milgram

Question 1

sample - overall

Answer 1

selected 40 males from people who responded to newspaper advert

Question 2

sample - what was “original” study

Answer 2

men thought they were participating in study of memory

Question 3

sample - jobs of men

Answer 3

aged between 20-50 and variety of jobs eg engineers, school teachers

Question 4

sample - education levels

Answer 4

educated levels of men varied from one who had not finished elementary school to those who had doctorates

Question 5

sample - payment

Answer 5

each man paid $4.50 for participation. got the money for attending the lab and could keep it regardless or what happened after

Question 6

methodology - location

Answer 6

controlled observation in a lab at Yale uni

Question 7

methodology introduced and decision

Answer 7

participants introduced to another participant mr wallace (a confederate). participants drew slips to decide role of teacher or learner (rigged - both had teacher on so participant always teacher)

Question 8

methodology after draw

Answer 8

after draw, teacher and learner taken to adjacent room and learner was said to be strapped to an electric chair

Question 9

methodology told mr wallace

Answer 9

milgram told mr wallace to give approximately 3 wrong answers to every correct one. was also told to make set responses

Question 10

set responses

Answer 10

voltage - accomplice response
75 - grunts
120 - shouts in pain
150 - say he refuses to continue
200 - blood curdling screams
300 - refuses to answer. mumbles something about heart condition
+330 - silence

Question 11

methodology where was teacher taken

Answer 11

teacher was taken to an adjoining room which had a shock machine.
had 30 switches starting at ‘slight shock’ (15 volts) to ‘xxx’ (450 volts).
experimenter (man in grey coat) acted as authority figure and gave teacher sample shock to show machine was real.
experimenter stayed in same room as researcher

Question 12

methodology told teacher

Answer 12

experimenter told teacher to administer shock when learner gave wrong answer and increase voltage each time

Question 13

methodology told experimenter

Answer 13

milgram told experimenter to respond to any hesitation from teacher with four standard prods

Question 14

prods

Answer 14

please continue
the experiment requires you to continue
its absolutely essential that you continue
you have no other choice, you must go on

Question 15

methodology after

Answer 15

after research completed, teacher was thoroughly debriefed which included experimenter reuniting teacher and learner. then interviewed about experience

Question 16

findings before the study

Answer 16

milgram surveyed 14 psychology majors who estimated that 0-3% of participants would administer full 450 volts

Question 17

findings from experiment

Answer 17

volts - number obeying
up to 300 - 40
315 - 35
330 - 31
345 - 29
360 - 28
375 - 27
390-450 - 26

Question 18

findings from experiment symptoms

Answer 18

number of signs of extreme tension displayed by 14 participants eg
- nervous laughter and smiling
-sweating
- stuttering
- biting their lip
- digging fingernails into flesh
- three participants had full blown uncontrollable seizures

Question 19

conclusions

Answer 19

milgram concluded circumstances in which participants found themselves would combine to create a situation in which it proved difficult do disobey
concluded 13 elements of this situation that had contributed to these levels of obedience eg payment and experiment taking place at yale uni