

migrants are venerable to violations of their human rights as a result of fourced labour, explotation of women and children and human trafficking.

-treatment of asylum speakers can induce being held in a detention center and not being allowed to work

Question 22

examples of conflict and injustice

Answer 22

-report HR violations in deletion camps for Myanmar refugees on the Thai-Malaysian bourder

-the new fence and the high tech surveillance at the Bulgaria- turkey boarder

-the refugee camp at the channel tunnel in Calis, another camp the ‘jungle’ outside Calis contained over 3000 migrant in feb 2016, mostly unacconmnied young males

Question 23

Dominent global migrant corridors

Answer 23

south-north
south-south
the transur of ideas and money are cloasely related yo thease pattens of inequality in migration and tend to flow back in the opposite direction e.g talent based immgration policy of countries such as the US and canada encorage flows of highly skilled migrants from LID’cs

Question 24

inter relgional

Answer 24

migration between regions of a counrty migration of highly skilled workers from china, india and brazil to the USA.

Question 25

intra regional migration

Answer 25

rapid increase of internataional migration stock amoung the ASEAN memebr states, most migrants are low skilled, many undocuemned seaking unemployment and higher wadges via cyclical migration to countries of higher socio economic development. return migration has been a high proportion of migrant flows within the EU, this includes young workers having achived their pre planned economic goals after two or three years

Question 26

international

Answer 26

international migration flows within the EDC's such as india, china, mexico and brazil, driven by FDI which has created economic activity near large urban centers

Question 27

young workers

Answer 27

young workers look for greater employment, higher wadges and possibility of remmitances dominate age group of all migrants were males between the age of 25-39 E.g demarnd for workers in oil producing countries of the middle east such as the UAE, QUTAR AND SAUDI are examples of young labour dirven migration

Question 28

female migrants

Answer 28

globally there has been an increase in the number of women and girl migrants in the 20st century in 2013 52% of all migrants in developed countries were female the growing number of migrants are because of increased inderpendece of women and the ability to now earn their own income

Question 29

south to south and south to north corridors

Answer 29

untill the 2nd decade of the 21st centry the largest internantional migrant flows had been from poorer less developed countries to the south where wealtheir counrties are present however as global econmies have become more interconnected south to south flow habe become much more popular. south to south migration flows are explained mainly by labour migration, 2/3rds of migrant remmitances were sent between countries of the south in 2013. another factor is the incrase in refugee fleeing, perscution or conlfict

Question 30

reasons for south to south migration

Answer 30

restrictive adminstrive barriers between south to north migration fast growing economies which offer employment opportunities increased awareness of opportunity in the south resulting from improved communications and developing social and business networks preventative costs

Question 31

Myanmar to Thailand

Answer 31

the largest ASEAN migrant flow corridor is the one flowing from mymar to thailand, thailand is south east asias fastest growing econemy. thailand needs to resove its labour shortage in agriculture, fishing, manufactoring, contrcution and domestic services.

Question 32

new minimum wadge in thailand

Answer 32

300 bhat (9$ a day) this 10x the wadge in some areas of mayamr

Question 33

contributing factors to the migration to thailand

Answer 33

geographical proximity, in addiction there are many refugees from the myanmar government escaping forced labour in government development projects, escaping forced labour in govemrnet development projects such as railway construction

Question 34

conflict and persecution have increased number of refugees

Answer 34

in 2015 syria became the largest source of refugees, overtaking afgan which had had this position for three decades turkey was the largest recipiant of refugees 87.2% live in the global south

Question 35

number of refugees worldwide in 2012

Answer 35

15.7 million

Question 36

number of refugees worldwide in 2014

Answer 36

19.5 million

Question 37

how many asylum applications were submitted in 2014

Answer 37

1.66 million

Question 38

main reasons for large number of refugees globaly

Answer 38

-conflict -home loss -political persecution, discrimnation and violation of human rights -economic hardship including forced labour and morden slavery