MIL Lesson 3

Question 1

What you should check before getting information online?

Answer 1

authenticity, validity, and reliability

Question 2

refers to the information’s originality or legitimacy, whether this is a material with an author and there is a way to check its origin such as domain name and links that are not broken in case of the internet

Answer 2

Authenticity

Question 3

may include accuracy and precision of information presented such that it is more factual, less biased, and error-free

Answer 3

Validity

Question 4

may also include validity but may also pertain to relevance of information, whether it is up-to-date and credible.

Answer 4

Reliability

Question 5

But not all places in the Philippines have access to the internet and the mass media; thus some people rely ______ for information, especially on indigenous or local knowledge on farming and medicine.

Answer 5

on community elders and officials

Question 6

2 types of media for seeking information

Answer 6

traditional mass media and the new media

Question 7

recommends a presearch analysis when searching online to help students focus on the information they may already have

Answer 7

Dr. Ann Marlow Riedling

Question 8

The following are the guide questions we need to ask ourselves:

Answer 8

1. What is your topic?
2. What unique words, specific names or people and/or organizations, or abbreviations/acronyms are associated with your topic?
3. What professional societies, agencies, organizations, or groups might have information on your subject?
4. What resources, articles, websites, news stories, and the like do you already have about the topic? What leads can you gain from them?

Question 9

this will yield the complete and exact phrase we are looking for

Answer 9

enclose these terms or phrases in brackets or quotation marks

Question 10

to narrow our search to ensure that search results will include both words or phrases.

Answer 10

Typing “AND” between keywords (e.g. media AND Internet)

Question 11

to broaden our search to give search results that contain at least one of these words.

Answer 11

Typing “OR” between keywords (e.g. television OR multimedia)

Question 12

before a keyword that may have multiple meanings to exclude that keyword from our search .

Answer 12

Typing “NOT” or minus sign (e.g., apple NOT computer brand)

Question 13

will yield definitions of the search term.

Answer 13

Using The word define followed by a colon (e.g., define: social media)

Question 14

use to find location and holdings of books, periodicals and other material within libraries.

Answer 14

Library Catalogs

Question 15

to find articles on specific subjects. Especially useful in finding scholarly and academic journal articles.

Answer 15

Article Databases

Question 16

finding aids such as encyclopedias, dictionaries, atlases, almanacs, etc.

Answer 16

Reference Resources

Question 17

use to find Websites and other Internet resources.

Answer 17

Search Engines

Question 18

are publications that are printed; daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly or annually.

Answer 18

Periodicals

Question 19

are publications intended to be published indefinitely into the future.

Answer 19

Serials

Question 20

are publications intended to be published indefinitely into the future.

Answer 20

Serials

Question 21

are generally held as being scholarly and authoritative, including references and citations.

Answer 21

Journals

Question 22

are referred to as being popular publications and having less credibility.

Answer 22

Magazines

Question 23

are the original documents of an event or discovery such as results of research, experiments or surveys, interviews, letters, diaries, legal documents, and scientific journal articles. Primary sources are also records of events as they are first described. These might be videotapes, audio recordings or eyewitness news reports. The primary source is the original source of information which includes new ideas, new findings, or first-hand accounts.

Answer 23

Primary sources

Question 24

offer an analysis or a restatement of an event or discovery described in primary sources. They interpret, explain or summarize primary sources. Some secondary sources are used to persuade the reader. Secondary sources may be considered less objective. Examples of secondary sources include: dictionaries, encyclopedias, textbooks, articles and editorials that interpret or review research works. It builds on what the primary source has started such as when the original information is cited in reviews or discussed in magazines.

Answer 24

Secondary sources

Question 25

summarizes or distills primary and secondary sources especially when written as part of reference materials, encyclopedias or textbooks.Other questions to ask: Is the information available in the mass media, the internet, library databases, or from knowledgeable individuals? Will information from the internet suffice? We need to know how much information is available from different resources that we will draw upon. Our purpose in getting this information will help us decide the amount of data and information we should generate.

Answer 25

The tertiary source

Question 26

This refers to local knowledge or knowledge that is unique to a given culture or society. It is owned, controlled, and managed by indigenous peoples in order for them to develop and produce culturally appropriate information in the languages understood by the community.

Answer 26

Indigenous Knowledge (IK)

Question 27

Characteristics of Indigenous Knowledge:

Answer 27

* oral tradition of communication * store information in memories * information exchange is face to face * information is contained within the border of the community

Question 28

This refers to forms of media expressions conceptualized, produced, and circulated by indigenous peoples around the globe as vehicles for communication.

Answer 28

INDIGENOUS MEDIA

Question 29

This refers to original information created by a local group of people. This also refers to content about indigenous peoples that may be distributed through dominant forms of media or through forms of communication unique to their people group.

Answer 29

INDIGENOUS MEDIA AND INFORMATION

Question 30

FORMS OF INDIGENOUS MEDIA:

Answer 30

* Folk or Traditional Media * Gatherings and Social Organizations * Direct Observation * Records (Written, Carved, Oral) * Oral Instruction

Question 31

is a place in which literary, musical, artistic, or reference materials are kept for use but not for sale.

Answer 31

LIBRARY

Question 32

Types of Libraries:

Answer 32

* Academic Library - serves colleges and universities * Public Library - serves cities and towns of all types * School Library - serves students from Kindergarten to Grade 12 * Special Library - in specialized environments, such as hospitals, corporations, museums, the military, private businesses, and the government

Question 33

It is a global computer network providing a variety of information and communication facilities, consisting of interconnected networks using standardized communication protocols.

Answer 33

INTERNET

Question 34

Evaluating information found on the internet:

Answer 34

* Authorship * Publishing body * Accuracy and Verifiability * Currency

Question 35

Things to consider in evaluating information:

Answer 35

* Reliability * Accuracy * Value * Authority * Timeliness

Question 36

different types of websites

Answer 36

.com – commercial .gov – government .edu – educational .org – a nonprofit organization .mil – military

Question 37

FILES, FORMATS, AND MEDIA ON THE WEB

Answer 37

* html (Hypertext Markup Language) - all web pages are developed using HTML, although each basic page may contain links to many other types of files including graphics, java, video, etc. The file extension may be .htm or .html, for a web page. * audio - real audio, .wav, .au and .mp3 are the most common audio file types. * video - real player and shockwave are common video and multimedia viewers * graphics - .PDF(Portable Document Format), .GIF (graphics interchange format), .JPG (Joint Photographic Experts Group), and animated GIF files are the most common types of graphics files on the Web. * text - many types of word processing files, spreadsheets, databases, and hypertext can be seen on the Web or easily translated to HTML.

Question 38

COMMON TEXT FILE TYPES

Answer 38

* .txt - for plain ascii text files that can be used in any word processor or read in a Web browser. * .doc for Microsoft Word files * .wpd for Word Perfect files * .pdf for Adobe Acrobat files usually viewed on the Web with the Acrobat reader, these are really graphic representations of text * other Internet Protocols - Many other resources using protocols other than http may all be retrieved via a Web browser

Question 39

are codes, conventions, formats, symbols, and narrative structures that indicate the meaning of media messages to an audience.

Answer 39

Media Languages

Question 40

Kinds of Symbolic Codes:

Answer 40

Objects - convey meaning settings - show time & place color - suggest a mood costume -clothing, hair, & makeup body language - emotions & movement

Question 41

Media and information use _____ to tell stories

Answer 41

texts

Question 42

This is the process that that allows individuals to think about parts of media and information and how they constitute the whole.

Answer 42

decoding texts or deconstruction

Question 43

is the study of signs or systems of signs that when put together create meaning (codes).

Answer 43

Semiotics

Question 44

Technical, written and symbolic tools used to construct or suggest meaning in media forms and products. Media codes include the use of camera, acting, setting, mise en scene, editing, lighting, sound, special effects, typography, colour, visual composition, text and graphics.

Answer 44

Media Codes

Question 45

Rules or generally accepted ways of constructing form and informing meaning in media products including story principles, form and structure, generic structures, character and story arcs, cause and effect, point of view, the structuring of time, elements of page layout, paper stock for print, titles and credits sequences, hyperlinking and mounting and framing of images.

Answer 45

Media Conventions

Question 46

these codes show what is beneath the surface of what we see (objects, setting, body language, clothing, color, etc.) or iconic symbols that are easily understood.

Answer 46

Symbolic codes

Question 47

the use of language style, and textual layout (headlines, captions, speech bubbles, language style, etc.)

Answer 47

Written Codes

Question 48

in newswriting, this is the text indicating the nature of the article below it.

Answer 48

Headlines

Question 49

also known as cutlines, are a few lines of text used to explain or elaborate in published photographs.

Answer 49

Photo Captions

Question 50

a sequence of drawings arranged in interrelated panels to display brief humor or form a narrative, often serialized, with text in balloons.

Answer 50

Comic Strips

Question 51

These are ways in which equipment is used to tell the story. This includes sound, camera angles, types of shots, and lighting as well as camera techniques, framing, depth of field, lighting, exposure, and juxtaposition.

Answer 51

Technical codes

Question 52

is composed of the series of frames that are shot uninterrupted from the moment the camera starts rolling until it stops

Answer 52

Camera Shot

Question 53

This makes your subject appear small against their location. You can use an _____ to make your subject feel distant or unfamiliar. It can also make your subject feel overwhelmed by its location. Of all the various camera shots,, consider using the extreme long shot when you need to emphasize the location or isolation.

Answer 53

Extreme long shot (ELS) or Extreme Wide Shot (EWS)

Question 54

If your subject is a person then his/her whole body will be in view – but not filling the shot. There should be a good deal of space above, and below your subject. Use a ______ to keep your subject in plain view amidst grander surroundings.

Answer 54

Long Shot (LS) or Wide Shot (WS)

Question 55

These can be used to feature multiple characters in a single shot. It lets your subject fill the frame while keeping emphasis on scenery.

Answer 55

Full Shot (FS)

Question 56

This frames the subject from roughly the knees up. It splits the difference between a full shot and a medium shot. You can always frame camera shots from any angle as well, so don’t be afraid to think about medium long shots when behind a character.

Answer 56

Medium Wide Shot (MWS)

Question 57

This is one of the most common camera shots. It’s similar to the cowboy shot, but frames from roughly the waist up and through the torso. So, it emphasizes more of your subject while keeping their surroundings visible.

Answer 57

Medium Shot (MS)

Question 58

The ______ frames your subject from roughly the chest up. So, it typically favors the face, but still keeps the subject somewhat distant. The medium close-up camera shot size keeps the characters eerily distant even during their face-to-face conversation.

Answer 58

Medium Close-Up Shot (MCU)

Question 59

A ______ reveals a subject’s emotions and reactions. The ______ fills your frame with a part of your subject. If your subject is a person, it is often theirface. Of all the different types of camera shot sizes in film, a close-up shot is perfect for moments that are important. The close-up shot is near enough to register tiny emotions, but not so close that we lose visibility.

Answer 59

Close-Up Shot (CU)

Question 60

An ______ is the most you can fill a frame with your subject. It often shows eyes, mouth and gun triggers. In this shots, smaller objects get great detail and are the focal point. Extreme close-ups can be used in many different film genres, which includes comedy as well.

Answer 60

Extreme close-Up Shot

Question 61

This is a shot at the head of a scene that clearly shows us the location of the action. This shot often follows an aerial shot and is used to show where everything will happen.

Answer 61

Establishing Shots

Question 62

is the art and science of placing subjects in your shots.

Answer 62

Camera shot framing

Question 63

When your shot captures one subject, it’s known as a single shot. Single shots can be set and framed in any shot size you like just as long as there is only one character featured within the frame.

Answer 63

Single Shot

Question 64

A two-shot is a camera shot with two characters featured in the frame. Two shots are often really useful for allowing performances to play out in a single take, which can be especially useful for comedy.

Answer 64

Two Shot or 2-Shot

Question 65

features three characters in the frame. Three shots are really important in adventure films, or really any film that has a group of characters, because it is anenormous time drain to shoot 3 singles just to show every character, not to mention jarring.

Answer 65

Three Shot or 3-Shot A three-shot

Question 66

Another element of camera shots to consider is the perspective of the shot. An overthe-shoulder shot shows your subject from behind the shoulder of another character. Because it emulates perspective, it’s common in conversation scenes. Over-theshoulder shots can help to provide orientation, and connect the characters on an emotional level.

Answer 66

Over-The-Shoulder Shot (OTS)

Question 67

An over-the-hip shot is similar to over-the-shoulder in that the camera is placed with a character's hip in the foreground, and the focus subject in the plane of acceptable focus. You'll gain a similar effect from an over-the-hip shot as you would an OTS, but if you have one character standing, and the other sitting, kneeling, or any other configuration that places the subjects on "uneven terrain" it will often suggest a power imbalance.

Answer 67

Over-The-Hip Shot (OTH)

Question 68

A POV shot is a camera shot that shows the viewer exactly what that character sees. This transports the audience into that character, as is done in Being John Malkovich. POV shots can also invoke terror, as seen in Halloween.

Answer 68

Point of View Shot (POV)

Question 69

is used to specify the location where the camera is placed to take a shot

Answer 69

camera shot angle

Question 70

When your subject is at eye-level, they’re in a natural perspective (not superior or inferior). This mimics how we see people in real life – our eye line connecting with theirs.

Answer 70

Eye level shot

Question 71

This shot frames the subject from a low camera height. These camera shots most often emphasize power dynamics between characters. A superior character with the upper hand is often framed rom down low. This makes an inferior feel like they are looking up to them.

Answer 71

Low Angle Shot

Question 72

In this shot, the camera points down at your subject. It usually creates a feeling of inferiority, or “looking down” on your subject. High angle shots have three primary functions: (1) they can convey narrative information; (2) they can elicit emotional responses in the viewer; (3) they can convey something about the character.

Answer 72

High Angle Shot

Question 73

A hip level shot is when your character is roughly waist-high.

Answer 73

Hip-level shot

Question 74

This is when your camera height is about as low as your subject’s knees. They can emphasize a character’s superiority if paired with a low angle.

Answer 74

Knee-level shot