Militarism And Eco Nationalism Flashcards
(23 cards)
Q: How did fascist or militarist regimes respond to the Great Depression?
A: By finding scapegoats, minimizing foreign exchange reliance, and launching aggressive imperialist actions.
Q: What economic ideology rose due to the depression?
A: Economic nationalism and autarky.
Q: What did economic nationalism lead to across fascist states?
A: Rearmament, imperialist expansion, and ultimately war.
Q: When was Hitler elected Chancellor and what did he do after?
A: Elected in 1932; quickly turned Germany into a dictatorship.
Q: What were Hitler’s key goals?
A: Destroy the Treaty of Versailles, promote the Aryan race, conquer lebensraum, and destroy communism.
Q: How was Hitler brought to power economically?
A: Through promises of economic nationalism and autarky.
Q: What proportion of Reich expenditure went to the Wehrmacht between 1933–1939?
A: 51.9%.
Q: What was Germany’s military budget as a % of GDP by 1939?
A: 23% – the highest in the world.
Q: How did rearmament affect German unemployment?
A: Reduced it from 6 million in 1933 to 292,000 in 1938.
. Q: What was the economic downside of Hitler’s rearmament programme?.
A: Overheating of the economy and risk of major inflation (warned by Schacht in 1937)
Q: Why did Hitler want to hasten war after 1937?
A: To prevent economic collapse once the economic miracle started to falter.
Q: How did Hitler’s economic policies make war inevitable?
A: Economic nationalism required resources and expansion, leading to planned European war.
Q: How was fascist ideology linked to war in Italy?
A: Fascism glorified war as necessary for national strength and survival; peace was seen as weakness.
Q: What did Italy’s ‘prison’ in the Mediterranean refer to?
A: Strategic territories controlled by others (Corsica, Tunisia, Malta, Cyprus), blocking Italian expansion
Q: List Italy’s military actions between 1922–1939.
A:
• Bombing of Corfu (1923)
• Invasion of Abyssinia (1935)
• Alliance with Germany (1936 Axis)
• Military support to Franco in Spain (1937, 47,000 troops)
Q: Why was Mussolini considered to be constantly at war?
A: Italy engaged in near-continuous conflict during his rule.
Q: Why is Japan considered militarist but not fully fascist?
A: It lacked a mass fascist party or charismatic dictator but had fascist traits (militarism, racism, autarky, imperialism).
Q: Why did Japan see war as necessary for survival?
. A: To secure resources and markets due to lack of raw materials and reliance on trade.
Q: How did the Great Depression affect Japan?
A: A 40% drop in exports by 1930, which was disastrous for its trade-based economy.
Q: What solution did Japan find for its economic crisis?
A: Invasion of Manchuria to gain resources and markets.
Q: Why was Japan’s invasion of Manchuria in 1931 significant internationally?
A: It was the first major failure of the League of Nations; Japan left the League.
Q: How did the Manchurian invasion affect China?
A: United Chinese factions; USSR sent aid; started the Sino-Japanese War.
Q: What did U.S. embargos in 1941 target and what was the consequence?
A: Targeted rubber, oil, and iron; led to Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor (7 December 1941).
