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Cosmetology > Milady Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Milady Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

The scientific Study of hair and its disease and care is called ____

A

Trichology
[Greek word - Trichos]

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2
Q

A mature Strand of human hair is divided into two parts called ____

A

The hair root and hair shaft

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3
Q

Part of hair located BELOW the surface of the epidermis

A

Hair root

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4
Q

The portion of the hair that projects ABOVE the epidermis

A

Hair shaft

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5
Q

Tube-like depression or pocket in the skin or scalp that contain the hair root

A

Hair follicle

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6
Q

Lowest part of a hair strand. It is the thickened, club-shaped structure.

A

Hair bulb

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7
Q

Small, cone-shaped elevation located at the base of the hair follicle that fits into the hair bulb

A

Dermal papilla

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8
Q

Small, involuntary muscle in the base of the hair follicle
(Results in what we call “goose bumps”)

A

Arrector pili muscle

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9
Q

Oil glands.
These glands secrete a fatty or oily substance called sebum, sebum lubricates the skin.

A

Sebaceous glands

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10
Q

Did you know??

A

Your body can naturally produce 11 of the 20 amino acids that make up hair, but your daily diet must include a variety of foods that supply the remaining 9 essential amino acids that the hair & scalp need.

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11
Q

The outermost layer of the hair. (Provides a barrier that protects the inner structure of the hair)

A

Hair cuticle

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12
Q

Fibrous protein core formed by elongated cells containing melanin pigment. (90% of the total weight of hair comes from the cortex)

A

Cortex

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13
Q

The innermost layer of the hair & is composed of round cells . (Only thick, coarse hair contains medulla)

A

Medulla

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14
Q

As soon as these living calls form, they begin their journey upward through the hair follicle. They mature in a process called ___?

A

Keratinization

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15
Q

As these newly formed cells mature, they fill up with a fibrous protein called?

A

Keratin

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16
Q

Note

A

Hair is approximately 90% protein.

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17
Q

COHNS elements

A

Carbon 51%, Oxygen 21%, Hydrogen 6%, Nitrogen 17%, & Sulfur 5%

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18
Q

Amino acids Proteins are made of long chains of amino acids, units that are joined together end-to -end like pop beads

A

Amino acids

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19
Q

Strong, chemical bond that joins amino acids, also known as “end bond”

A

Peptide bond

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20
Q

A long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

A

Polypeptide chain

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21
Q

Long, coiled complex polypeptides made of amino acids.

A

Proteins

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22
Q

The spiral shape of a coiled protein. This is created when polypeptide chains intertwine with each other.

A

Helix

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23
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

A weak, physical, cross-link side bond that is easily broken by water & heat

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24
Q

Salt bond

A

A weak,physical, cross-link side bond between adjacent polypeptide chains. Salt bonds depend on pH so they are easily broken by strong alkaline or acidic solutions

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25
Q

Disulfide bond

A

A strong, chemical, side bond that is very different from the physical side bond. They aren’t broken by water, they are broken by permanent waves & chemical relaxers.

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26
Q

Note

A

The disulfide bond joins the sulfur atoms of two neighboring cysteine amino acids to create one cystine

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27
Q

Hydroxide chemical hair relaxers break disulfide bonds & then convert them to __ when the relaxers is rinsed from the hair

A

Lanthionine

28
Q

Melanin

A

The tiny grains of pigment in the cortex that give natural color to the hair. Two types of melanin are:
Eumelanin
Pheomelanin

29
Q

Eumelanin

A

Provides natural dark brown to black color to the hair & brunette hair

30
Q

Pheomelanin

A

The lighter pigment that provides natural colors ranging from red & ginger to yellow & blonde tones

31
Q

Wave pattern

A

The shape of the hair strand
(Curly hair is oval shape)

32
Q

Vellus hair

A

Also know as “lanugo hair”, is short, fine, unpigmented, & downy hair that appears on the body. It is commonly found on infants & can be present on children until puberty

33
Q

Terminal hair

A

Long, coarse, pigmented hair found on scalp, legs, arms,& bodies of males & females

34
Q

Anagen phase

A

Also know as growth phase. (About 90% of scalp hair is growing in the anagen phase at any time)

35
Q

Catagen phase

A

The brief transition period between growth and resting phases. (1% of scalp hair is in this phase at any time)

36
Q

Telogen phase

A

Also know as resting phase . The final phase. (Little less than 10% of scalp hair in this phase)

37
Q

Hair loss cause

A

Average rate of hair loss is closer to 35/40 hairs per day

38
Q

Alopecia

A

Abnormal hair loss

39
Q

Alopecia areata

A

An autoimmune disorder

40
Q

This hair disorder usually begins with one or more small, round, smooth, bald patches on the scalp & can progress to total hair loss

A

Alopecia totalis

41
Q

Complete body hair loss

A

Alopecia universalis

42
Q

Postpartum Alopecia

A

Temporary hair loss experienced at the end of a pregnancy for some woman

43
Q

Canities

A

Technical term for gray hair

44
Q

Ringed hair

A

Characterized by alternating bands of gray and pigmented hair

45
Q

Hypertrichosis

A

A condition of abnormal hair growth

46
Q

Trichoptilosis

A

Technical term for spilt ends

47
Q

Trichorrhexis

A

Term for knotted hair

48
Q

Monilethrix

A

Term for beaded hair

49
Q

Fragilitas crinium

A

Term for brittle hair

50
Q

Pityriasis

A

Term for dandruff

51
Q

Dandruff is the result of a fungus called ___

A

Malassezia

52
Q

Pityriasis capitis simplex

A

Term for classic dandruff (scalp irritation, large flakes, & itchy scalp)

53
Q

Pityriasis steatiodes

A

More severe case of danseurs (greasy or waxy scales, mixed with sebum, that stick to the scalp in crust)

54
Q

Tinea

A

Term for ringworm

55
Q

Tinea capitis

A

Ringworm of the scalp

56
Q

Tinea favosa

A

Also known as “tinea favus” is characterized by dry, sulfur-yellow, cup like crusts on the scalp called scutula.

57
Q

Pediculosis capitis

A

Infestation of head lice

58
Q

Furuncle

A

Term for a boil, an acute, localized bacterial infection

59
Q

Carbuncle

A

An inflammation of the subcutaneous.

60
Q

Hair texture

A

It’s classified as coarse, medium, or fine. Hair on the nape, crown, temples, & front hairline of the same person may have different textures

61
Q

Hair density

A

Measures the number of individuals hairs on scalp

62
Q

Hair porosity

A

Ability to absorb moisture.

63
Q

Healthy hair with a compact cuticle layer is naturally resistant to being penetrated by moisture & is referred to as ____

A

Hydrophobic

64
Q

Porous hair has a raised cuticle layer that easily absorbs moisture & is called ___

A

Hydrophilic

65
Q

Hair elasticity

A

Ability of hair to stretch and returns to normal . Wet hair with normal elasticity will stretch up to 50%
Dry hair stretches to 20%

66
Q

Hair stream

A

Hair flowing in the same direction

67
Q

Dry hair and scalp

A

This should be treated with products that contain moisturizers and emollients

Cosmetology (1 decks)

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