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Geography: Edexcel A-level > Migration, Identity & Sovereignty Key Terms > Flashcards

Migration, Identity & Sovereignty Key Terms Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

Asylum Seeker

A

A person who has applied for protection as a refugee but whose claim is yet to be decided.

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2
Q

Autonomy

A

The ability of a region or group to govern itself independently within a larger state.

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3
Q

Barriers to Migration

A

Physical, legal, or socio-economic factors that prevent or limit movement.

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4
Q

Border Disputes

A

Disagreements between states over the location or control of boundaries.

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5
Q

Brain Drain

A

The migration of highly skilled or educated people away from a country / region.

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6
Q

Capitalism

A

An economic system based on private ownership and the pursuit of profit.

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7
Q

Citizenship

A

Legal membership of a state, entailing rights and responsibilities.

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8
Q

Core-Periphery Theory

A

A model that describes how economic, political, and cultural power is drawn towards dominant core regions, at the expense of marginalised periphery regions.

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9
Q

Cultural Identity

A

The identity or feeling of belonging to a particular culture or group.

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10
Q

Cultural Protectionism

A

Government policies intended to preserve the distinctiveness of a national culture.

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11
Q

Decolonisation

A

The process by which colonies gained independence from colonial powers.

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12
Q

Economic Migrant

A

A person who moves to improve their standard of living and job opportunities.

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13
Q

European Union (EU)

A

A political and economic union of European countries aiming for regional integration.

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14
Q

Failed State

A

A state whose political or economic system has become so weak that it cannot function properly.

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15
Q

Forced Migration

A

Migration caused by conflict, persecution, or natural disasters.

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16
Q

Geopolitics

A

The influence of geography on international relations and power dynamics.

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17
Q

Global Diaspora

A

Scattered populations of people from the same origin living across the world.

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18
Q

Global Hub

A

A highly connected city or region that attracts international investment, migration and trade.

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19
Q

Globalisation of Culture

A

The increasing interconnectedness of cultures due to global flows of media, people, and ideas.

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20
Q

Green Card System

A

The permanent residency permit system used in the United States.

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21
Q

Hard Borders

A

Heavily controlled and monitored borders that restrict movement.

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22
Q

Homogeneity

A

A situation where cultural differences become less distinct and a dominant culture prevails.

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23
Q

Illegal Migrant

A

A person who enters or stays in a country without legal permission.

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24
Q

Independence Movements

A

The desire of a region within a country to gain independence or greater autonomy.

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25
Interdependence
The mutual reliance between countries or regions, often shaped by migration, trade, and remittances.
26
International Migration
The movement of people across country boundaries for permanent or semi-permanent residence.
27
Intervention
External action taken in a state to resolve conflict or enforce international norms.
28
Labour Market
The supply and demand for workers, often impacted by immigration levels.
29
Lee's Migration Model
A theory explaining migration based on push and pull factors, intervening obstacles and personal perceptions.
30
Low Tax Zones
Areas within or across countries with minimal tax obligations designed to encourage business or migration.
31
Megacity
A city with a population over 10 million, often driven by rapid migration.
32
Migration Policies
Government rules and laws controlling who can enter or leave the country.
33
Nation State
A country whose population shares a common identity, language, and culture.
34
National Identity
A sense of a nation as a cohesive whole, based on shared culture, language, and history.
35
Nationalism
A political ideology centred on promoting the interests and culture of a particular nation.
36
Neoclassical Economic Theory
Explains migration as a result of wage differentials between regions or countries.
37
Net Migration
The difference between the number of immigrants and emigrants.
38
Open Borders
Policies that allow the free movement of people between countries with minimal restrictions.
39
Points-based Migration Systems
Immigration systems where applicants are ranked based on factors like skills, age, and education.
40
Post-Colonial Migration
The movement of people from former colonies to the former colonial powers.
41
Post-Colonial
Relating to the period after colonial rule, often involving identity reconstruction and sovereignty issues.
42
Pull Factor
A positive factor that attracts people to a new location.
43
Push Factor
A negative factor that drives people away from a place.
44
Refugee
A person who has fled their country due to fear of persecution.
45
Remittances
Money sent back home by migrants to support their families.
46
Rural-Urban Migration
The movement of people from the countryside to cities, often for employment opportunities.
47
Russian Oligarchs
Extremely wealthy business elites from post-Soviet Russia, some of whom have migrated or moved wealth abroad.
48
Schengen Area
Region of 27 European countries that have removed border controls between each other.
49
Secession
The act of a region or group attempting to formally break away from a country to form a new state.
50
Self-Determination
The right of people to choose their own political status and governance.
51
Socialism
A political and economic system advocating for collective or governmental ownership and distribution of resources.
52
Soft Borders
Borders that allow relatively free movement between countries.
53
Sovereignty
The authority of a state to govern itself without outside interference.
54
Stateless Person
Someone who is not considered a national by any country under its laws.
55
Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs)
Economic policies imposed by international financial institutions on developing countries to promote reform.
56
Supranationalism
When states give up some sovereignty to work together in organisations like the EU.
57
Tax Havens
Countries or territories with low or no taxes, attracting foreign wealth.
58
Territorial Integrity
The principle that defined territory of a state should not be violated by others.
59
United Nations (UN)
An intergovernmental organisation promoting international peace, security, and cooperation.
60
Voluntary Migration
Migration based on personal choice, usually for economic or social reasons.

Geography: Edexcel A-level (8 decks)

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