Milady Chapter 11

Question 1

The scientific Study of hair and its disease and care is called ____

Answer 1

Trichology
[Greek word - Trichos]

Question 2

A mature Strand of human hair is divided into two parts called ____

Answer 2

The hair root and hair shaft

Question 3

Part of hair located BELOW the surface of the epidermis

Answer 3

Hair root

Question 4

The portion of the hair that projects ABOVE the epidermis

Answer 4

Hair shaft

Question 5

Tube-like depression or pocket in the skin or scalp that contain the hair root

Answer 5

Hair follicle

Question 6

Lowest part of a hair strand. It is the thickened, club-shaped structure.

Answer 6

Hair bulb

Question 7

Small, cone-shaped elevation located at the base of the hair follicle that fits into the hair bulb

Answer 7

Dermal papilla

Question 8

Small, involuntary muscle in the base of the hair follicle
(Results in what we call “goose bumps”)

Answer 8

Arrector pili muscle

Question 9

Oil glands.
These glands secrete a fatty or oily substance called sebum, sebum lubricates the skin.

Answer 9

Sebaceous glands

Question 10

Did you know??

Answer 10

Your body can naturally produce 11 of the 20 amino acids that make up hair, but your daily diet must include a variety of foods that supply the remaining 9 essential amino acids that the hair & scalp need.

Question 11

The outermost layer of the hair. (Provides a barrier that protects the inner structure of the hair)

Answer 11

Hair cuticle

Question 12

Fibrous protein core formed by elongated cells containing melanin pigment. (90% of the total weight of hair comes from the cortex)

Answer 12

Cortex

Question 13

The innermost layer of the hair & is composed of round cells . (Only thick, coarse hair contains medulla)

Answer 13

Medulla

Question 14

As soon as these living calls form, they begin their journey upward through the hair follicle. They mature in a process called ___?

Answer 14

Keratinization

Question 15

As these newly formed cells mature, they fill up with a fibrous protein called?

Answer 15

Keratin

Question 16

Note

Answer 16

Hair is approximately 90% protein.

Question 17

COHNS elements

Answer 17

Carbon 51%, Oxygen 21%, Hydrogen 6%, Nitrogen 17%, & Sulfur 5%

Question 18

Amino acids Proteins are made of long chains of amino acids, units that are joined together end-to -end like pop beads

Answer 18

Amino acids

Question 19

Strong, chemical bond that joins amino acids, also known as “end bond”

Answer 19

Peptide bond

Question 20

A long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

Answer 20

Polypeptide chain

Question 21

Long, coiled complex polypeptides made of amino acids.

Answer 21

Proteins

Question 22

The spiral shape of a coiled protein. This is created when polypeptide chains intertwine with each other.

Answer 22

Helix

Question 23

Hydrogen bond

Answer 23

A weak, physical, cross-link side bond that is easily broken by water & heat

Question 24

Salt bond

Answer 24

A weak,physical, cross-link side bond between adjacent polypeptide chains. Salt bonds depend on pH so they are easily broken by strong alkaline or acidic solutions

Question 25

Disulfide bond

Answer 25

A strong, chemical, side bond that is very different from the physical side bond. They aren’t broken by water, they are broken by permanent waves & chemical relaxers.

Question 26

Note

Answer 26

The disulfide bond joins the sulfur atoms of two neighboring cysteine amino acids to create one cystine

Question 27

Hydroxide chemical hair relaxers break disulfide bonds & then convert them to __ when the relaxers is rinsed from the hair

Answer 27

Lanthionine

Question 28

Melanin

Answer 28

The tiny grains of pigment in the cortex that give natural color to the hair. Two types of melanin are: Eumelanin Pheomelanin

Question 29

Eumelanin

Answer 29

Provides natural dark brown to black color to the hair & brunette hair

Question 30

Pheomelanin

Answer 30

The lighter pigment that provides natural colors ranging from red & ginger to yellow & blonde tones

Question 31

Wave pattern

Answer 31

The shape of the hair strand (Curly hair is oval shape)

Question 32

Vellus hair

Answer 32

Also know as “lanugo hair”, is short, fine, unpigmented, & downy hair that appears on the body. It is commonly found on infants & can be present on children until puberty

Question 33

Terminal hair

Answer 33

Long, coarse, pigmented hair found on scalp, legs, arms,& bodies of males & females

Question 34

Anagen phase

Answer 34

Also know as growth phase. (About 90% of scalp hair is growing in the anagen phase at any time)

Question 35

Catagen phase

Answer 35

The brief transition period between growth and resting phases. (1% of scalp hair is in this phase at any time)

Question 36

Telogen phase

Answer 36

Also know as resting phase . The final phase. (Little less than 10% of scalp hair in this phase)

Question 37

Hair loss cause

Answer 37

Average rate of hair loss is closer to 35/40 hairs per day

Question 38

Alopecia

Answer 38

Abnormal hair loss

Question 39

Alopecia areata

Answer 39

An autoimmune disorder

Question 40

This hair disorder usually begins with one or more small, round, smooth, bald patches on the scalp & can progress to total hair loss

Answer 40

Alopecia totalis

Question 41

Complete body hair loss

Answer 41

Alopecia universalis

Question 42

Postpartum Alopecia

Answer 42

Temporary hair loss experienced at the end of a pregnancy for some woman

Question 43

Canities

Answer 43

Technical term for gray hair

Question 44

Ringed hair

Answer 44

Characterized by alternating bands of gray and pigmented hair

Question 45

Hypertrichosis

Answer 45

A condition of abnormal hair growth

Question 46

Trichoptilosis

Answer 46

Technical term for spilt ends

Question 47

Trichorrhexis

Answer 47

Term for knotted hair

Question 48

Monilethrix

Answer 48

Term for beaded hair

Question 49

Fragilitas crinium

Answer 49

Term for brittle hair

Question 50

Pityriasis

Answer 50

Term for dandruff

Question 51

Dandruff is the result of a fungus called ___

Answer 51

Malassezia

Question 52

Pityriasis capitis simplex

Answer 52

Term for classic dandruff (scalp irritation, large flakes, & itchy scalp)

Question 53

Pityriasis steatiodes

Answer 53

More severe case of danseurs (greasy or waxy scales, mixed with sebum, that stick to the scalp in crust)

Question 54

Tinea

Answer 54

Term for ringworm

Question 55

Tinea capitis

Answer 55

Ringworm of the scalp

Question 56

Tinea favosa

Answer 56

Also known as “tinea favus” is characterized by dry, sulfur-yellow, cup like crusts on the scalp called scutula.

Question 57

Pediculosis capitis

Answer 57

Infestation of head lice

Question 58

Furuncle

Answer 58

Term for a boil, an acute, localized bacterial infection

Question 59

Carbuncle

Answer 59

An inflammation of the subcutaneous.

Question 60

Hair texture

Answer 60

It’s classified as coarse, medium, or fine. Hair on the nape, crown, temples, & front hairline of the same person may have different textures

Question 61

Hair density

Answer 61

Measures the number of individuals hairs on scalp

Question 62

Hair porosity

Answer 62

Ability to absorb moisture.

Question 63

Healthy hair with a compact cuticle layer is naturally resistant to being penetrated by moisture & is referred to as ____

Answer 63

Hydrophobic

Question 64

Porous hair has a raised cuticle layer that easily absorbs moisture & is called ___

Answer 64

Hydrophilic

Question 65

Hair elasticity

Answer 65

Ability of hair to stretch and returns to normal . Wet hair with normal elasticity will stretch up to 50% Dry hair stretches to 20%

Question 66

Hair stream

Answer 66

Hair flowing in the same direction

Question 67

Dry hair and scalp

Answer 67

This should be treated with products that contain moisturizers and emollients